CN1685148A - 移动式风能和太阳能机组 - Google Patents

移动式风能和太阳能机组 Download PDF

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CN1685148A
CN1685148A CNA028293282A CN02829328A CN1685148A CN 1685148 A CN1685148 A CN 1685148A CN A028293282 A CNA028293282 A CN A028293282A CN 02829328 A CN02829328 A CN 02829328A CN 1685148 A CN1685148 A CN 1685148A
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彼得·亚历山大·约瑟夫斯·帕斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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    • F05B2240/142—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within in the form of a standard ISO container
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/94—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种移动式发电站。该发电站具有可移动机架(1)。该机架设有风轮机(2、3、4)和/或包含太阳能电池的太阳能电池板(10)以及用于存储电能和供应电能的存储装置。该风轮机和该太阳能板分别与该存储装置有效相连，以向其供应分别由风轮机和太阳能板所产生的电能。该存储装置包括电池和氢系统。该氢系统包括氢发生器、氢贮罐以及用于通过燃烧氢气产生电能的氢电池。这种移动式发电站特别是还具有太阳能收集板，其与一用于热水的热水器有效相连。

Description

移动式风能和太阳能机组
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有可移动机架的移动式发电站。
背景技术
具有一个其中可容纳发电站的可移动机架的移动式发电站是已知的。例如，可以考虑到一种可安装在拖车或卡车上的柴油发电机。
这种类型的移动式发电站特别是用于在没有电力网供电或电源供电连接点的地方产生能量，尤其是电能。然而，这种已知移动式发电站的缺点是，它们使用矿物燃料(例如柴油)，以便产生电能，并且在这些矿物燃料的燃烧过程中会产生废气，而这些废气释放到环境中并从而将有害或者至少不希望的物质带入到外界环境中。
发明内容
本发明的目的特别是提供一种移动式发电站，其可在任何地方普遍适用并可产生持续的能量而无需电力网供电，并且即使在没有外部能源(例如风和太阳)和任何其它外部能量供应的情况下也可连续自主地供应电能。
上述目的可通过根据本发明的具有可移动机架的移动式发电站实现，其设有：
风轮机(风力涡轮机)和/或
包含太阳能电池的太阳能电池板和
存储电能和传送电能的存储装置，
其中该风轮机和该太阳能板分别与该存储装置有效(或可操作地)相连，以便将由风轮机和太阳能板所产生的电能分别供应至所述存储装置，
其中该存储装置包括电池和氢系统，以及
其中氢系统包括氢发生器、氢贮罐和氢电池，该氢贮罐与该氢发生器有效相连，以用于存储利用该氢发生器所产生的氢气，该氢电池有效地与该氢贮罐相连，以用于通过燃烧氢气、更准确地说通过氢气的氧化生成水从而产生电能。该氢电池(也称作燃料电池)包括有膜片，其确保H2通过氧化还原反应与O2结合，在该氧化还原反应中，2×H2+O2的电子流产生2×H2O。H2和O2均经受了从中性粒子至带电粒子的转变，在它们的转变期间会释放离子。
本申请所提到的燃烧特别是指氢气的氧化以产生水。这也可以称作氢气向水的化学控制转变。
