CN1705654A - 使用对映体富集的西酞普兰去甲基和二去甲基代谢产物治疗抑郁症以及其它中枢神经病症的方法 - Google Patents
使用对映体富集的西酞普兰去甲基和二去甲基代谢产物治疗抑郁症以及其它中枢神经病症的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1705654A CN1705654A CNA028220846A CN02822084A CN1705654A CN 1705654 A CN1705654 A CN 1705654A CN A028220846 A CNA028220846 A CN A028220846A CN 02822084 A CN02822084 A CN 02822084A CN 1705654 A CN1705654 A CN 1705654A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- citalopram
- treatment
- compound
- disease
- illness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical class C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000000697 serotonin reuptake Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 99
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 (+)-tertiary butyl sulfinyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000017194 Affective disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000019022 Mood disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000026781 habituation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000024732 dysthymic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gabapentin Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(CN)CCCCC1 UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000009032 substance abuse Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000001880 Sexual dysfunction Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000561 anti-psychotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000872 sexual dysfunction Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- VMJNTFXCTXAXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbonitrile Chemical group C1=C(C#N)C=C2OC(F)(F)OC2=C1 VMJNTFXCTXAXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000031091 Amnestic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010015742 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002004 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000028683 bipolar I disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000003104 endogenous depression Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004801 imipramine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000024714 major depressive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003821 menstrual periods Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010065559 Cerebral arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010008874 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010013954 Dysphoria Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010026749 Mania Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKNARUVAUOSLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1N=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKNARUVAUOSLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010057852 Nicotine dependence Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000006193 Pulmonary infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000025569 Tobacco Use disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000004810 Vascular dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010047249 Venous thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006986 amnesia Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002870 gabapentin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035231 inattentive type attention deficit hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000005851 intracranial arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000029766 myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000003631 narcolepsy Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010036596 premature ejaculation Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007575 pulmonary infarction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N risperidone Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C3CCN(CC3)CCC=3C(=O)N4CCCCC4=NC=3C)=NOC2=C1 RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001534 risperidone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000012672 seasonal affective disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007631 vascular surgery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930008564 C01BA04 - Sparteine Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010008088 Cerebral artery embolism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010008132 Cerebral thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010074922 Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010026925 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010000543 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010001237 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010081668 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100026533 Cytochrome P450 1A2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100029363 Cytochrome P450 2C19 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100029358 Cytochrome P450 2C9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100021704 Cytochrome P450 2D6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100039205 Cytochrome P450 3A4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010051055 Deep vein thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000001429 Intracranial Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000005314 Multi-Infarct Dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000021384 Obsessive-Compulsive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000032851 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000012826 adjustment disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-isosparteine Natural products C1N2CCCCC2C2CN3CCCCC3C1C2 SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000836 amitriptyline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010849 intracranial embolism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PYZRQGJRPPTADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N lamotrigine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl PYZRQGJRPPTADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001848 lamotrigine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRKADVNLTRCLOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;fluorobenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].FC1=CC=[C-]C=C1 BRKADVNLTRCLOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GMHKMTDVRCWUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N mephenytoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)NC(=O)N(C)C1=O GMHKMTDVRCWUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000906 mephenytoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015238 neurotic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-AJNGGQMLSA-N sparteine Chemical compound C1N2CCCC[C@H]2[C@@H]2CN3CCCC[C@H]3[C@H]1C2 SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001945 sparteine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003386 triazolam Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005080 warfarin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OCC2=C1 WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 208000000103 Anorexia Nervosa Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-L D-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003368 psychostimulant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (-)-norepinephrine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 13
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 38
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PTJADDMMFYXMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Demethylcitalopram Chemical compound O1CC2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2C1(CCCNC)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PTJADDMMFYXMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003925 brain function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940040145 liniment Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940124834 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012896 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000305 astragalus gummifer gum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- SWWQQSDRUYSMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CCN1 SWWQQSDRUYSMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000006491 Acacia senegal Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010039966 Senile dementia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000019208 Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010012996 Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 208000010513 Stupor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000030963 borderline personality disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical class CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940126570 serotonin reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003772 serotonin uptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003568 synaptosome Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSYNRZJODZWUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citalopram propionic acid Chemical compound O1CC2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2C1(CCC(=O)O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JSYNRZJODZWUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Histamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CN=CN1 NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000014415 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050003473 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006474 Theobroma bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000338168 Tringa Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-4-olide Chemical compound O=C1CC=CO1 RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004298 cerebral vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003001 depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfiram Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002825 dopamine reuptake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 201000001881 impotence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124508 injectable medicine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001561 neurotransmitter reuptake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000966 norepinephrine reuptake Effects 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000019899 