CN1715702A - 能量吸收物品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
物品包括多个拉胀结构,其中拉胀结构的尺寸大于大约1mm。物品还包括至少一个结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界。单元边界配置为抵抗拉胀结构的变形。汽车能量吸收器包括多个拉胀结构,其中拉胀结构的尺寸大于大约1mm。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的涉及能量吸收系统,更具体地,涉及具有拉胀结构的能量吸收系统和物品。
背景技术
能量吸收系统广泛应用在需要控制额外的能量,而不对周围物体造成损坏的场合。例如,在汽车工业中,这种系统也被称为能量吸收器(EA)并应用在汽车等的保险杠系统中。典型地,保险杠设计为在与包括交通工具,静止物体或行人之类的其它物体碰撞的情况下吸收大部分冲击,以最小化对乘客和行人的伤害。传统地,使用接附到金属梁上的膨胀的泡沫或热塑性材料已经制造出能量吸收器。要求用在保险杠内的能量吸收器为大约40km/小时的冲击速度下的碰撞提供能量吸收的增强的安全水平,并最小化交通工具和行人之间的低速碰撞对行人的可能伤害。而且,遵守工业规则,例如需要在低速碰撞下提供充分的变形以最小化对行人的可能伤害,及在高速冲击下提供高的障碍力,对传统金属或塑料保险杠提出了重大挑战。而且,现代能量吸收系统必须应付复杂的情况,诸如多重冲击碰撞,其中第二次冲击发生在前面变形的保险杠上。典型的能量吸收器(EA)占据大的体积,由于交通工具样式趋于诸如“低偏移保险杠”,这在一些情况下是不希望的。
为满足今天严格的安全标准,同时满足当前交通工具样式的趋向,需要重量轻,体积小,并比当前可用的能量吸收系统提供对变形更好的抵抗力和更高的碰撞冲击能量吸收的能量吸收系统。总的来说,需要在汽车应用和非汽车应用中能在更低的质量下吸收更多能量的能量吸收系统。
发明内容
本发明涉及包括多个拉胀结构的物品,其中拉胀结构尺寸大于大约1mm。本发明的物品也包括至少一个结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界。单元边界配置为抵抗拉胀结构的变形。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及包括结构上结合到至少一个单元边界的拉胀结构的物品,其为交通工具的部件。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及包括结构上结合到至少一个单元边界的拉胀结构的物品,其为个人保护装备物品。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及包括结构上结合到至少一个单元边界的拉胀结构的物品,其为建筑物的建筑材料。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及包括拉胀结构的物品,其为汽车能量吸收器。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及制造包括多个拉胀结构的物品的方法,其中拉胀结构尺寸大于大约1mm,物品还包括至少一个结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界。
附图说明
图1是拉胀结构的示意图,示出了侧向膨胀应变。
图2是拉胀结构的示意图,示出了侧向压缩应变。
图3是根据本发明实施例的拉胀弓形结构的截面示意图。
图4具有拉胀弓形结构的物品的透视图。
图5是示出了制造包括拉胀弓形结构的物品的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明可以通过参考下列本发明优选的实施例和其中包括的例子的详细的描述更容易地理解。在下列说明书和权利要求书中,将参考多个术语,其定义为具有下列含义:
单数形式“a”,“an”,和“the”包括复数指示物,除非上下文另外清楚地指出。