根据本发明的移动式发电站可借助于风轮机和/或太阳能电池板产生电能并将该电能供给至用户。如果用户并不是立即需要所产生的电能，或者所产生的电能超出了当时当地的需求，根据本发明的移动式发电站可将所产生的电能存储在存储装置中，以便随后在需要电能但却没有风和/或太阳可利用以分别借助于风轮机或者太阳能板产生电能或者当对电能的需求超过了当时当地分别由风轮机或者太阳能板所产生的能量时能够供应电能。为此，该存储装置包括电池和氢系统。当然，由多个蓄电池组成的电池具有占用相对较大体积的缺点，但是却具有在需要时可立即供给电能的优点。氢系统可形成更大的能量缓冲器。为此，该氢系统包括借助于供给的电能将水电解成氢气和氧气的氢发生器。这种氢发生器可以是所谓的氢氧化钾分解单元。该氢系统还包括氢贮罐，以用于存储由氢发生器所产生的氢气。在需要电能时，便可以从氢贮罐中取出氢气，以便将氢气供应至氢电池，其中氢气燃烧以产生电能。氢气的燃烧是一种清洁燃料或者氢气向水的100％清洁的化学控制转变，这对环境几乎没有或者根本没有相关不利之处。该电池优选还与氢电池有效相连，以便可在需要电能时使氢电池从静止状态转变为运转状态。这种类型的移动式发电站一方面可相对容易地设计为使得其可全部装入例如40英尺的海运容器中，并且另一方面可为家庭应用提供充足的电能。
有利的是，根据本发明的移动式发电站还包括太阳能收集板，其与用于热水的热水器有效相连。这样，该移动式发电站还可供应热水，水在热水器中借助于太阳能收集板中捕获的热量而被加热，并且可分配将要在所述热水器中被加热的水。该整体单元仍然可容易地容纳在所述40英寸容器中，同时供应热水的能力对于一般家庭而言是足够的。
为了允许移动式发电站自主运行，根据本发明，如果具有一个用于雨水的水箱则是优选的，该水箱经由过滤器系统(优选为膜式)与氢发生器有效相连，并优选地还与热水器相连。这样，可移动发电站与水源的连接便是多余的，并且除了雨量不足的情况之外，可完全省去水源。
根据本发明的一有利实施例，该可移动机架为一容器，例如20、30或40英尺的货运容器或者20、30或40英尺的海运容器。这样的容器相对便宜并且易于得到，而且还具有非常显著的优点，即因为它们的尺寸标准，因此它们易于放置在卡车、火车或轮船上并运输到目的地。
风轮机可与机架分离地竖立。然而，为了在目的地处简单、快速并且可靠地竖立移动式发电站起见，如果风轮机安装在机架上并从机架的顶部向上延伸或者至少可达到一个从机架的顶部向上延伸的有效(可操作)位置则是优选的。通过这种布置，风轮机(特别是其上安装有转子的支柱)可延伸穿过机架的顶部，以便被固定至机架的基底或者其它内部机架上。为了在一方面获得易于人工操作的可移动机架，并且在另一方面获得在待用位置处稳定的机架，根据本发明，如果机架具有块形底座并且在机架的相对侧面(尤其是相对的纵向侧面)上设有可展开的支架则是优选的。还可设有起重器(或支承件)以使之水平支承在地面上的可展开支架确保机架不会由于其顶部的风轮机而被吹翻。
根据本发明，存储装置有利地容纳在机架中并且机架带有通风件。这些通风件用于确保从电池或氢系统逸出的任何气体被排放到外面，以防止机架中出现爆炸性的气体混合物。
为了尽可能以最优的方式利用太阳能，优选的是，太阳能电池板和/或太阳能收集板被(或者至少被)安装在机架外面的铰链上。可以想到，可选地在运输过程中将太阳能电池板和/或太阳能收集板装在机架中，以防止它们被损坏。该铰接式安装使得太阳能电池板和/或太阳能收集板可以成角度地朝向太阳。通过这种布置，同样很容易想到，可以可选地将一控制设备结合至太阳能电池板和/或太阳能收集板上，以允许太阳能电池板或太阳能收集板随天上太阳的位置而变化。
附图说明
以下参照一在附图中概略性地示出的示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的移动式发电站的外部的高度概略性透视图；以及
图2示出了根据本发明的移动式发电站的内部的高度概略性透视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了根据本发明的移动式发电站的一实施例、更具体地说为一优选实施例的示例。
所示移动式发电站包括一可移动机架，该机架呈设有常规角铸件28和在一端具有两扇门15的40英尺海运容器1的形式。移动式发电站位于该容器1之中和之上的构造的主要优点在于，其使得可以利用已有的用于运输海运容器的装置运输该移动式发电站。