phobic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002601 protriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWPIARFWQZKAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N protriptyline Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 BWPIARFWQZKAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000862 serotonergic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- NAUWTFJOPJWYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanoxerine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)OCCN1CCN(CCCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 NAUWTFJOPJWYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl)azanium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl.SCC(N)C(O)=O QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCDTNMLBYVAY-ZXXIYAEKSA-N (2S,5R,10R,13R)-16-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-(ethylamino)-6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-(4-aminobutyl)-10-carbamoyl-2,13-dimethyl-4,7,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraazaheptadecan-1-oic acid Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CC[C@H](C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)C(C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NCC)C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 DQJCDTNMLBYVAY-ZXXIYAEKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAFZOLYKKCWUBI-HPMAGDRPSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-3-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-(3-cyclohexylpropanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-methylhexanoyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]butanediamide Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N)=O)C(=O)CCC1CCCCC1 KAFZOLYKKCWUBI-HPMAGDRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-2-hydroxybut-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(\O)C(O)=O UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGVKWAAPMVVTFX-BUHFOSPRSA-N (e)-octadec-5-en-7,9-diynoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC#CC#C\C=C\CCCC(O)=O IGVKWAAPMVVTFX-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound O1CC2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2C1(CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNBFUGOVQMFIRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCl VNBFUGOVQMFIRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZQLTVZPOGLCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane Chemical class BrCCC1OCCO1 GGZQLTVZPOGLCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-acetyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GWJSQKNYHPYZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-2-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(N)(=O)=O GWJSQKNYHPYZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHEVPDFAQFJIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfooxyethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCOS(O)(=O)=O KHEVPDFAQFJIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQAMEYNBQIHQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1C#N BQAMEYNBQIHQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TZKBVRDEOITLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-(1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethynyl]benzamide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(C(=C1)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C(C#CC=2C=C3C=NNC3=NC=2)=C1 TZKBVRDEOITLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phosphonohexylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCCCCP(O)(O)=O WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010002198 Anaphylactic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010014328 Ejaculation failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010016344 Feeling of despair Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002068 Glycopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010015899 Glycopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000006792 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010024419 Libido decreased Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000010909 Monoamine Oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062431 Monoamine oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034912 Phobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010036618 Premenstrual syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013738 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100033928 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710114615 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N alpha-D-mannose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036783 anaphylactic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003455 anaphylaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002249 anxiolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000949 anxiolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000576 arachnoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWJVNKMWXNTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydroxide;hydrochloride Chemical compound [NH4+].O.[Cl-] TWJVNKMWXNTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007177 brain activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940047493 celexa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UCKZMPLVLCKKMO-LHLIQPBNSA-N cephamycin Chemical compound S1CC(C)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@]21OC UCKZMPLVLCKKMO-LHLIQPBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008455 cerebrovascular function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027288 circadian rhythm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007012 clinical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001681 croscarmellose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001305 cysteine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al](O)O UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001856 erectile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N escitalopram Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004341 escitalopram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003885 eye ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004038 fluvoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N fluvoxamine Chemical compound COCCCC\C(=N/OCCN)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001731 gluceptate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-VFUOTHLCSA-N glucoheptonic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001340 histamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004249 isobenzofuran-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C(*)O1 0.000 description 1
- 229960000201 isosorbide dinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-M lactobionate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099584 lactobionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001853 liver microsome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003511 macrogol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWXPSZCDYMRHNF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane;dibromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-].CCC1OCCO1 BWXPSZCDYMRHNF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFETXMWECUPHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanamine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC LFETXMWECUPHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002831 pharmacologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002745 poly(ortho ester) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008174 sterile solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001562 sternum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930003352 steroid alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000736 substance abuse Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005062 synaptic transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010496 thistle oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N trappsol cyclo Chemical compound CC(O)COC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)COCC(O)C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1COCC(C)O ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002271 trichotillomania Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940120293 vaginal suppository Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006216 vaginal suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYPPVKRFBIWMSX-SXGWCWSVSA-N zimeldine Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1C(=C/CN(C)C)\C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 OYPPVKRFBIWMSX-SXGWCWSVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002791 zimeldine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/26—Psychostimulants, e.g. nicotine, cocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/34—Tobacco-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/18—Radicals substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D317/20—Free hydroxyl or mercaptan
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及新型的组合物,其包含对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(-)和(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或它们最佳比例的混合物。与现有技术中的教导相反,本发明中公开的对映体富集的西酞普兰代谢物具有强烈的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制活性,同时对于其它已知的单胺如去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)的再摄取抑制作用很小。本发明还公开了治疗需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的病症、功能障碍或疾病的方法。具体而言,本发明公开了用本发明的组合物治疗各种抑郁症的方法。
Description
背景技术
(+/-),(+),(-)-西酞普兰(CIT) (+/-),(+),(-)-去甲基西酞普兰(DCIT)
(+/-),(+),(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰(DDCIT) (+/-),(+),(-)-西酞普兰丙酸(CIT-PROP)
西酞普兰1(CIT)是一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)型抗抑郁药物,它是SSRI中最具选择性的一种。作为一种SSRI,西酞普兰已被用于治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)情感病症如抑郁症,以及其它需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的适应症。这些适应症包括焦虑、强迫性神经症、多种恐怖症、边缘性人格异常、躁狂抑郁症。西酞普兰也被用于酒精和烟草等成瘾物质的滥用或成瘾的治疗。西酞普兰具有一个手性中心,因此存在(+)和(-)两种构型。外消旋西酞普兰在美国已经上市,商品名为CELEXA。
人体内西酞普兰的生物转化已经被归结为(体外实验)是特定的人肝脏细胞色素酶如P450 4A、P450 2C19以及作用程度较小的P450 2D6作用的结果(Willets,1999)。西酞普兰在肝脏中被立体选择性地代谢成为极性代谢产物,特别是通过N-脱甲基生成去甲基西酞普兰2(DCIT)和二去甲基西酞普兰3(DDCIT),也可经脱氨基转化成为丙酸型代谢产物4(CIT-PROP),经N-氧化转化成为西酞普兰的氮氧化物(Baumann等人,1995)。重要的是西酞普兰及其代谢产物去甲基西酞普兰基本上不抑制以上的或其它的细胞色素P450酶(P450 1A2、P450 2C9、P450 2E1)。西酞普兰对于多种神经递质(如乙酰胆碱、组胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺)的受体、酶(如单胺氧化酶)以及其它再摄取位点(多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素)的亲和力弱,这被认为是西酞普兰安全性和耐受性更高并且成为一种日益流行的抗抑郁制剂药物的原因(Willets,1999)。而且,考虑到药物-药物和其它底物间的相互作用,西酞普兰对于细胞色素P450的作用轻微也提高了其自身的安全性。
