CN1706053A - 电极、制造电极的方法以及双极电池 - Google Patents
电极、制造电极的方法以及双极电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于双极板组件的电极,它包括由压缩粉末11制成的活性材料和非金属载体10。本发明还涉及一种包括每个都具有非金属载体10的电极27、28的双极板组件20、一种用于制造具有非金属载体10的电极13的方法以及包括至少一个这种电极13的双极电池。该非金属载体10优选为非导电载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及如权利要求1的前序部分中所限定的电极。本发明还涉及一种如权利要求13的前序部分中所限定的用于制造电极的方法。本发明还涉及如权利要求9的前序部分中所限定的双极板(双片)组件以及如权利要求22所限定的双极电池。
背景技术
通常,双极电池的电极是使用一些导电载体、金属格栅或网制成以增加在电极和双极板组件的双极板之间的导电性,并且在运输和装配期间支撑该电极。还采用了以粉末形式的活性材料,该活性材料被压缩成具有适当的厚度和密度。
平面电极可以具有任意形状,但是必须通过切割支撑金属结构和压缩粉末形成为所要求的形状。这样很可能出现这样的危险,即该电极由于在切割金属载体中出现的振动而受损。还有将该电极成形会导致尖锐的导电边缘。
需要一种容易成形并且在双极板和双极电池的装配期间操纵安全的电极。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种电极,它与现有技术电极相比更容易制造成所期望的形状。
该目的是通过如在权利要求1的特征部分中所限定的电极以及如由权利要求13的特征部分所限定的用于制造电极的方法来实现的。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种包括容易制造并且在装配期间容易操纵的电极的双极板组件和双极电池。
该另一个目的是通过如在权利要9的特征部分中所限定的双极板组件以及如在权利要求22的特征部分中所限定的双极电池来实现的。
本发明的一个优点在于,该电极与现有技术电极相比更容易制造。
另一个优点在于,用于制造该电极的成本与具有支撑载体的传统现有技术电极相比降低。
再一个优点在于,由于在电极内不需要任何导电支撑结构,所以电极的重量降低。
再一个优点在于,在成形电极上不会出现在切割具有金属支撑结构的电极时会出现的导电尖锐边缘。
再一个优点在于,由于金属载体在粉末压制期间会变形,所以与具有金属载体的电极相比,更容易用压制粉末中获得扁平电极。
本领域普通技术人员从以下所披露的双极电化学电池和双极板组件的详细说明中将了解本发明的其它目的和优点。
附图说明
在这些附图中所示的不同实施方案不是按比例的,而是为了清楚起见进行放大以指明不同的重要特征。
图1显示出根据本发明布置在非导电载体上的电极的平面图。
图2显示出沿着图1中的A-A线剖开的剖视图。
图3显示出根据本发明包括具有电极的双极板组件的双极电池的剖视图。
图4显示出用于制造根据本发明的电极的设备的示意图。
图5显示出用于将活性粉末布置到非导电载体上的装置的详视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示出由导电材料例如碳纤维织布或非导电材料例如聚合物制成的优选由聚丙乙烯制成的具有预定宽度w和任意长度的非金属载体10。该载体10优选布置在卷筒中,参见图4。压制粉末11布置在非金属载体10上并且该电极13的所期望的形状由虚线12画出。沿着线条12切割压制粉末11和载体10以形成电极13。
在由相同申请人提交的题目为“制造双极板组件的方法、双极板组件和双极电池”的PCT申请PCT/SE02/01359中披露了压制粉末的使用。在那份申请中,将粉末直接压制到双极板上以实现具有更少活性材料的薄电极。通过将活性粉末压制到非金属载体上,从而进一步简化了制造过程。
对于NiMH双极电池而言,需要提供两种不同的活性材料以制造这些电极。在根据本发明制成的NiMH电池中的正活性材料优选由球形氢氧化镍(由OMG,Finland提供);Nickel 210纤维(由INCO,USA提供);和粉末钴(可以从各种供应商得到)制成。负性材料优选由金属氢化物(由Treibacher,Austria);以及Nickel 255纤维(由INCO,USA提供)制成。尤其在目前生产大部分镍金属氢化物电池的日本和中国中存在许多所有这些材料的供应商。
通常没有包括任何其它材料例如导电添加剂、粘接剂等。镍纤维INCO 210和255用作导电添加剂并且与导电双极板接触,从而将来自活性材料的电流直接引导给导电双极板。
图2显示出沿着在图1中的A-A线剖开的剖视图,其中线条12表示最终电极13的所期望的形状。压制粉末11主要位于载体10的顶部上。在活性粉末的压缩期间,一些活性粉末根据载体10的结构会向载体10的另一侧迁移。如果施加了具有随机结构的聚合物,则几乎没有任何东西会迁移穿过载体10,但是如果采用格栅结构的聚合物,则更多的活性材料将终止在载体10的另一侧上,即载体10将被放置在电极13的中央。参考标号13表示在沿着线条12切割之后的电极。
图3显示出具有正极16和负极17端子的双极电池15优选为NiMH电池。提供一双极板组件20,它包括一双极板21、由布置在非金属载体10上的正活性材料22形成的正电极27和由布置在非金属载体10上的负活性材料23形成的负电极28。活性材料23、23粉末压制到载体10上。该双极电池在该实施例中只包含一个双极板组件,但是在双极电池中当然也可以包括几个双极板组件。
正端子16具有正电极27,并且负端子17具有负电极28。包含电解质的分隔器24布置在相邻正极27和负极28电极之间。每个电极27、28的非金属载体10如图3所示一样优选朝着分隔器24布置。双极板21的侧面25和26的表面优选稍微粗糙以在制造和操作期间使电极保持不动。端子的表面当然也可以是粗糙的以用于相同的目的。