如所述,本发明提供包括拉胀结构的物品。拉胀结构能使物品在受到侧向应力或应变时在纵向呈现膨胀。相反地,拉胀结构在物品受到侧向压缩时,在纵向呈现收缩。拉胀结构由图1示出,其显示了包括多个子结构11的未变形的拉胀结构。子结构11,此处也称为“拉胀结构形成单元”,构成拉胀结构10。未变形的拉胀结构10,如图1所示,在侧向膨胀应力(由实心箭头指示)下,遵循肋铰链(rib-hinge)机制变形为纵向膨胀的形状12。类似地,图2示出的未变形的拉胀结构10遭受侧向压缩应变,变形为纵向压缩的形状14。对于具有拉胀结构的物品遭受纵向张力,侧向应变对纵向应变的比值为负。这个比值是物品伸长时变得如何更细的量度。
已经发现拉胀结构和单元边界的结合提供给予包括拉胀结构和单元边界的物品增强的能量吸收的装置。在一个方面,单元边界指的是配置为抵抗拉胀结构变形的边界。根据实施例,图3显示了包括结构上结合到拉胀结构10的单元边界20的物品100。单元边界20具有增强抵抗拉胀结构的变形的弧度,如图3示出的实施例所示。认识到单元边界弧度可以是凸形,凹形,角形或拥有这些特征的结合。在图3示出的实施例中,单元边界具有均匀的厚度。在可选实施例中,单元边界可以拥有变化的厚度。单元边界结构上结合到拉胀结构。在图3示出的实施例中,单元边界使用“连接器”22和24结构结合。连接器是进入拉胀结构10的单元边界20的物理延长。单元边界的弧度可以配置为在给定的封装空间内,在至少一个方向抵抗拉胀结构内的应变。例如,图3所示的实施例中,单元边界20具有向外凸起的形状。单元边界配置为抵抗物品的侧向压缩,如下所述。侧向压缩应变引起拉胀结构10内的纵向压缩,以类似与图2所示的方式。连接器22和24因而趋向于垂直向内移动,该运动受到单元边界20的抵抗。
图3示出的结构也可以称为“拉胀弓形(auxiarch)”结构,并且在当前讨论中无论什么地方使用,术语“拉胀弓形”将理解为指的是包括通过连接器结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界的结构。所讨论的拉胀结构期望具有至少大约1mm的一个尺寸(长度,阔度或宽度)。在一些实施例中,至少拉胀结构的一个尺寸为至少大约10mm是优选的。在另一个实施例中,至少拉胀结构的一个尺寸为至少大约100mm是优选的。在一个实施例中,拉胀结构的尺寸是均匀的(均匀分布)。在可选的实施例中,拉胀结构的尺寸不同(非均匀分布)。将认识到图3示出的拉胀结构10具有“肋铰链”结构,然而,其它拉胀结构可以不偏离本发明的范围和精神使用。
在一个实施例中,本发明的物品100(图3)包括至少一种塑性材料。塑性材料可以是热塑性或热固性材料。在一些实例中,物品可以包括一种或更多热塑性材料和一种或更多热固性材料的结合。根据本发明适和使用的塑性材料包括但不限于聚碳酸酯-ABS混合物(PC-ABS混合物),聚碳酸酯一聚(对苯二甲酸丁二酯)混合物(PC-PBT混合物),聚苯醚,包括聚苯醚的混合物,高密度聚乙烯,聚烯烃(例如聚丙烯,和聚乙烯),聚碳酸酯,聚酰胺,烯烃聚合体,聚酯,聚酯碳酸酯,聚砜,聚醚,聚醚酰亚胺,聚酰亚胺,硅酮聚合体,前述聚合体的混合物,前述聚合体的共聚物,及其混合物。某些实施例利用双酚A聚碳酸酯作为塑性材料。在一个实施例中,塑性材料为XENOY,包括可从GE Plastics得到的聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的聚合体混合物。
在另外的实施例中,物品100可以包括至少一种金属。在某些实施例中使用铝。在根据本发明的物品中适合使用的其它金属的例子包括铝,镍,镁,铜,铁,钼,钨,钢,及包括铝,镍,镁,铜,铁,钼,和钨的合金。
在另一个实施例中,物品100(图3)包括至少一种塑性材料和至少一种金属。在某些情况下,物品包括的材料的选择基于需要的强度对重量的比值。典型地,更高的金属百分比增加了物品的重量但也增加了强度。依赖于包括拉胀弓形的物品的应用,金属和塑性材料不同的结合,对于本领域内熟练的技术人员是显而易见的。在一个实施例中,物品100的单元边界20包括塑性材料且拉胀结构10包括金属。在另一个实施例中,物品100的单元边界20包括金属且拉胀结构10包括塑性材料。
在另一个实施例中,物品包括至少一种复合材料。复合材料可以包括热固性或热塑性材料。用在复合材料的其它材料包括聚合体,玻璃纤维,碳纤维,芳族聚酰胺纤维,碳纳米管,金属粉末,金属,金属间化合物,有机粘土,无机粘土,陶瓷,或上面材料的任何结合。所讨论的纤维包括短纤维,其可以注模。复合材料种类包括连续纤维复合物,短切原丝毡复合物,织造织物复合物,三维织物基复合物等。此处使用的“复合材料”也可以包括中等或纳米水平的有机化合物混合物的材料,例如,聚合体和无机化合物,及聚合体和陶瓷材料混合物。