发明内容
本发明涉及新型组合物,其包含对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(-)和(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或它们的混合物或其比例达最佳的代谢产物。这些组合物具有强烈的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制活性,同时对于其它已知的单胺如去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)的再摄取抑制作用很小。与母体化合物西酞普兰相比,虽然(-)-去甲基西酞普兰的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制活性较弱,但是本发明的数据清楚地表明,该化合物以及随后的下游代谢产物(-)和(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰保留了可观的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制活性。而且它们的半衰期要比西酞普兰更长(Sanchez和Hyttel 1999)。从长期用药的角度考虑,这些药代动力学性质使得(-)-CIT、(-)-DCIT、(+)-DDCIT或(-)-DDCIT比现已开发出的外消旋或对映体纯西酞普兰更为适宜。
反应性,内因性抑郁症和躁狂抑郁症是采用5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗特别有效的CNS情感障碍。本发明公开了一种采用本发明药用组合物治疗抑郁症和CNS情感障碍的方法。本发明所描述的方法也适用于治疗和预防其它CNS疾病、脑血管功能障碍、或血管功能障碍、性功能障碍、饮食病症和成瘾物质的滥用。本发明还提供一种联合用药方案,在不损害各个药物的药理/治疗效果的前提下,联合使用抗精神病药、抗焦虑药或心境稳定药物治疗以上的功能失调、功能障碍、疾病或综合症。适用于该联合用药方案的药物包括但不限于氯氮平、利培酮、苯二氮杂卓或加巴喷丁。
具体实施方式
A、总述
本发明公开了用于治疗与血清素能功能障碍有关的疾病的组合物和方法。特别地,本发明涉及新型组合物,其中包含对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(-)和(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或它们的混合物或其比例达最佳的代谢产物。本发明还公开了情感障碍(例如抑郁症)的治疗方法。此外,本发明还公开了需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的疾病的治疗方法。这些疾病包括CNS、脑血管或血管系统的病症或功能障碍。
B、定义
在此所用术语“西酞普兰”或“CIT”是指式1所示的外消旋化合物,其化学名为(±)-1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃。
(+/-)-西酞普兰(CIT),1
式1
在此所用术语“去甲基西酞普兰”或“DCIT”是指式2所示的外消旋或对映体富集的化合物,其化学名为(±)-1-(3-甲氨基丙基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃。
(+/-),(+),(-)-去甲基西酞普兰(DCIT),2
式2
在此所用术语“二去甲基西酞普兰”或“DDCIT”是指式3所示的外消旋或对映体富集的化合物,其化学名为(±)-1-(3-氨基丙基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃。
(+/-),(+),(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰(DDCIT),3
式3
在此所用术语“西酞普兰丙酸”或“CIT-PROP”是指式4所示的外消旋或对映体富集的化合物,其化学名为(±)-1-(3-丙酸)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃。
(+/-),(+),(-)-西酞普兰丙酸(CIT-PROP),4
式4
在此所用术语“西酞普兰代谢产物”包括但不限于外消旋西酞普兰经哺乳动物代谢所产生的代谢产物。具体而言,术语“西酞普兰代谢产物”包括(+/-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(+/-)-二去甲基西酞普兰、或者西酞普兰丙酸。
在此所用术语“情感障碍”是指一种精神疾病,其特征在于情绪、行为和情感控制病症。这些疾病包括但不限于抑郁症、焦虑症、注意力缺失症、注意力缺失多动症、两极和躁狂病症、贪食症、肥胖或体重增加、发作性睡病、慢性疲劳综合症、季节性情感障碍、经期前综合症、成瘾物质的成瘾或滥用以及尼古丁成瘾。情感障碍的主要临床症状是情绪烦躁不安、兴趣或愉快全面消失,并伴随有以下症状:睡眠和食欲病症、精力缺乏、性冲动丧失、身体出现疼痛、记忆力丢失、缺乏决断能力、自我谴责或过度或不恰当的犯罪感,有自杀的想法以及注意力缺失。
在此所用术语“预防”一种疾病或病症是指在一个统计样本中,与未治疗的样本相比,化合物降低了受治疗样本疾病或病症的发生率,或使病症的出现推迟,或降低了疾病的一种或多种症状的严重程度。
在此所用术语“一种用于治疗血管疾病的方法”是指血管系统的疾病得到了缓解,这些疾病包括但不限于心肌梗死、心绞痛、中风、肺栓塞、暂时性局部缺血症、深静脉血栓、冠状动脉介入手术,心脏或血管手术后栓塞再生成、外周血管栓塞、X综合症、心力衰竭、或者是至少一个冠状动脉出现狭窄的疾病。
在此所用术语“一种用于治疗血清素能功能障碍的方法”是指5-羟色胺神经传递被阻断的疾病得到了缓解,这些疾病包括神经退化性疾病,以及影响运动控制的脊椎和脊椎上调控的其他疾病,影响中枢神经系统,包括感觉、自主运动、认知和情感功能调控的疾病,影响血管系统、脑血管系统的疾病,或影响血脑屏障完整性的疾病。
在此所用术语“一种用于治疗抑郁症的方法”是指抑郁症的症状得到了缓解,这些症状包括但不限于情绪的改变、强烈的沮丧感、绝望感、mental slowing、注意力缺失、悲观焦虑、兴奋和自我贬低。机体的改变也可以得到缓解,症状包括失眠、厌食、体重下降、精力和和性欲缺乏、激素周期节律反常。
在此所用术语“一种用于治疗性功能障碍的方法”是指症状得到了缓解,这些症状包括但不限于性要求减少、性兴奋障碍、阳痿、早泄、不射精、因内分泌、药物、局部、神经或血管等原因引起的阳痿不举。
在此所用术语“一种用于治疗脑功能障碍的方法”是指涉及智力缺陷的脑功能障碍的症状得到了缓解,这些症状包括但不限于老年性痴呆、Alzheimer型痴呆、记忆力下降、健忘/健忘综合症、意识混乱、昏迷、注意力下降、语言障碍、帕金森氏症、Lennox综合症、孤僻症、运动机能亢奋综合症以及精神分裂症。脑功能障碍也指脑血管疾病所造成的脑功能失调,包括但不限于脑梗塞、脑出血、脑动脉硬化、脑静脉血栓、头部损伤等,其中症状包括意识混乱、老年性痴呆、昏迷、注意力下降、语言障碍等。
在此所用术语“物质滥用”、“月经前综合症”、“焦虑”、“恐惧症内因性抑郁症”、“睡眠病症”、“边缘性人格异常”、“创伤后压力心理障碍症”、“饮食异常”与本领域所认可的意思一致。例如参见:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,第4版,American Psychiatric Association,(1997)(DSM-IVtm)。当与这些疾病一起使用时,术语“治疗或预防的方法”、“治疗的方法”和“预防的方法”是指与这些疾病有关的症状和/或效应得到了减轻、预防或缓解。此处不受任何理论的限制,这些疾病的治疗或预防可能与作为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的活性成分的作用有关。
术语“健康的提供者”是指为人、社区等提供健康服务的个体或组织。“健康的提供者”的实例包括医生、医院、养老院、有经验的护理机构、亚急性护理机构、综合性门诊部、独立式急救中心、家庭护理机构以及HMO。
针对本发明所公开的化合物,术语“只要效价和稳定性允许”是指室温下化合物在体外或体内的半衰期至少为12小时,或至少为24小时,优选在0℃下储存1周分解率不大于约10%。
术语“包合物”是指包合型的化合物,其中客体分子处于主体分子所形成的笼中或主体分子的网格中。
在此所用术语“对映体富集”是指产物的对映体过量大于0,对映体过量(ee)指一个对映体相对于另一个对映体的“过量程度”。因此,由于外消旋混合物中各对映体的含量相等,故其对映体过量为0(0%ee)。如果其中一个对映体被富集成占产物的95%时,则对映体过量为90%ee(95%-5%(富集的对映体的含量减去另一对映体的含量))。概括而言,优选对映体纯度大于50%ee,更优选对映体过量在75%ee至90%ee之间,特别优选对映体过量大于90%ee。
术语“对映体纯”是指化合物的对映体过量约为100%。
从化学角度讲,术语“半衰期”是指半数化合物在体内或体外转化成其他化合物所需的时间。
术语“代谢产物”是指在体内或体外母体化合物经一个或多个酶促转化过程所生成的化合物,其中所得化合物作为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的ED50值小于母体化合物ED50值的1000倍。术语“ED50”是指产生50%最大响应或效应时所需的药物剂量。
术语“前药”是指这样一种化合物,它在生理条件下(即体内条件下)被转化成药效更高的化合物。制备前药的常用方法是选择在生理条件下能够被水解的片断,从而得到具有所需生物活性的药物。
缩写Me、Et、Ph、Tf、Nf、Ts、Ms指分别甲基、乙基、苯基、三氟甲磺酰基、九氟丁磺酰基、对甲苯磺酰基和甲磺酰基。更为详细的本领域普通有机化学工作者所采用的缩写可参见每卷Journal of OrganicChemistry的第一期,这一列表的表头为缩写标准表。所述列表中的缩写以及本领域普通有机化学工作者所采用的所有缩写均被引用作为参考。
本发明的某些化合物可以采取特定的几何或立体异构形式。本发明认为所有这些化合物,包括顺、反异构体,(-)-和(+)-对映体,非对映异构体,(D)-异构体、(L)-异构体,其外消旋混合物以及其它类型的混合物,均在本发明的范围之内。在取代基如烷基上还可能存在其它的不对称碳原子。所有这些异构体及其混合物均被认为包含在本发明的范围之内。
例如,如果需要本发明化合物的一个特定的对映体,可以通过不对称合成制得,或者通过手性辅助基团衍生,然后将所得非对映异构体的混合物分离,脱去手性辅助基团后得到所需的纯的对映体。此外,当分子中含有碱性基团如氨基或酸性基团如羧基时,可以采用适当的旋光性酸或碱形成非对映异构体盐,然后采用本领域众所周知的方法分离所形成的非对映异构体,如分级结晶法或色谱法,最后得到对映体纯品。
在此所用术语“手性配体”是本领域众所周知的,它是指在反应中与一个或多个试剂共价或离子性键合的有机、无机或金属有机化合物,或者其本身是一种催化剂或定量试剂,它被设计用来在生成外消旋产物的反应中诱导出对映体过量。适用于本发明的已知配体包括但不限于取代或非取代的联萘、烷基膦、芳基膦、氮丙啶、二醇、氨基醇、烷基吡咯烷、芳基吡咯烷、二胺、氨基酸、糖、噁唑啉或膦烷基噁唑啉。
所能预想到的上述化合物的等价物包括相应的其它化合物,以及基本性能相同的化合物(如抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的能力),其中在不影响化合物药效的前提下,对取代基可以进行一项或多项改变。概括而言,本发明的化合物可以采用如以下所列反应路线或其改进方案进行制备,所采用的起始原料和试剂易得,合成方法为常规方法。在这些反应中,也可以采用实验人员所知的一些不同的方法,对此本发明中不再叙述。
就本发明而言,化学元素与Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,67thEd.,1986-87封面内的CAS版元素周期表中的一致。就本发明而言,术语“碳氢化合物”用于包含所有可能的,含至少一个氢原子和一个碳原子的化合物。从宽的范围上讲,可能的“碳氢化合物”包括环状或非环状的、支链或直链的、碳环或杂环的、芳香性或非芳香性有机化合物,这些化合物可以是取代的或未取代的。
C、示例件实施方案
本发明涉及外消旋或对映体富集的西酞普兰代谢产物的药用组合物,其中西酞普兰代谢产物不包括(+)-去甲基西酞普兰。特别地,本发明涉及外消旋或对映体纯的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰,或对映体富集的(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰的药用组合物。本发明还涉及外消旋或对映体纯或对映体富集的西酞普兰代谢产物的合成以及含有这些化合物的组合物(如药用组合物)。本发明还涉及本发明所公开的化合物的新用途,这是对使用外消旋西酞普兰和对映体纯(+)-西酞普兰的改进。
本发明的一个实施方案涉及具有式I所示结构的化合物:
式I
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及具有式II所示结构的化合物:
式II
在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物包含:单一的或混合的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰、(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰。在一个实施方案中,西酞普兰的(-)-去甲基、(+)-二去甲基和(-)-二去甲基代谢产物占组合物总重约1%,5%,10%,25%,50%,75%,甚至是90%。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种制备外消旋去甲基西酞普兰的方法,如合成路线1所示,其包括将商品2-苯并[c]呋喃酮与两种格氏试剂接触,优选为顺序接触,然后关环,酸水解,随后再还原胺化。优选的格氏试剂为4-氟苯基溴化镁和乙基二氧戊环溴化镁。在某些实施方案中,用于关环的试剂是甲磺酰氯。用于还原胺化的优选试剂是甲胺和硼氢化钠。在本发明的一个实施方案中对所得胺直接进行纯化,或用酸成盐或用金属形成金属配合物进行纯化。
在一个实施方案中,所用酸为L-酒石酸。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,合成中的任意步骤或全部步骤在固体载体上进行或以组合的方式进行。
合成路线1
本发明的另一个实施方案包括一种制备对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰和(+)-去甲基西酞普兰的方法,如合成路线2所示,其包括将商品2-苯并[c]呋喃酮与两种格氏试剂接触,其中,为获得对映体富集的叔醇,第二种格氏试剂可以采用手性配体(通过多方筛选以获得高的ee值)。关环和随后的反应如合成路线2所示。在本发明的一个实施方案中对所得胺直接进行纯化,或用酸成盐或用金属形成金属配合物进行纯化。在一个实施方案中,所用酸为L-酒石酸。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,合成中的任意步骤或全部步骤在固体载体上进行或以组合的方式进行。
合成路线2
本发明的另一实施方案包括一种利用手性柱色谱拆分外消旋缩酮6来制备对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰和(+)-去甲基西酞普兰方法。在一个实施方案中,如合成路线3所示,采用CHIRALCEL OD柱、甲醇为流动相分离相应的对映体(6a和6b)。化合物6a和6b的随后反应与合成路线2所示的相同。
合成路线3
本发明的另一实施方案包括一种制备外消旋二去甲基西酞普兰的方法,如合成路线4所示,其包括采用氨的等价物处理,然后利用氢化物还原,对醛7进行还原胺化。所得化合物以盐的形式纯化。氨的等价物优选为(-)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺,在烷氧基钛存在下与醛7反应。优选的还原剂是硼氢化钠。在本发明的一个实施方案中,对所得胺直接进行纯化,或者用酸成盐或用金属形成金属配合物进行纯化。在一个实施方案中,所用酸为L-酒石酸。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,合成中的任意步骤或全部步骤在固体载体上进行或以组合的方式进行。
合成路线4
本发明的另一实施方案包括一种制备对映体富集的二去甲基西酞普兰的方法,如合成路线5所示,其包括采用BOC酸酐衍生外消旋二去甲基西酞普兰,然后柱色谱拆分外消旋BOC-二去甲基西酞普兰。随后对BOC衍生的对映体进行酸水解,得到对映体富集的二去甲基西酞普兰。优选的分离条件是采用CHIRALCEL OD柱,甲醇为流动相。
合成路线5
如合成路线6所示,本发明的另一实施方案包括一种制备对映体富集的西酞普兰代谢产物的通用方法,其中将醛7和多种试剂反应。
合成路线6
在本发明的一个实施方案中,与其它单胺神经递质相比,本发明所采用的组合物抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的选择性更高。在一个实施方案中,与多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素相比,本发明所采用的组合物抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的选择性更高。在另一个实施方案中,本发明所采用的组合物抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的IC50要比抑制多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素再摄取的IC50低两个数量级以上。
本发明的一个实施方案中包括一种治疗方法,其中治疗对象需要接受治疗有效量的对映体纯(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、或对映体富集的(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。上述西酞普兰代谢产物可用于治疗血清素能功能障碍,而且其半衰期比西酞普兰更长。虽然可以单独使用本发明的化合物,但优选将化合物制成药用制剂(组合物)后进行给药。本发明的组合物可以被配制成任何方便人或兽使用的剂型。在某些实施方案中,包含在药物制剂中的化合物可以是活性剂本身,也可以是(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰的前药,这些前药在生理条件下可以转化成活性化合物。
因此,本发明的另一方面提供一种药学可接受的组合物,其包含治疗有效量的一种或多种本发明所述化合物、以及一种或多种药学可接受的载体(添加剂)和/或稀释剂。如以下详述的那样,本发明的组合物可以被特制成固体或液体制剂,包括适用于以下给药途径的剂型:(1)口服给药,例如,液体制剂(水基或非水基溶液或混悬液)、片剂、丸药、散剂、颗粒剂、用于舌部给药的糊剂;(2)非经胃肠道给药,例如皮下给药、肌注或静脉注射,如无菌溶液或混悬液;(3)局部给药,例如,适用于皮肤的膏剂、搽剂和气雾剂;或(4)阴道或直肠给药,例如栓剂、软膏剂或泡沫剂。但是,在某些实施方案中,可以将目标化合物简单地溶于或悬浮于灭菌水中。在某些实施方案中,药用制剂是无热源的,即基本不会使患者体温升高。
本发明的一个实施方案是一种药物的制剂,其包含治疗有效量的对映体纯(-)-去甲基西酞普兰或对映体富集的西酞普兰二去甲基代谢物或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物以及药物赋形剂。在一个优选实施方案中,制剂是片剂或胶囊或口服液。在一个实施方案中,制剂适用于静脉滴注、透皮转运或口腔吸收。在一个实施方案中,治疗有效的剂量在约10mg至500mg之间。在一个实施方案中,治疗有效的剂量在约25mg至250mg之间。在另一个实施方案中,剂量在约50mg至150mg之间。
本发明的一个实施方案是一种治疗情感障碍并且使情感障碍临床症状减轻的方法。在某些实施方案中,特定的情感障碍包括反应性抑郁症、内因性抑郁症和躁狂抑郁症、焦虑症、注意力缺失症、注意力缺失多动症、两极和躁狂症、贪食症、肥胖或体重增加、发作性睡病、慢性疲劳综合症、季节性情感障碍、经期前综合症、成瘾物质的成瘾或滥用以及尼古丁成瘾。在另一实施方案中,临床症状包括情绪烦躁不安、兴趣或愉快全面消失,并伴随有以下症状:睡眠和食欲病症、精力缺乏、性冲动丧失、身体出现疼痛、记忆力丢失、缺乏决断能力、自我谴责或过度或不恰当的犯罪感,有自杀的想法以及注意力缺失。
因此本发明包括一种治疗CNS情感障碍的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案包括一种用于治疗脑功能障碍的方法,这些疾病包括但不限于遗忘症、痴呆、Alzheimer型痴呆、精神病、睡眠病症、创伤后压力心理障碍症、边缘性人格异常、拔毛发癖或恐慌症。脑功能障碍可能由多种原因造成,包括但不限于脑血管疾病如脑梗塞、脑静脉血栓、头部损伤等,其中症状包括意识混乱、老年性痴呆、昏迷、注意力下降、语言障碍等。因此本发明包括一种用于治疗脑功能障碍的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗血管疾病的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗性功能障碍的方法,性功能障碍包括但不限于早泄或勃起障碍,该方法包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗经期前综合症的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗焦虑症的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗饮食病症的方法,饮食病症包括但不限于贪食症或厌食症,该方法包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗强迫性精神症的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗、预防或缓解由于部分戒断烟草或尼古丁所造成的一种或多种症状的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗、预防脑血管疾病的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。在某些实施方案中,此等疾病是由于脑梗塞、脑出血、脑动脉硬化、蛛网膜下出血、脑血栓、脑栓塞所造成的。在另一实施方案中,所述疾病为缺血、与缺血有关的遗忘症、或血管性痴呆或多发梗塞性痴呆.