如在由相同申请人提交的题目为“双极电池、制造双极电池的方法以及双极板组件”的PCT申请PCT/SE02/01645中所披露的疏水阻挡件18分别围绕着正极27和负极28电极设置以防止电解质在相邻电池之间流通。外壳29提供了电池15的密封。电池的结构细节为双极电池15提供了电解质密封件、用于每个电池和气体密封件的疏水性阻挡件18,用于在电池中的所有单元的外壳29。
根据本发明的包括非金属载体10优选为非导电载体的电极27和28当然可以用在具有单独制造的电极的任意双极电池中。
图4显示出用于制造根据本发明的具有非金属载体10的电极的设备30。具有张紧装置例如弹簧的卷筒31给设备提供非导电载体10,并且两个辊子32和33转动以在张力作用下将载体10拉进设备中。分配器37将活性粉末38布置在载体10上,并且散布机39在将粉末挤压在辊子32和33之间之前将活性粉末38弄平(level)。如图4所示一样,粉末38可以连续的或以离散的方式布置在载体10上。
压缩粉末11因此布置在载体10上,并且切割机34将电极形成为所要求的形状。由于使用了非金属载体所以可以将在切割之后的废料研磨并且重新循环利用。
搅拌器36设在粉末容器内并且给分配器37提供密度均匀的粉末,该分配器收集体积一致的粉末并且将它分配给载体10。下面结合图5对该过程进行更详细的说明。
粉末容器设有料位传感器40,并且在粉末容器中的料位太低时,该料位控制单元41打开阀门42以从粉末供应源43加入更多的粉末。
在散布机39处也设有传感器44,用来在弄平和压制之前监测布置在载体10上的粉末量。该传感器44通过控制单元45将信号发送回散布机,从而改变转速并且由此改变分配给非金属载体10的粉末量。
图5显示出将活性粉末50分配到载体10上的机构的详视图。搅拌器36的用途在于给分配器37提供密度均匀的粉末并且防止在粉末供应容器中出现“桥塞”即孔隙。分配器37设有具有一致体积的凹槽51,它们在转动期间填充有粉末50,并且之后按照适当的量将活性粉末分配给载体10。
优选的方法使用薄膜状载体10来将松散粉末输送进碾压机以进行压实,并且在室温情况下进行该过程。时间或者生产率主要取决于粉末散布机构和辊子直径。可接受的生产率需要直径为4英寸(大约为10cm)的辊子,其优选速度为1.5至3米/分钟。更低的生产率也是可行的,但是不是经济的。最大速度取决于包括进行材料处理以将带材切割成电极尺寸并且将它们输送到随后的步骤例如装配步骤的设备。
最终产品(电极)的物理尺寸取决于特定的设备。处于在最终电池电平处的热转换考虑,该设备局限于制造宽为6英寸(大约15cm)的电极6。电极的厚度为0.002至0.050英寸(大约0.05至1.3mm)的范围内,并且优选的范围为0.010至0.035英寸(大约为0.25至0.90mm)。最终电极通常具有矩形的形状,但是当然也可以为其它形状。
电极厚度取决于所需功率与所需能量的比例。高功率用途需要更薄的电极。非导电载体必须将粉末输送到卷筒上,并且材料完全不会从中漏掉。载体材料的最终位置可以为电极内的任意位置,但是优选为离设置成与分隔器接触的电极侧面最近的位置。该材料应该允许足够的颗粒穿过,因此压缩力将粉末压实,并且不会将该非导电载体形成为薄膜。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于双极板组件的电极(13),它包括有由压缩粉末(11)制成的活性材料以及一载体,其特征在于,所述载体为非金属载体(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的电极,其中所述压缩粉末(11)主要布置在非金属载体(10)的一侧上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电极,其中所述非金属载体(10)为非导电载体。
4.如权利要求3所述的电极,其中所述非导电载体(10)由聚合物材料制成。
5.如权利要求4所述的电极,其中所述非导电载体(10)为格栅结构的聚合物纤维。
6.如权利要求4所述的电极,其中所述非导电载体(10)为随机结构的聚合物纤维。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电极,其中所述电极的厚度为0.05至1.3mm。
8.如权利要求7所述的电极,其中所述电极的优选厚度为0.25至0.90mm。
9.一种双极板组件(20),包括:
一双极板(21);
第一电极(27)的第一活性材料(22);以及
第二电极(28)的与所述第一活性材料(22)相反的第二活性材料(23),
其特征在于每个电极(27,28)还包括一非金属载体(10)。
10.如权利要求9所述的双极板组件,其中所述非金属载体(10)与所述双极板(21)不接触。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的双极板组件,其中所述双极板组件(20)还包括设有电解质的分隔器(24),所述分隔器与所述非金属载体(10)接触。
12.如权利要求9-1中任一项所述的双极板组件,其中所述非金属载体(10)为非导电载体。
13.一种制造电极(13)的方法,包括:
将活性材料(38)挤压到载体(10)上,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
提供用来让活性材料挤压到其上的非金属载体(10)。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括形成电极(13)的形状(12)的步骤。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中形成电极的步骤包括通过切割机(34)切割活性材料和非金属载体。
16.如权利要求13-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述活性材料(38)只被施加到非金属载体(10)的一个侧面上。