该移动式发电站在顶部设有风轮机2、3、4，它们可以由牵索13竖直地保持，并且可沿容器1的纵向降低，以便在水平位置上平放于支架8中。该风轮机包括伸缩支柱2、3，当竖立在使用位置时，它们从容器的顶部向上延伸，并且在其上设有一带有旋转叶片4的风轮机头。
容器1在一纵向侧面上设有面板10，并且可选的是，也可以在两个纵向侧面上均设有面板10。该面板10为一太阳能电池板。该太阳能电池板可借助于横杆14相对于容器1的相邻纵向壁打开，同时该面板绕着沿容器1的纵向延伸的铰链(或铰接件)29铰接。横杆14可构成控制设备的一部分，该控制设备装备为可随着天上太阳位置的变化而调节太阳能电池板相对于竖直方向的角度。通过以适当方式设计伸展机构14，可以想象，太阳能电池板10可绕着铰接轴29以大于90度的角度展开，以使得其面对处于附图页面右侧的太阳。
在容器1的顶部上设有太阳能收集板9，该太阳能收集板可借助于伸展臂12(例如可伸缩伸展臂12)置于一朝向太阳的倾斜(成角度)位置上。这些太阳能收集板9借助于沿着铰接轴30延伸的铰链与容器1相连，该铰接轴30在容器1的纵向上延伸。显然，可以在容器1的顶部上设有若干个太阳能收集板9，并且可以想象，可以在容器的一纵向侧面上设有若干个太阳能电池板10。同样非常易于想象的是，可以改变太阳能电池板10和太阳能收集板9的位置，以便将太阳能电池板10和太阳能收集板9均设在容器1的顶部上，或者将太阳能电池板10和太阳能收集板9均设在容器的一个或两个纵向侧面上以及进行它们的其它组合。
在容器1的顶部中还设有通风件11，其由排气口以及覆盖在其上以防止雨水进入的盖构成。
为了防止尤其是当强烈的风暴作用在风轮机1上时容器1被吹翻或翻倒，在容器1的两个纵向侧面上设置有可转动或摆动的支承系统5。该支承系统5由两个可绕着铰接轴6枢转并且在一公共点相交的臂构成，并且该点装备有在一可在竖直方向上调节的起重器7。在图1中，支承系统5以运输时的位置示出，此时其相对于容器1的纵向侧壁折叠。显然，支承系统5可相对于容器壁转过90度或者可选的更大角度。
容器1在外侧设有用于电能(或者更准确地说电力)的接线26以及用于热水的接线27，但是可选地也可设在其内侧。
参考图2，下述部件容纳在容器1的内部：
用于存储氢气H2的贮罐19，
用于产生和存储热水的热水器20，
用于雨水的存储容器21，该雨水尤其可借助于位于太阳能电池板10底部的排水沟16被收集，并且借助于泵被供给至雨水容器21，
氢发生器22，其具有氧气排出口23和通向氢贮罐19的氢气排出口24，
燃料电池17，其适于由通过管线25从贮罐19供应的氢气产生电能，
用于存储和供应电能的电池18。
根据本发明的移动式发电站可借助于设有太阳能电池的太阳能电池板10和/或风轮机2、3、4分别由太阳或风产生电能，并且由接线26将电能供应至用户和/或将电能存储在电池18中和/或借助于电能通过电解适当过滤过的雨水从而在氢发生器中产生氢气，该氢气由管线24供给至贮罐19以进行存储，同时还产生了氧气，该氧气由管线23排放入环境中。存储在贮罐19中的氢气可以根据对电能的需求而及时地以适宜方式供给至燃料电池17，以便在所述燃料电池中通过燃烧氢气而产生电能，该电能随后可供给至终端用户和/或供给至电池18，以存储在电池18中。电池18的电能和/或来自风轮机2、3、4或太阳能电池板10的电能可以用于起动燃料电池。显然，为上述有效连接的目的，需要敷设这里未示出的必要电缆(尤其是电线)并需要设置必要的变压器、控制系统等，这些变压器、控制系统等也未在此示出并且也未进一步论述，它们对于本领域的技术人员而言均是显而易见的和标准的。
可被认为是可选的太阳能收集器9和热水器20提供了使该移动式发电站也能满足对于热水的需要的可能性。热水器20中待加热水可来自雨水容器21，其经适当过滤，并且如果需要，还可进行适当的净化，而且该待加热水也可来自安装在容器1的外侧的存储容器(未示出)或者供水系统。循环经过一回路的水在太阳能收集器9中被太阳所加热，以便随后供给到热水器20并且在那里将热量通过热交换器(未示出)传递至容纳在热水器中的水，以使得在热交换之后再次返回到太阳能收集器9，从而再次从太阳吸收热量。
以下将给出根据本发明的移动式发电站的几个示例数值，其适于满足家庭需求。这些数值为：
—太阳能板10包含约24m2的太阳能电池；
—太阳能收集器9具有约12m2的表面积；