本发明的另一实施方案是一种用于治疗、预防血管疾病的方法,其包括对需要治疗的治疗对象给药治疗有效量的西酞普兰代谢产物,或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。在某些实施方案中,所述疾病选自心肌梗死、心绞痛、中风、肺栓塞、暂时性局部缺血症、深静脉栓塞,冠状动脉介入手术、心脏或血管手术后栓塞再生成,外周血管栓塞、X综合症、心力衰竭、或者是至少一个冠状动脉出现狭窄的疾病。在某些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗有患血管病、疾病或病症风险的对象的方法,使得发生血管病的风险降低,其中血管病是上述疾病的体现。
本发明的另一实施方案是将本发明药用组合物和选自抗精神病药、抗惊厥药物、心境稳定药物或中枢尼古丁刺激剂的其它药物联合用药的方法,适用于联合用药的药物包括氯氮平、茶碱、华法林、丙咪嗪、美芬妥英、司巴丁、阿米替林、卡马西平、三唑仑、苯二氮杂卓、利培酮、加巴喷丁和拉莫三嗪。此外,联合用药的药物可以是一种选自CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6或CYP3A4的细胞色素P450酶的底物。
由于半衰期比西酞普兰更长,采用对映体纯或对映体富集的(-)-去甲基西酞普兰或者对映体富集的二去甲基西酞普兰的目的是试图改善对疾病的治疗效果。
本发明另一方面也是一种运作制药生意的方法,其包括:
a.制造本发明所公开的药用组合物;
b.卖给健康提供者,由他们利用该组合物治疗一种或多种或需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的病症、功能失调或疾病。
本发明另一方面也是一种运作制药生意的方法,其包括:
a.提供一个分销网络,出售本发明所公开的药用组合物;
b.卖给健康提供者,由他们利用该组合物治疗一种或多种或需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的病症、功能失调或疾病。
本发明另一方面也是一种运作制药生意的方法,其包括:
a.确定本发明所公开的药用组合物的合适制剂和剂量,单独用药或与选自抗精神病药、抗惊厥药物、心境稳定药物或中枢尼古丁刺激剂的一种或多种治疗药物联合使用;
b.进行药效学和毒理学动物实验,研究步骤(a)中制剂的疗效;
c.提供一个分销网络,出售经步骤(b)鉴定具有可接受疗效的制剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明所提出的经营药物的方法包括将制剂提供给一个销售群体并由他们卖给健康提供者的其它步骤。
本发明另一方面也是一种运作制药生意的方法,其包括:
a.确定本发明所公开的药用组合物的合适制剂和剂量,单独用药或与选自抗精神病药、抗惊厥药物、心境稳定药物或中枢尼古丁刺激剂的一种或多种治疗药物联合使用;
b.授权第三方拥有进一步开发和销售制剂的权利。
D、药物制剂
在另一方面中,本发明提供药用组合物。用于目标方法中的组合物可以方便地与生物可接受的介质如水、缓冲液、多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、液体聚乙二醇等)或其适当的混合物一起,配制成药用组合物。根据药物化学家所熟知的方法,可以通过试验确定活性成分在所选介质中的最佳浓度。如本发明所述,“生物可接受的介质”包括任何可适用于所需给药途径的溶剂、分散介质等。针对活性成分而言,这些介质的使用在本领域是众所周知的。除了与5-羟色胺活性不相容的常规介质或剂外,都可考虑它们在本发明药用组合物中的应用。例如,在以下文献中描述了适用的载体及含有其它蛋白的制剂:Remington′s PharmaceuticalSciences(Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences.Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,USA 1985)。这些载体包括可注射的“药物储池”。
本发明的药用组合物也可以包括兽用组合物,如适用于兽医使用的5-羟色胺抑制剂的制剂,例如用于治疗家畜或家养动物,如狗。
给药的方法包括通过可再充装的或生物可降解的装置给药。近年来,有关药物的控释已经发展出了多种缓释的高聚物装置,这其包括蛋白类生物制剂。多种生物相容性的聚合物(包括水凝胶),包括生物可降解的和生物不可降解的聚合物在内,均可用于构成一种植入物,用于在特殊靶位上实现药物的持续释放。
本发明的制剂可以口服、非经胃肠道、局部或直肠给药。当然,它们的剂型应与各给药途径相适应。例如,它们可以采取片剂或胶囊形式、注射、吸入、眼部洗剂、搽剂、栓剂、控释片等进行给药;通过注射、灌注或吸入进行给药;采用洗剂或搽剂局部给药;采用栓剂直肠给药。优选为口服或局部给药。
本发明采用术语“非经胃肠道给药”是指除经胃肠道给药或局部给药以外的给药方式,通常是提供注射给药,包括但不限于静脉、肌肉、动脉、鞘内、囊内、眼内、心脏内、皮内、腹腔、气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、囊下、蛛网膜下、脊柱内和胸骨内注射和灌注。
在此所用术语“全身给药”、“外周给药”是指化合物、药物或其它材料不直接进入中枢神经系统,而是进入患者的体内,因此参与了代谢或其它类似的过程,例如通过皮下进行给药。
这些化合物可通过适当的给药途径给药于人和其他动物,包括口服、鼻腔(如通过气雾剂)、直肠、阴道、非经胃肠道、池内和局部(如采用散剂、搽剂或滴剂,包括口腔或舌下给药)。
不论所选给药途径如何,本发明的化合物(可采用适当的水合物的形式)和/或药用组合物可以被配制成以下所描述的药学可接受的剂型并采用本领域技术人员所熟知的其它方法进行配制。
本发明药用组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平可以作调整,使得针对特定的患者、组合物和给药形式能够获得一定量的活性成分,达到理想的治疗效果同时对病人不产生毒副作用。
所选择的剂量水平依多种因素而变,包括所采用特定的本发明化合物、或其酯、盐或酰胺的活性;给药途径;给药时间;所采用的特定化合物的清除率;治疗的时间长度;与所采用的特定化合物联合使用的其它药物、化合物和/或材料的性质;受治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、病情、健康状况和医史;以及其它医学领域已知的因素。
本领域的普通医生或兽医就能够确定和开出治疗所需的有效量的药用组合物。例如,医生或兽医开始可以采用低于达到理想治疗效果所需的剂量,然后再逐渐增加剂量直到达到理想的治疗效果。
概括而言,本发明化合物适宜的日剂量可以是达到治疗效果所需的最低剂量。这一有效剂量依据上述因素而变。概括而言,本发明化合物在通过静脉、脑血管和皮下给药时的剂量在约0.0001至100mg/kg体重/天的范围内。
如果需要,活性化合物的有效日剂量可以每日分为二次、三次、四次、五次、六次或更多次以适当的间隔分别给药,可以采用单元制剂的形式给药。本领域的普通医生或兽医就能够确定治疗所需的总时间。
术语“治疗”用于包含预防、治疗和治愈。
接受治疗的患者可以是需要治疗的任何动物,包括灵长目动物,特别是人,以及其它哺乳动物如马、牛、猪和羊;以及家禽和宠物。
本发明的化合物可以直接使用或与药学可接受的和/或灭菌的载体,或者与其它抗菌剂如青霉素、头孢霉素、胺基糖甙和糖肽一起使用。连续治疗,包括连续、同时和分别给药活性化合物,使得第一次给的药物在治疗效果未完全消失的时候,下一剂量又已跟进。
在此所用术语“治疗有效量”是指化合物、材料或包含本发明化合物的组合物的用量,通过至少抑制动物体内某些细胞的5-羟色胺再摄取,阻断受治疗细胞的生理过程达到某些所期望的治疗效果,并且具有适用于医学治疗的治疗指数。
此处采用术语“药学可接受”是指从医学眼光看,这些化合物、材料和/或剂型适于和人或动物接触,但不造成过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应、或其它问题或并发症,与合理的治疗指数含义相当。
此处采用术语“药学可接受的载体”是指药学可接受的材料、组分或载体,如液体或固体填料、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包胶材料,将目标拮抗剂从一个器官或身体的某一部分转运或传输至另一器官或身体的另一部分。每种载体必须是“可接受的”,即与制剂中的其它成分相容并且不对患者造成伤害。作为药学可接受的载体的材料的实例包括:(1)糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;(2)淀粉,如玉米淀粉或土豆淀粉;(3)纤维素及其代谢产物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;(4)粉末黄蓍胶;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石粉;(8)赋形剂,如可可脂和栓剂用蜡;(9)油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;(10)二醇,如丙二醇;(11)多元醇,如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇以及聚乙二醇;(12)酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)藻酸;(16)无热源水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格氏液;(19)乙醇;(20)磷酸盐缓冲液;(21)其它用于药用制剂中的无毒、相容性的物质。
如上所述,本发明的某些实施方案可以包含一个碱性基团,如氨基和烷胺基,因此可以和药学可接受的酸形成药学可接受的盐。术语“药学可接受的盐”是指无机或有机酸和本发明化合物加成的相对无毒的盐。这些盐在本发明化合物最终分离或纯化的过程中原位生成,或者将纯化好的本发明化合物的游离碱与适当的有机或无机酸反应,然后分离得到所生成的盐。代表性的盐包括氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、苯磺酸盐、琥珀酸盐、萘甲酸盐、甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳糖酸盐、以及十二烷基磺酸盐等(参见,如Berge等人(1977)″Pharmaceutical Salts″,J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19)。
目标化合物的药学可接受盐包括化合物的常规无毒酸的盐和季铵盐,如通过无毒有机或无机酸生成的盐。例如,这些常规无毒的酸包括无机酸,如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等;而且可以采用有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、棕榈酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、磺胺酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、富马酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、草酸、isothionic酸等成盐。