17.如权利要求13-16中任一项所述的方法,其中将活性材料(38)连续布置到非金属载体(10)上。
18.如权利要求13-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述活性材料(38)离散地布置到非金属载体(10)上。
19.如权利要求13-18中任一项所述的方法,其中将非金属载体(10)选择为非导电的。
20.如权利要求13-19中任一项所述的方法,其中挤压活性材料的步骤包括在适当量的活性材料上采用压缩力以获得厚度为0.05至1.3mm的电极。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述电极被选择为具有厚度为0.25至0.90mm。
22.一种双极电池(15),其特征在于,所述双极电池包括至少一个根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电极(27,28)。
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SE02033074 | 2002-11-08 | ||
SE0203307A SE525367C2 (sv) | 2002-11-08 | 2002-11-08 | En elektrod och en metod för tillverkning av en elektrod |
US10/434,167 | 2003-05-09 |
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CNB2003801013687A Expired - Lifetime CN100399602C (zh) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-07 | 电极、制造电极的方法以及双极电池 |
CNB2003801023744A Expired - Fee Related CN1330018C (zh) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-07 | 用于制造电极的设备 |
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-
2002
- 2002-11-08 SE SE0203307A patent/SE525367C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
- 2003-05-09 US US10/434,167 patent/US20040091784A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-07 CN CNB2003801013687A patent/CN100399602C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-07 CN CNB2003801023744A patent/CN1330018C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2009-04-27 US US12/430,678 patent/US9431676B2/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102881938A (zh) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-01-16 | 伊格皮切尔科技有限责任公司 | 形成封装的固体电化学元件的方法 |
CN102881938B (zh) * | 2011-04-26 | 2015-11-25 | 伊格皮切尔科技有限责任公司 | 形成封装的固体电化学元件的方法 |
CN112289981A (zh) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-29 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种双极性电极及电池的制作方法 |
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US20040091784A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
CN1330018C (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
SE0203307D0 (sv) | 2002-11-08 |
US9431676B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
SE0203307L (sv) | 2004-05-09 |
CN1708866A (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
US20160336589A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CN100399602C (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
US9548488B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
SE525367C2 (sv) | 2005-02-08 |
US20090233172A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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