如上所述,具有拉胀弓形结构的物品100拥有增强的变形抵抗特性。包括拉胀弓形的物品应用在各种环境中。在一个实施例中,包括拉胀弓形的物品配置为交通工具部件。交通工具总体上包括诸如船,飞机,飞机内部,火车,公交车,小汽车,两轮车,拖拉机,卡车,拖车,个人艇,喷气滑板和摩托雪撬之类的运输系统。图4示出了包括拉胀弓形的物品配置为汽车保险杠的能量吸收器(EA)110。显示在图4示出的实施例中的能量吸收器,包括拉胀结构,其中每个拉胀结构由3到10个拉胀结构形成单元构成。然而,包括更多数量的拉胀结构形成单元11(图1)的拉胀结构也是可能的。并且,图4示出了具有在拉胀结构的顶端和底端上结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界20的能量吸收器。在可选的实施例中,单元边界可以结构上结合到拉胀结构的左或右侧面,拉胀结构具有不同于图4所示的拉胀结构的排列。各种有益的实施例包括在本发明的精神内。可以由包括拉胀弓形的物品配置的交通工具部件的其它例子包括膝垫,头托,工具面板,座位,衬垫等。
在一个实施中,包括拉胀弓形的物品为个人保护装备物品。个人保护装备包括诸如安全头盔之类的头盔,靴子,夹克,手套,眼镜,及类似物品。
在另一个实施例中,包括拉胀弓形的物品可以用在大的结构内,例如,作为建筑物的建筑材料。作为建筑材料的包括拉胀弓形的物品可以有利地应用在各种建筑物,地基,墙壁,支架,支撑件,墙段,梁,房顶搁栅,地板搁栅,房间隔板,及其它建筑物结构的地震防护。例如,建筑物的某些区域对由外力造成的任何应变敏感,诸如地震或飓风。典型地,在由地震或飓风及类似灾难产生的应力下,建筑物的各个区域产生应变。典型的建筑材料为非拉胀的,因此在建筑物结构内引起的典型的应变具有非拉胀行为。在建筑物结构内使用的非拉胀建筑材料,在纵向延长时,在侧向收缩。这引起的建筑物结构的应变或变形,进一步削弱了建筑物结构,可能导致在各种建筑物结构中的附加的应力和应变。这可能由于多米诺效应导致整体建筑物结构的破坏。因此,包括拉胀弓形的物品可以包含在这些区域中。这些物品有益地抵消了非拉胀变形,从而提高了建筑物对结构破坏的抵抗力。
拉胀弓形结构和包括拉胀弓形的物品可以用各种方法制造。根据本发明的一个实施例,包括拉胀弓形的物品通过注模塑性材料制造。总的来说,注模包括加热塑性进料,同时避免对塑性材料的热损坏,并在合适的压力,位置和进料速度下通过把塑性材料注入模子来填充合适的模子。合适的模子具有一个或更多相应于需要的拉胀弓形结构的空腔。接着,压力维持规定的时间以保证模子被压紧,当塑性材料凝固时除去压力。模制的物品随后从模子排出,且此后可选地被固化。任何特定的注模技术可以用来制造具有拉胀弓形结构的物品,而不偏离本发明的范围和精神。
根据制造具有拉胀弓形结构的物品的另一种方法,可以使用如图5所示的挤压方法。总的来说,通过从模具合适的一侧对塑性材料施加压力,螺杆112推动塑性材料114在合适的温度下穿过模具116。塑性材料通过包括与需要的拉胀弓形结构互补的截面118的模具116,从而形成包括拉胀弓形结构的物品110。任何挤压技术,包括拉挤,可以用于制造具有拉胀弓形结构的物品。用于制造包括拉胀弓形的物品的其它合适的技术包括树脂传递模制,及真空辅助树脂传递模制,和其它已知技术。
根据一个实施例,汽车能量吸收器包括多个拉胀结构,其中拉胀结构的尺寸大于大约1mm并且能量吸收器包括大约3至10个横过能量吸收器宽度的拉胀结构形成单元。已经发现包括拉胀结构的能量吸收器有益地在高冲击速度时提供能量吸收,同时,在典型的“行人冲击条件”下提供侧向收缩。发现侧向收缩在交通工具一行人碰撞的模式下减小对“行人”的冲击伤害。这个发现使得包括单个元件的能量吸收器能在包括行人碰撞,前端振动碰撞等的各种碰撞模式下遵守工业安全规则。根据本实施例的能量吸收器,包括塑性材料,如上面参考包括拉胀弓形的物品所讨论。在一方面,能量吸收器包括XENOY(GEPlastics)材料。根据另一个实施例,汽车保险杠包括能量吸收器,该能量吸收器包括拉胀结构,如上面所讨论。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供用于制造包括拉胀结构的能量吸收器的方法,该方法包括挤压塑性材料穿过具有在结构上与在跟随穿过模具的通道的挤压的塑料中产生的拉胀结构互补的截面的模具。