在其它情况下、本发明的化合物可含有一个或多个酸性基团,因此可以和药学可接受的碱形成药学可接受的盐。术语“药学可接受的盐”是指无机或有机碱和本发明化合物加成的相对无毒的盐。这些盐在本发明化合物最终分离或纯化的过程中原位生成,或者将纯化好的本发明的化合物的游离酸与适当的碱反应,如带有药学可接受金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐、氨、或和药学可接受的伯、仲或叔胺。代表性的碱金属或碱土金属盐包括锂、钠、钾、钙、镁和铝盐等。代表性的适用于形成碱加成盐的有机碱包括乙胺、二乙胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪等(参见,如Berge等人的上述书目)。
润湿剂、乳化剂和润滑剂,如十二烷基磺酸钠和硬脂酸镁,以及着色剂、脱模剂、涂膜剂、甜味剂、增香剂、防腐剂和抗氧剂也可包含在本发明的组合物中。
药学可接受的抗氧剂的实例包括:(1)水溶性抗氧剂,如抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫酸氢钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧剂,如棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、维生素E等;(3)金属螯合剂,如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
本发明的药物剂型或制剂包括适用于口服、鼻腔、局部(包括口腔和舌下给药)、直肠、阴道和/或非经胃肠道给药者。为方便起见,制剂可为单元剂量剂型,可以采用药学领域已知的各种方法进行制备。在单元剂量剂型中和载体材料一起使用的活性成分的用量依被治疗的对象、具体给药途径而变。单元剂量剂型中和载体材料一起使用的活性成分的用量一般是化合物达到治疗效果的用量。概括而言,以百分比计,活性成分用量为约1至99%,优选为约5至70%,最优选约为10至30%。
制备这些制剂和组合物的方法包括将本发明化合物与载体混合,任选地,可以添加一种或多种助剂。概括而言,将本发明的化合物和液体载体或固体载体细粉和二者的混合物均匀且紧密地混合,由此制备制剂,如果有必要,也可以对产品进行成形。
用于口服给药的本发明的制剂可以为胶囊、扁囊(cachet)、丸剂、片剂、糖锭剂(采用香味的基体,一般是蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍胶)、散剂、颗粒剂、水基或非水基溶液或混悬剂、油包水或水包油型液体乳剂,酏剂或糖浆剂、或锭剂(采用惰性基体,如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶)和/或漱口水等剂型,各剂型包含预定量的本发明化合物作为活性成分。本发明的化合物也可以采取大丸药、干糖浆剂或糊剂的形式进行给药。
在用于口服给药的本发明的固体剂型(胶囊、片剂、丸剂、糖衣片、散剂、颗粒剂等)中,活性成分和一种或多种药学可接受的载体,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,和/或以下成分混合:(1)填料或填充剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯树胶;(3)保湿剂,如甘油;(4)崩解剂,如琼脂-琼脂、碳酸钙、土豆或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(5)溶出延迟剂,如石蜡;(6)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,如十六烷醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯;(8)吸附剂,如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,如滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基磺酸钠及其混合物;(10)着色剂。对于胶囊、片剂或丸剂而言,药用组合物还可包含缓冲剂。类似类型的固体组合物也可作为软或硬明胶胶囊中的填充剂,其中胶囊采用乳糖或牛奶糖以及高分子量的聚乙二醇等作为赋形剂。
可以通过压制或模压的方法,任选地和一种或多种助剂一起制成片剂。可使用粘合剂(如明胶或羟丙甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(如淀粉乙醇酸钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂制备片剂。可以采用适当的机器模压用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的混合物粉末制作成形的片剂。
任选地,本发明药用组合物的片剂或其它固体剂型,如糖衣片、胶囊、丸剂和颗粒剂可以包衣,如采用制药领域众所周知的肠溶衣或其它包衣。使用例如不同比例以提供理想的释药曲线的羟丙甲基纤维素、其它聚合物基体、脂质体和/或微球,由此可以使其中的活性成分达到缓控释的效果。可以采用如保留细菌的过滤器滤过进行灭菌,或者将杀菌剂添加到在使用前可被溶于灭菌水或者某些其它的无菌注射介质中的灭菌固体组合物中。任选地,这些组合物也可包含遮光剂,或者是这样一种组合物,即、优选仅在胃肠道的某部位以缓释的方式释放活性成分的组合物。可使用的植入型组合物包含聚合物和蜡。如果需要,活性成分可以和以上一种或多种赋形剂一起构成微胶囊的形式。
本发明化合物之口服给药的液体剂型包括药学可接受的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液、混悬剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除活性成分外,液体剂型可包含本领域常用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,助溶剂和乳化剂,如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢呋喃醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯及其混合物。
除以上惰性载体外,口服制剂也可包含助剂如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、增香和防腐剂。
除活性化合物外,混悬液中可包含悬浮剂,如乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂-琼脂、黄蓍胶及其混合物。
众所周知,甾醇如胆固醇可以和环糊精形成配合物。因此,在优选的实施方案中,抑制剂为甾类生物碱,它可以和环糊精,如α-、β-、γ-环糊精、二甲基-β-环糊精和2-羟丙基-β-环糊精复配。
用于直肠或阴道给药的本发明药用组合物的制剂可以是栓剂,将本发明的化合物和一种或多种适用的非刺激性赋形剂或载体混合进行制备,其中赋形剂或载体包括例如可可脂、聚乙二醇、栓剂用蜡或水杨酸盐,它们在室温下为固体,但在体温下则转变为液体,因此,在直肠或阴道中熔化并释放出活性成分。
用于阴道给药的本发明药用组合物的制剂也可以是阴道栓剂、棉塞、药膏、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫剂或气雾剂,其中含有本领域已知的适用载体。
本发明化合物的局部或透皮给药的制剂包括散剂、气雾剂、搽剂、糊剂、药膏、洗剂、凝胶、溶液、贴剂和吸入剂。活性化合物可以在无菌的条件下和药学可接受的载体、防腐剂、缓冲剂或抛射剂混合。
除本发明的活性化合物外,搽剂、糊剂、药膏和凝胶也可包含赋形剂,如动物或植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素代谢产物、聚乙二醇、聚硅氧烷、膨润土、硅酸、滑石粉、氧化锌或其混合物。
除本发明的活性化合物外,散剂和气雾剂可包含赋形剂如乳糖、滑石粉、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末或这些化合物的混合物。此外,气雾剂还包含常规抛射剂,如氯氟烃和挥发性未取代碳氢化合物,如丁烷和丙烷。
透皮贴剂的优点是可以实现本发明化合物的控释。可以将组合物溶于或分散于适当的介质中制备这种剂型。也可以使用吸收促进剂提高药物透过皮肤的速率。可以采用控释薄膜或将化合物分散于聚合物基体或凝胶中来控制药物的皮肤透过速率。
眼科制剂、眼膏、散剂、溶液等也在本发明的范围之内。
适用于非经胃肠道给药的本发明的药用组合物包括一种或多种本发明的化合物,以及一种或多种药学可接受的无菌等渗水基或非水基溶液,分散系,混悬液或乳液,或灭菌的粉针剂,这种粉针剂在使用前可以被配制成无菌的可注射乳液或混悬液,其中可以包含抗氧剂、缓冲剂杀菌剂、使制剂与作用对象血液达到等渗的溶质,或混悬剂或增稠剂。
可用于本发明药用组合物中的适用水基或非水基载体的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)及其混合物,植物油,如橄榄油,以及注射用的有机酯,如油酸乙酯。例如使用涂膜材料,如卵磷脂,或维持混悬液的所需粒径,或使用表面活性剂,由此可维持适当的流动性。
这些组合物还可包含助剂如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。加入多种杀菌剂和抗真菌剂,如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等,可确保预防微生物的破坏作用。向组合物中加入等渗试剂,如糖、氯化钠等也是需要的。此外,将药物吸附到单硬脂酸铝和明胶中可以延长可注射制剂的吸收时间。
在某些情况下,为延长药物的作用,需要减缓皮下或肌肉注射的药物的吸收速度。采用水溶性差的晶体或无定形材料的液体混悬剂可以达到这一目的。此时药物的吸收速率依赖于药物的溶出速度,也就是依赖于晶体的大小和晶型。此外,可以将药物溶解或悬浮于油性载体中实现非经肠道给药的药物的延迟吸收。
采用生物可降解聚合物如聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸交酯形成目标化合物的微胶囊基质可以制备出可注射的药物储池。依据药物和聚合物的比例,以及所采用聚合物的特性,可以控制药物的释放速度。其它可生物降解的聚合物的实例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。也可以将药物捕集在与身体组织有相容性的脂质体或微乳中,构成可注射的药物储池。
当本发明的化合物作为药品对人或动物给药时,它们可直接使用或制成药用组合物后进行使用,其中药用组合物包含例如0.1至99.5%(更优选为0.5至90%)的活性成分以及药学可接受的载体。
优选制备出含有有效量的活性化合物的适当饲料预混物,并将该预混物按一定比例加入饲料中,以实现本发明化合物向动物饲料中的添加。
此外,也可以将含有活性成分的中间浓溶液或饲料补充物混合至饲料中。饲料预混物和成品饲料的制作和使用方法在参考书中有描述(如″Applied Animal Nutrition″,W.H.Freedman and Co.,San Francisco,U.S.A.,1969,或者″Livestock Feeds and Feeding″O and B books,Corvallis,Ore.,U.S.A.,1977)。
参考文献
1.K.Bezchlibnyk-Butler等人,″Citalopram-a review of pharmaco-logical and clinical effects,″Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience,25:241-54(2000).