—风轮机可以是功率为1.5至3kW、例如约2.5kW的涡轮机；
—氢贮罐19可具有约5m3的容积并且可承受约25巴的工作压力；
—水箱可具有约2m3的容积。在该例子中，容纳雨水的水箱21的尺寸主要考虑氢发生器的足够容量而确定。在可选地存储在未示出的附加容器中之后，剩余的水可用于冲洗卫生间等。
当有太阳照射和风速为6m/s时，这种类型的移动式发电站可向一家庭提供最大负荷约为5,000瓦的电能。由于电池和存储的氢气的缘故，这种移动式发电站可在没有风和太阳时向家庭提供电能。电池18或多个电池18以及氢系统对此目的是非常有用的。
对于氢系统，在该例子中可以涉及到下述数值。当氢贮罐19充满至20巴时，大约100m3的氢气可用于产生电能。对于80％量级的产出，这可以产生约400kWh的电能。这对于一般家庭两个月的电能消耗(包括使用洗碗机和洗衣机)而言绰绰有余。
如果移动式发电站设有为此目的的适当连接或接线，氢贮罐19的氢气也可用于驱动车辆，例如汽车。该车辆将首先将氢气存储到其自身的贮罐中，以便可独立于容器1运行。
剩余的电能可选地直接供应至(电力网)供电系统。
为安全起见，在容器内设有特别是用于氢气的检测器，并可选地设有用于来自电池的气体的检测器以及与所述检测器相结合的报警系统或者用于容器内部通风的安全措施。
根据本发明的移动式发电站被视为一移动设备并且因而具有可移动特性(而非不可移动特性)。因此，在现有法律规划之下，这种设计不需要任何许可并且因而它无需通过官方途径便可大规模使用。
该容器可整饰为棕色和绿色，以使得其不会有损于周围风景。漂亮的颜色方案可掩饰其功能性并且在远处给人以花园棚的印象。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有可移动机架的移动式发电站，其设有：
风轮机和/或
包含太阳能电池的太阳能电池板和
存储电能和传送电能的存储装置，
其中该风轮机和该太阳能板分别与该存储装置有效相连，以分别将由该风轮机和该太阳能板产生的电能供应至所述存储装置，
其中该存储装置包括有电池和氢系统，以及
其中该氢系统包括氢发生器、氢贮罐和氢电池，该氢贮罐与该氢发生器有效相连，以用于存储利用该氢发生器所产生的氢气，该氢电池与该氢贮罐有效相连，以用于通过燃烧氢气产生电能。
2.如权利要求1所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，包含与一用于热水的热水器有效相连的太阳能收集板。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，包含用于雨水的水箱，其中该水箱通过优选为膜式的过滤器系统与该氢发生器有效相连，并还优选与该热水器相连。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，该可移动机架为一容器，例如20、30或40英尺的货运或海运容器。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，该风轮机安装在该机架上并从该机架的顶部向上延伸，或者至少可以达到一个从机架的顶部向上延伸的有效位置。
6.如权利要求5所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，该机架具有一块形底座，并且其中在该机架的相对侧面上、特别是相对的纵向侧面设有可展开支架。
7.如前述权利要求之一所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，该存储装置容纳在该机架中，并且该机架设有通风件。
8.如前述权利要求之一所述的移动式发电站，其特征在于，该太阳能电池板和/或太阳能收集板安装在或至少可安装在该机架的外侧的铰链上。
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US20060137348A1 (en) 2006-06-29
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CA2492705A1 (en) 2003-01-30

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