此处批露的具有拉胀弓形结构的物品,表明了对变形的增强的抵抗力,通过在受到侧向膨胀时在纵向膨胀展示了拉胀行为,并可以使用相对简单的诸如挤压之类的制造过程制造,等其它优点。例如,拉胀弓形结构对变形增强的抵抗力在汽车保险杠应用中是有用的。包括拉胀弓形结构的能量吸收器也特别有益,因为当能量吸收器宽度减小时(在交通工具前端碰撞时的典型的保险杠行为),由能量吸收器提供的障碍力增加了。并且,由于肋铰链动作(在包括肋铰链拉胀结构的拉胀可形材料中)改进的冲击抵抗力,使单个元件能量吸收器在包括行人碰撞,前端振动碰撞等的各种碰撞模式下,提供与工业安全规则的一致成为可能。由包括拉胀弓形结构的材料提供的增加的强度允许能量吸收器总体质量的减少,从而减小了交通工具的整体重量,并在某些情况下减小了能量吸收器的封装空间。尽管此处展示了能量吸收器,包括拉胀弓形结构的物品的优点如上所述可应用在多种应用中。
数值评价部分
传统能量吸收器(比较例子,CEx),包括拉胀结构的能量吸收器(例1),及包括拉胀弓形结构的能量吸收器(例2)的性能参数的比较表明了上面讨论的各种实施例带来的优点。通过使用HypermeshTM软件形成测试网格模拟各种能量吸收器产生下列数据,并使用LsDynaTM软件测试其冲击行为。此处使用的术语“例子”将理解为指的是数值模拟的结果,而不是真实的物理测试。比较例子代表传统能量吸收器的模拟的行为。在标准条件下分析了比较例子的能量吸收器的大约100mm的封装空间。例子1代表包括“直的”拉胀结构的能量吸收器。例子2代表包括直的拉胀弓形结构的能量吸收器。在例子1和例子2中,使用3毫米(mm)的模拟壁厚度和大约60mm的封装空间进行了数值模拟。本领域内的技术人员将认识到例子1和例子2是汽车设计工程师广泛使用的模拟类型。本领域内的技术人员已经知道这些模拟在预测真实的弧形能量吸收器中是有用的。
表1
比较例子(CEx) | 例子1(Ex1) | 例子2(Ex2) | |
力(KN) | 130 | 200 | 700 |
侵入(mm) | 50 | 15 | 6 |
%效率 | 85 | 81 | 67 |
质量(kg) | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.8 |
从表1可以看出,与例子1和例子2比较的比较例子(CEx)的低的力值(Force(KN)=130)显示相对于分别代表拥有拉胀结构和拉胀弓形结构的能量吸收器的例子1和例子2,由比较例子的传统能量吸收器提供的较低的障碍力。在CEx内高的侵入距离意味着在这种情况下,能量吸收器在冲击时相比例子1和例子2屈服到更高的程度。质量是重要的性能参数,总的来说,较低的质量值是希望的。此处注意尽管例子1和2的能量吸收器具有更大的质量,更低质量的能量吸收器可以通过从3mm到1.5mm降低在例子1和2中的能量吸收器壁的厚度获得。这把每个能量吸收器的质量减小到近似表1所示的值的一半。相应于例子1和2的能量吸收器,质量分别减小了大约1kg和1.4kg,使用相似于例子1和2中使用的技术估计具有大约150KN(仅有拉胀结构)和300KN(拉胀弓形结构)的力值。在表1中,百分效率为吸收的能量对施加到能量吸收器的动能的比值,总的来说,百分效率更高的值是希望的。观察比较例子得到的较高的百分效率显示比例子1或2更好的性能。此外,百分效率的提高可以通过减小壁厚获得,其使得例子1和例子2的百分效率性能大致比得上比较例子的性能。有益地,这种改进的百分效率可以在更小的封闭空间获得。例子1和2示出的设计的并与比较例子比较的配置,表明了在现有技术上的实质的改进。
参考其优选的实施例详细地描述了本发明,但本领域内的技术人员可以理解,在本发明的精神和范围内的变化和更改是有效的。
部件列表
10 拉胀结构
11 拉胀结构形成单元
12 在侧向膨胀应力下的拉胀结构
14 侧向压缩应力下的拉胀结构
20 单元边界
22,24 从单元边界到拉胀结构的连接器
100 具有拉胀弓形结构的物品
110 具有拉胀弓形结构的能量吸收器
112 用于促使塑性材料进入模具的螺杆
114 塑性材料
116 挤压模具
118 挤压模具的截面
Claims (10)
1.一种物品,其包括:
多个拉胀结构(10),所述拉胀结构具有大于大约1mm的尺寸;及
至少一个结构上结合到拉胀结构(10)的单元边界(20),所述单元边界(20)配置为抵抗所述拉胀结构的变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的物品,还包括至少一种塑性材料。
3.一种能量吸收塑性物品,其包括:
多个拉胀结构(10),所述拉胀结构具有大于大约1mm的尺寸;及
结构上结合到拉胀结构(10)的单元边界(20),所述单元边界(20)配置为抵抗所述拉胀结构的变形。
4.一种制造能量吸收塑性物品的方法,其中物品包括多个拉胀结构(10),所述拉胀结构具有大于大约1mm的尺寸,及结构上结合到拉胀结构的单元边界(20),所述单元边界(20)配置为抵抗所述拉胀结构的移动,该方法包括:
通过把塑性材料注入模子,注模塑性材料以形成物品,模子包括相应于拉胀结构(10)和单元边界的腔。
5.根据权利要求2或4所述的物品,其中所述塑性材料为双酚A聚碳酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1,2,3或4所述的物品,还包括至少一种金属。
7.一种制造能量吸收塑性物品的方法,其中物品包括多个具有长度,宽度和深度尺寸的拉胀结构(10),所述尺寸的至少一个大于1mm,及结构上结合到拉胀结构(10)的单元边界(20),所述单元边界(20)配置为抵抗所述拉胀结构的移动,该方法包括:
挤压塑性材料(114)以形成物品,其中所述挤压包括促使塑性材料(114)穿过模具(116),模具包括与拉胀结构(10)和单元边界互补的截面(118)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的能量吸收器,其中所述塑性材料(114)为包括聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的混合物。
9.一种汽车保险杠包括能量吸收器(110),所述能量吸收器包括多个拉胀结构(10),所述拉胀结构具有大于大约1mm的尺寸。
10.一种制造包括多个拉胀结构(10)的汽车能量吸收器的方法,所述拉胀结构具有大于大约1mm的尺寸,该方法包括:
挤压塑性材料(114)以形成汽车能量吸收器,其中所述挤压包括促使塑性材料(114)穿过模具(116),模具包括与拉胀结构互补的截面(118)。
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- 2005-06-27 JP JP2005186072A patent/JP2006071093A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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- 2005-06-28 CN CNA2005100810423A patent/CN1715702A/zh active Pending
- 2005-06-28 KR KR1020050056330A patent/KR20060048627A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20060048627A (ko) | 2006-05-18 |
ES2303195T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
EP1612108B1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
US20050287371A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1612108A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
DE602005004701T2 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
ATE385929T1 (de) | 2008-03-15 |
JP2006071093A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
US7160621B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
MY143426A (en) | 2011-05-13 |
DE602005004701D1 (de) | 2008-03-27 |
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