2.G.Bondolfl等人,″Non-response to citalopram in depressive patients:pharmacokinetic and clinical consequences of a fluvoxamine augmentation,″Psychopharmacology,128:421-25(1996).
3.J.Willetts等人,″Clinical Development of citalopram,″Journal ofClinical Psychopharmacology,19:36(+)-46S(1999).
4.B.Rochat等人,″Stereoselective biotransformation of the selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and its demethylated metabolites bymonoamine oxidases in human liver,″Biochemical Pharmacology,56:15-23(1998).
5.Foster Wheeler Awarded Contract to Design and Build $48 MillionBulk Pharmaceutical Facility in the UK.Business Wire,pp.2299,June 28,2000.
6.M.Kosel等人,″Analysis ofthe enantiomers of citalopram and itsdemethylated metabolites using chiral liquid chromatography,″Journal ofChromatography,″719:234-38(1998).
7.B.Rochat等人,″Analysis of enantiomers of citalopram and itsdemethylated metabolites in plasma of depressive patients using chiralreverse-phase liquid chromatography,″Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,17:273-79,(1995).
8.O.Olesen等人,″Studies on the Stereoselective Metabolism ofcitalopram by Human Liver Microsome and cDNA Expressed CytochromeP450 Enzymes,″Pharmacology,59:298-309(1999).
9.C.Sanchez等人,″Comparison of the Effects of Antidepressants andTheir Metabolites on Reuptake of Biogenic Amines and on ReceptorBinding,″Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,19:467-489(1999).
10.C.Hiemke等人,″Pharmacokinetics of selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors″Pharmacology and Therapeutics,85:11-28(2000).
11.US 4,136,193;US 4,650,884;US 4,943,590;US 5,296,507;US5,788,986;WO 98/19511;WO 98/19512;WO 98/19513;WO 00/69429;WO00/69448;WO 00/1204;WO 00/34263;WO 00/03701;WO 00/03469;WO00/40053;WO 96/01106;WO 96/03469;WO 90/04387;和WO 00/23431.
此处引用的所有专利和出版物被引入作为参考。
实施例
实施例1
4-[3-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基-L-I-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟丙基]-3-羟甲基苄腈(5)的合成
氩气保护下,于5-10℃向1-氧-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃5(15g)在THF(50mL,无水)中的悬浮液内加入4-四氟苯基溴化镁的乙醚溶液(50ml,2M)。反应混合物升至室温并搅拌5小时。此后于室温下加入第二种格氏试剂(在THF中由2-(2-溴乙基)-[1,3]-二氧戊环(25g)和Mg粉制成)。反应混合物于室温下搅拌14小时。然后于0℃下用氯化铵水溶液中止反应。分出有机相,水洗(50mL),浓缩得到粗产物。闪柱色谱(EtOAc∶己烷1∶1)分离得17g目标产物5。
1H NMR(CDl3,δ):1.54-1.66(m,1H),1.75-1.88(m,1H),2.18-2.30(m,1H),2.36-2.47(m,1H),356(br s,1H),3.80-4.00(m,4H),4.10-4.17(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.22-4.30(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.86(t,J=3Hz,1H),5.50(br s,1H),6.8-7.10(m,2H),7.16-7.26(m,2H),7.50-7.70(m,3H).
13C NMR(CDl3,δ):27.2,35.8,63.1,64.9,77.8,103.4,111.4,114.7,115.0,118.3,127.1,127.6,127.3,131.1,134.7,141.1,149.7,159.9,163.2。
实施例2
1-(2-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基-L-乙基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(6)的合成
室温下将4-[3-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基-L-1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟丙基]-3-羟甲基苄腈(15g)溶于二氯甲烷(150mL)中,然后加入三乙胺(25mL)。反应混合物冷却至5-10℃并搅拌5分钟,此后加入甲磺酰氯(8.4g)。反应混合物升至室温并搅拌10分钟。加入2%NaOH(100mL)中止反应,此间反应温度维持在10-20℃之间。分出有机相,水洗,浓缩得到19.2g粗产物。1H NMR(CDCl3,δ):1.42-1.57(m,1H),1.63-1.76(m,1H),2.20-2.38(m,2H),3.78-3.96(m,4H),4.84(t,J=3Hz,1H),5.18(m,2H),7.00(m,2H),7.38-7.50(m,4H),7.60(m,1H)。
采用CHIRALCEL OD柱,甲醇为流动相分离2的对映体,对映体8a,保留时间6.67分钟,对映体8b,保留时间8.30分钟。
实施例3
1-(4-氟苯基)-1-(3-氧代丙基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(7)的合成
将1-(2-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基L-乙基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(6g)溶于丙酮(100mL)和盐酸(5N,30mL)的混合物中。反应混合物于室温下搅拌60小时。浓缩除去丙酮,水溶液用乙酸乙酯(40mL)萃取,有机相浓缩得油状粗品。将其溶于丙酮(80mL)和盐酸(5N,25mL)中,搅拌3小时,浓缩除去丙酮,水溶液用乙酸乙酯(40mL)萃取,水洗,浓缩纯品产物7(5.6g)。
1H NMR.(CDCl3,δ):2.22-2.64(m,4H),5.14(s,2H),6.94-7.06(m,2H),7.40-7.63(m,5H),9.70(s,1H)。
实施例4
2-甲基L-丙烷-2-亚磺酸[3-[5-氰基-L-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-1-基]-丙基]-酰胺(8)的合成
将1-(4-氟苯基)-1-(3-氧代丙基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(3.0g)溶于THF(20mL)中,然后加入(-)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺(1.5g)和Ti(OEt)4(20mL,Aldrich)的EtOH溶液。反应混合物于室温下搅拌10分钟,然后在55℃下1小时。将反应混合物冷至5-10℃,加入盐水(50mL)和EtOAc(150mL)。反应混合物于室温下搅拌10分钟并过滤。分出滤液中的EtOAc相,盐水洗,浓缩得油状粗品。将其溶解于THF(20ml)中,冷至5-10℃,加入NaBH4(1.6g)和甲醇(10mL)。反应混合物搅拌14小时,5-10℃下加水中止反应,EtOAc萃取(100mL)。萃取液用盐水洗,浓缩得粗产品(3.5g)。硅胶柱分离,EtOAc和己烷(8∶2)洗脱得纯品(2.5g),其为可能的非对映异构体的混合物。
1HNMR(CDCl3,δ):1.19(s,9H),1.40-1.60(m,2H),2.10-2.30(m,2H),3.05-3.30(m,3H),5.17(m,2H).7.00(m,2H),7.40-7.60(m,5H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,δ):22.4,25.6,38.1,45.4,55.4,71.1,90.7,111.6,115.1,115.4,118.4,122.6,125.1,126.5,126.6,131.8,139.1,140.1,149.0,160.2,163.5。
实施例5
3-[5-氰基-L-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-1-基]-丙胺(二去甲基西酞普兰)(3)的合成
室温下将2-甲基L-丙烷-2-亚磺酸[3-[5-氰基-L-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-1-基]-丙基]-酰胺(2.0g)溶于甲醇(35mL)中,加入HCl(10%,20mL)。反应混合物于室温下搅拌16小时,浓缩除去甲醇并加入TBME(100mL)、水(50mL),加入碳酸钾水溶液直至呈碱性。分出有机相,用水(20mL)、盐水(20mL)洗,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到油状游离碱(1.3g)。1H NMR(CDCl3,δ):1.23(br s,2H),1.21.30-1.43(m,2H),2.08-2.25(m,2H),2.63-70(t,J=7Hz,2H),5.10-5.20(m,2H),7.00(m,2H),7.38-7.60(m,5H)。
实施例6
BOC-二去甲基西酞普兰(10)的合成
室温下向3(3.3g)的二氯甲烷溶液(40mL)中加入三乙胺(10mL),然后加入BOC酸酐(5.0g),反应混合物搅拌1小时。此后将反应混合物浓缩,残余物通过硅胶闪柱(EtOAc∶己烷3∶7)分离,得3.5g产品。
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ):1.30-1.50(m,2H),1.41(s,9H),2.06-2.28(m,2H),3.15(m,2H),4.54(s,1H),5.10-5.21(m,2H),7.00-7.06(m,2H),7.30-7.42(m,3H),7.50(s,IH),7.60(d,J=8Hz,1H)。
采用CHIRALCEL OD柱分离外消旋产物10(己烷∶乙醇90∶10)得到10a(>99%ee,保留时间7.20分钟)和10b(>99%ee,保留时间8.4分钟)。
实施例7
(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰[(+)-3]的合成
将化合物10a(1.3g)溶于TFA(10mL)中,室温下搅拌1小时,浓缩,残余物中加入水(15mL)和EtOAc(30mL),加入碳酸钾水溶液直至呈碱性。分出有机相,用水、盐水洗,浓缩得到产物(0.96g,>95%)[(+)-3]。[α]=+5.5。(C=1,甲醇)。由10b制得(-)-3,它们的1H NMR与外消旋体一致。
实施例8
二去甲基西酞普兰-L-酒石酸盐(11)的合成
向二去甲基西酞普兰游离碱(1.3g)的甲醇(20mL)溶液中加入L-酒石酸(0.6g)的水(5mL)溶液。反应混合物搅拌30min,浓缩得到白色固体(1.8g)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,δ):1.26-1.60(m,2H),2.24-2.30(m,2H),2.70-2.80(m,2H),4.03(s,2H),5.10-5.25(m,2H),7.15-7.20(tm,2H),7.58-7.64(m,2H),7.73-7.81(m,3H),7.0-7.9(br,4H).
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,8):23.0,17.8,72.7,91.1,111.3,115.8,116.0,119.5,123.9,126.4,127.6,127.7,132.8,140.6,140.9,149.7,160.4,163.7,175.4.M+296.9。
实施例9
1-(4-氟苯基)-1-(3-甲氨基-丙基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(去甲基西酞普兰)(2)的合成
将1-(4-氟苯基)-1-(3-氧代丙基)-5-氰基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃(3.0g)溶于甲胺水溶液(10mL,40%)中。反应混合物于室温下搅拌2小时,叔丁基甲基醚(50mL)萃取。有机相用盐水洗,浓缩得到相应的粗品亚胺。将其溶于甲醇(30mL)中,于10-20℃下用硼氢化钠(2g)处理30分钟。然后用氯化铵水溶液(50mL)中止反应,加5N HCl至酸性。反应混合物搅拌10分钟,加入碳酸钾至碱性(pH>9.5)。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×100mL)。合并有机相,用水、盐水洗,浓缩得到粗产品,闪柱色谱分离(EtOAc∶MeOH∶Et3N=8∶1∶1)得到1.4g游离碱形式的目标化合物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ):1.30-1.66(m,2H),2.10-2.30(m,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.53-2.60(m,2H),5.10-5.25(m,2H),6.94-7.05(m,2H),7.40-7.62(m,5H).
13C NMR 23.9,35.9,38.8,51.4,71.2,90.9,111.5,115.0,115.3,118.5,122.7,125.1,126.6,126.7,131.7,139.4,140.2,149.2,160.2,163.5.M+310.9。
类似地,用对映体纯8b制备(+)-去甲基西酞普兰[(+)-2],[α]=+6.0°(c=2,甲醇)。用对映体纯8a制备(-)-去甲基西酞普兰[(-)-2],[α]=-5.3°(c=2,甲醇)。
实施例10
去甲基西酞普兰L-酒石酸盐(12)的合成
向去甲基西酞普兰(1.2g)的甲醇(15mL)溶液中加入L-酒石酸(0.58g)的水(5mL)溶液。反应混合物搅拌1h,除去溶剂得终产物盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,δ):1.26-1.60(m,2H),2.24-2.30(m,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.70-2.80(m,2H),4.03(s,2H),5.10-5.25(m,2H),7.15-7.20(tm,2H),7.58-7.64(m,2H),7.73-7.81(m,3H),7.0-7.9(br.,4H).13C NMR(DMSO-d6,δ):21.4,33.0,37.8,48.8,71.9,72.8,91.1,111.3,115.8,116.0,119.5,123.9,126.4,127.7,132.8,140.6,140.8,149.6,159.8,163.0,175.5;M+310.9。
实施例11
药理学
对比外消旋西酞普兰、去甲基西酞普兰和二甲基西酞普兰的纯对映体抑制经放射标记的5-羟色胺再摄取进入由大鼠脑部各区域制备得到的突触体中的活性。对于同一化合物还评价了其抑制去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺的再摄取进入由类似方法制备得到的突触体中的活性,以此来评价外消旋西酞普兰以及其代谢产物的(+)和(-)对映体对于抑制5-羟色胺再摄取和NE及多巴胺再摄取的选择性。另外还评价了这五个化合物抑制放射标记的配基特异性结合非选择性蕈毒碱受体的活性。
通过抑制曲线的回归分析计算IC50值(50%抑制神经递质再摄取或特异性结合所需的浓度)(表1)。
表1:外消旋西酞普兰、光活去甲基西酞普兰和二去甲基西酞普兰抑制蕈毒碱受体特异性结合以及抑制5-羟色胺、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取进入突触体的作用
外消旋西酞普兰及光活代谢产物对功能性单胺摄取的IC50值(单位为nM)
受试化合物 | 5-HT摄取 | NE摄取 | DA摄取 |
(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰(-)去甲基西酞普兰(+)去甲基西酞普兰消旋西酞普兰 | 1301801105.82.2 | 1,3003,3001,7004.1004,900 | 2,70011,0009,4007,60013,000 |
对照化合物 | |||
普罗替林 | 0.0010/0.0019/0.0041 | ||
GBR 12909 | 0.0031 | ||
丙咪嗪 | 0.025 |
在5-羟色胺转运体体系中,西酞普兰及其去甲基代谢产物的数值和变化规律在不同种类间相关性非常好(表2)。
表2:外消旋西酞普兰及其对映体纯代谢产物对于人类NE和DA转运体的IC50和Ki值(单位为nM)
受试化合物 | 5-HT转运体 | NE转运体 | DA转运体 | |||||
大鼠 | 人 | IC50 | Ki | IC50 | Ki | |||
IC50 | Ki | IC50 | Ki | |||||
(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰 | 27 | 5.5 | 14 | 5.8 | 5,520 | 5,120 | 38,900 | 17,800 |
(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰 | 19 | 3.9 | 219 | 90 | 24,200 | 22,400 | 54,700 | 25,000 |
(-)-去甲基西酞普兰 | 11 | 2.3 | 42 | 17 | 815 | 756 | 37,600 | 17,100 |
(+)-去甲基西酞普兰 | 1.3 | 0.27 | 20 | 8.2 | 10,300 | 9,570 | 27,700 | 12,700 |
消旋西酞普兰 | 1.4 | 0.30 | 9.4 | 3.9 | 4,600 | 4,270 | 38,800 | 17,700 |
对照化合物 | ||||||||
丙咪嗪 | 11 | 4.6 | ||||||
齐美定 | 57 | 12 | ||||||
普罗替林 | 5.2/6.3 | 4.8 | ||||||
GBR12909 | 8.1/6.3/2.5 | 3.7 |
根据以往的报道,西酞普兰在抑制单胺神经递质再摄取方面,对于5-羟色胺转运体具有高的选择性。去甲基西酞普兰的(+)对映体也具相同的倾向。与现有的认识不同,去甲基和二去甲基西酞普兰的(-)对映体以及二去甲基西酞普兰的(+)对映体均处于微摩尔数量级。这一结果说明,西酞普兰的去甲基和二去甲基代谢产物均保持了显著的抑制5-羟色胺再吸收的活性。
Claims (32)
5、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中对所得胺直接进行分离,或用与酸反应形成盐。
6、如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所采用的酸为D-酒石酸、L-酒石酸、HCl或HBr。
7、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中采用带有手性固体载体的柱色谱分离终产品或中间体的对映体。
8、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中对映体富集的程度大于80%。
9、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中对映体富集的程度大于90%。
10、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中对映体富集的程度大于95%。
11、如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中对映体富集的程度大于99%。
12、一种药用组合物,其包含药学可接受的赋形剂和对映体纯(-)-去甲基西酞普兰、或对映体富集的(+)-二去甲基西酞普兰或(-)-二去甲基西酞普兰或其混合物,或其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物或包合物。
13、一种治疗一种或多种需要抑制5-羟色胺再摄取的病症、功能障碍或疾病的方法,其包含对治疗对象给药治疗有效量的如权利要求12所述的组合物。
14、如权利要求13中的方法,其中所述病症包含以下至少一种疾病:抑郁症、焦虑症、注意力缺失症、注意力缺失多动症、两极和躁狂症、贪食症、肥胖或体重增加、发作性睡病、慢性疲劳综合症、季节性情感障碍、经期前综合症、成瘾物质的成瘾或滥用、以及尼古丁成瘾。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法,其中治疗的目的是缓解情感障碍的以下临床症状:情绪烦躁不安、兴趣或愉快全面消失,并伴随有以下症状:睡眠和食欲病症、精力缺乏、性冲动丧失、身体出现疼痛、记忆力丢失、缺乏决断能力、自我谴责或过度或不恰当的犯罪感、有自杀的想法以及注意力缺失。
16、如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述病症包括反应性抑郁症、内因性抑郁症和躁狂抑郁症。
17、如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述病症、功能障碍或疾病选自性功能障碍、饮食病症、成瘾物质的滥用、脑血管疾病、血管疾病、强迫性神经症、焦虑症、痴呆和canine affective aggression。
18、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述病症、功能障碍或疾病选自早泄或勃起功能障碍。
19、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述病症、功能障碍或疾病选自贪食症或神经性厌食症。
20、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述治疗预防或缓解了由于戒断或部分戒断烟草或尼古丁所造成的一种或多种症状。
21、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述病症、功能障碍或疾病选自脑梗塞、脑出血、脑动脉硬化、蛛网膜下出血、脑血栓、脑栓塞、缺血、遗忘症或多梗塞性痴呆。
22、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述病症、功能障碍或疾病选自心肌梗死、心绞痛、中风、肺栓塞、暂时性局部缺血症、深静脉血栓,冠状动脉介入手术、心脏或血管手术后栓塞再生成,外周血管栓塞、X综合症、心力衰竭、或者是至少一个冠状动脉出现狭窄的疾病。
23、如权利要求22所述的方法,其中治疗对象有患血管病、疾病或病症的风险,治疗降低了发生血管病的风险。
24、一种药用工具盒,其包含(i)如权利要求12所述的药用组合物和(ii)一种或多种与(i)联合使用的选自于以下组中的治疗用药物:抗精神病药、抗惊厥药物、psychostimulant、心境稳定药物或中枢尼古丁刺激剂。
25、如权利要求24所述的药用工具盒,其中所述治疗药物是一种选自CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6或CYP3A4的细胞色素P450酶的底物。
26、如权利要求24所述的药用工具盒,其中药物选自氯氮平、茶碱、华法林、丙咪嗪、美芬妥英、司巴丁、阿米替林、卡马西平、三唑仑、苯二氮杂卓、利培酮、加巴喷丁和拉莫三嗪。
27、一种药用制剂,其中包含治疗有效量的如权利要求12所述的药用组合物。
28、如权利要求27所述的制剂,其中所述制剂选自片剂、胶囊或口服液。
29、如权利要求27所述的制剂,其中所述制剂适用于静脉滴注、透皮给药或口腔给药。
30、如权利要求27所述的制剂,其中所述治疗有效量在约10mg至500mg之间。
31、如权利要求27所述的制剂,其中所述治疗有效量在约25mg至250mg之间。
32、如权利要求27所述的制剂,其中所述治疗有效量在约50mg至150mg之间。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33760801P | 2001-11-08 | 2001-11-08 | |
US60/337,608 | 2001-11-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1705654A true CN1705654A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
Family
ID=23321236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNA028220846A Pending CN1705654A (zh) | 2001-11-08 | 2002-11-05 | 使用对映体富集的西酞普兰去甲基和二去甲基代谢产物治疗抑郁症以及其它中枢神经病症的方法 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040266864A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1446396A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005510518A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050043776A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1705654A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002356903A2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0213949A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2465186A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0401934A3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL161617A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA04004368A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20042013L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ532478A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL368452A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2004117211A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003040121A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200403409B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1896002A4 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2009-11-25 | Biovail Lab Int Srl | BUPROPIONAL SALT FORMULATIONS WITH MODIFIED RELEASE |
US20070049626A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Tran Pierre V | Treating premature ejaculation using gabapentin and pregabalin prodrugs |
CN101652133A (zh) * | 2006-12-08 | 2010-02-17 | 克塞诺波特公司 | Gaba类似物的前药用于治疗疾病的用途 |
KR101103118B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-02 | 2012-01-04 | 동아제약주식회사 | 신규한 1,3-디히드로-5-이소벤조퓨란카르보니트릴 유도체 화합물 및 이를 함유하는 조루증 치료용 약학조성물 |
US9056850B2 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2015-06-16 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Process for the preparation of compounds useful as inhibitors of SGLT |
WO2010075863A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | University Of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool) | Arginase inhibitors for the treatment of depression |
US20110009347A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Yin Liang | Combination therapy for the treatment of diabetes |
DK2488515T3 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2017-02-27 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS USED AS INHIBITORS OF SGLT2 |
EP2377522B1 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-01-16 | Sanovel Ilaç Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Orally disintegrating tablet formulations of mirtazapine and process for preparing the same |
HUE029853T2 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2017-04-28 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Pharmaceutical formulations containing 1- (beta-D-Glucopyranosyl) -2-thienylmethylbenzene derivatives as SGLT inhibitors |
CA2832938C (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2019-09-03 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Process for the preparation of compounds useful as inhibitors of sglt2 |
KR101427221B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-08-13 | 주식회사 에스텍파마 | 플루복사민 자유 염기의 정제방법 및 이를 이용한 고순도 플루복사민 말레이트의 제조방법 |
SG11201706515QA (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-09-28 | Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc | 1-heterocyclyl isochromanyl compounds and analogs for treating cns disorders |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1017415C1 (nl) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-05-18 | Lundbeck & Co As H | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van Citalopram. |
IES20010157A2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-03-06 | Lundbeck & Co As H | Method for the preparation of citalopram |
CA2402553A1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-20 | H. Lundbeck A/S | Stepwise alkylation of 5-substituted 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans |
EA003581B1 (ru) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-06-26 | Х.Лундбекк А/С | Способ получения чистого циталопрама |
-
2002
- 2002-11-05 EP EP02802848A patent/EP1446396A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-05 MX MXPA04004368A patent/MXPA04004368A/es unknown
- 2002-11-05 CA CA002465186A patent/CA2465186A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-05 JP JP2003542167A patent/JP2005510518A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-05 HU HU0401934A patent/HUP0401934A3/hu unknown
- 2002-11-05 AU AU2002356903A patent/AU2002356903A2/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-05 CN CNA028220846A patent/CN1705654A/zh active Pending
- 2002-11-05 BR BR0213949-9A patent/BR0213949A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-05 KR KR1020047006982A patent/KR20050043776A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-05 IL IL16161702A patent/IL161617A0/xx unknown
- 2002-11-05 RU RU2004117211/04A patent/RU2004117211A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-05 PL PL02368452A patent/PL368452A1/xx unknown
- 2002-11-05 WO PCT/US2002/035408 patent/WO2003040121A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-05 NZ NZ532478A patent/NZ532478A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-05-05 ZA ZA200403409A patent/ZA200403409B/xx unknown
- 2004-05-07 US US10/842,055 patent/US20040266864A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-14 NO NO20042013A patent/NO20042013L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20042013L (no) | 2004-05-14 |
HUP0401934A2 (hu) | 2005-01-28 |
BR0213949A (pt) | 2004-08-31 |
IL161617A0 (en) | 2004-09-27 |
WO2003040121A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1446396A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
NZ532478A (en) | 2007-02-23 |
US20040266864A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
ZA200403409B (en) | 2005-10-26 |
KR20050043776A (ko) | 2005-05-11 |
MXPA04004368A (es) | 2004-08-11 |
JP2005510518A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
HUP0401934A3 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
CA2465186A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
PL368452A1 (en) | 2005-03-21 |
RU2004117211A (ru) | 2005-03-27 |
AU2002356903A2 (en) | 2003-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1117744C (zh) | 1-(1,2-双取代哌啶基)-4-取代哌嗪衍生物 | |
CN1041827C (zh) | 被取代的3-氨基奎宁环化合物的制备方法 | |
CN1102596C (zh) | 5H-噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶衍生物 | |
CN1113436A (zh) | 药物反应的增效作用 | |
CN1705654A (zh) | 使用对映体富集的西酞普兰去甲基和二去甲基代谢产物治疗抑郁症以及其它中枢神经病症的方法 | |
CN1735407A (zh) | 使用多巴胺重摄取抑制剂的方法和包含它们的组合物 | |
CN1805938A (zh) | 用于治疗5ht2c受体相关疾病的苯并氮杂卓衍生物 | |
CN1520290A (zh) | 含铜胺氧化酶的碳环肼基抑制剂 | |
CN1255136A (zh) | 取代的4-芳基亚甲基-2-亚氨基-2,3-二氢噻唑和衍生物及其药学应用 | |
JP2008536946A (ja) | うつ病の処置または予防のための新規の治療的組み合わせ | |
CN1845674A (zh) | 一种二肽基肽酶iv抑制剂的磷酸盐新晶体 | |
CN1708481A (zh) | 作为抗微生物剂的n-烷基-4-亚甲基氨基-3-羟基-2-吡啶酮 | |
CN1211982A (zh) | 托烷衍生物,其制备和应用 | |
CN1043763C (zh) | 莨菪烷衍生物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN1301970C (zh) | 2,4-取代吲哚和它们作为5-ht6调节剂的用途 | |
CN1280292C (zh) | 用作磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的被取代的四环吡咯并喹诺酮衍生物 | |
CN100349893C (zh) | 用作磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的取代2,4-二氢-吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-9-酮衍生物 | |
CN1950346A (zh) | N-去甲基氯氮平的晶形 | |
CN1117090C (zh) | 作为速激肽拮抗剂的n-酰基-2-取代的-4-(苯并咪唑基或咪唑并吡啶基取代的残基)哌啶 | |
CN1437602A (zh) | 供治疗基底松弛作用损伤的化合物 | |
CN1332740A (zh) | 用于抗抑郁疗法的5-ht1拮抗剂 | |
TW200823186A (en) | Chromane derivatives and uses thereof | |
CN1564686A (zh) | 8-氨基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-甲酰胺 | |
CN1181818C (zh) | 治疗原虫感染的方法 | |
CN1303085C (zh) | C6-和c9-取代的异噁唑啉衍生物和它们作为抗抑郁药的用途 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
AD01 | Patent right deemed abandoned | ||
C20 | Patent right or utility model deemed to be abandoned or is abandoned |