CN109477463A - 移动、独立、可扩展、自动部署、可监控、可远程再编程的发电系统 - Google Patents
移动、独立、可扩展、自动部署、可监控、可远程再编程的发电系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种移动、独立、可扩展、自动部署、可监控、可远程再编程的发电系统。系统包含一个用可再生能源生产电能的子系统、一个电能储存子系统、一个电能分配子系统,以及一个仪表与控制子系统,其元件可储存在可采用传统运输方式的一个或两个集装箱中。发电子系统由一台光伏发电机,一台风力涡轮机和一个燃料电池(可选)构成。储能子系统由数个电池和(可选)以金属氢化物形式存在的氢(能够通过燃料电池发电)构成。使用机械臂作为起重机即可在世界任何地方自动部署此系统,且系统在一开始已预定部署地点。
Description
发明领域
本发明是一种只使用可再生能源的移动式独立发电系统。
发明背景
移动式发电系统至少使用现有技术中的一种可再生能源。
文件ES 2 380 848描述了光伏太阳能发电设备,该设备可移动,可为远距离通信系统供电。
文件CA2 610 506描述了可在偏远地区使用的移动式发电设备,设备组件包括风力涡轮机、光伏太阳能电池板、一台柴油发电机和一个充电电池。
文件EP2 727 253描述了太阳能及风能发电系统,一种环保型便携式发电系统。该系统采用便携式外壳容纳太阳能模块。
文件US 7821 147描述了一种牵引式漂浮便携平台,可使用风能、水能、太阳能或将其结合来生产和储存电能。平台还包括一台备用柴油发电机。
上述所有系统均无法完全替代一般用于满足供电需求的柴油发电机,例如在完全使用可再生能源的常规供电系统故障后安装的柴油发电机。
本发明旨在解决这种及其他缺陷。
发明概要
本发明是一种移动式独立发电系统,其中包括一个用可再生能源生产电能的子系统、一个电能储存子系统、一个电能分配子系统,以及一个仪表与控制子系统,其元件可储存在可采用传统运输方式的一个或两个集装箱中。
电能生产子系统的完整实施例(以两个集装箱储存)包括一台光伏发电机、一台风能发电机和一个燃料电池,电池与使用电能生产和储存原位氢的一个系统相连接,该系统底部装有一个电解槽和一个储存罐来储存以金属氢化物形式存在的“固态”氢。
该子系统的另一种实施例(以一个集装箱储存)包括一台光伏发电机和一台风能发电机。电能储存子系统由数个电池构成,电池可利用系统产生的电能充电,以便在用电高峰期作为备用电能。
使用可或不可同时起作用的三到四种能量源(风、光伏、电池和燃料电池)可极大地提升系统性能,因为它们具有不同的响应时间、特定能量密度和功率密度,这意味着将其结合并妥善控制,即可产生满足载荷要求的必要协同效应。
氢储存系统和充电电池提供了巨大的能量储存容量(前者较大,因为其每单位重量和体积的能量密度比电池高),能够补偿太阳能和风能的内在间歇性及可变性质。
就其本身而言,同时使用三到四种能源能实现不同程度的能量流动,这有助于提高系统效率,从而缩小系统体积。
这是一种自动部署、可扩展、可监控、可再编程的系统。
系统的移动和独立性一方面依靠的是配置了数个光伏发电机模块,这使系统可以存入常规集装箱,另一方面是系统元件中包含一条机械手臂和两个末端效应器,二者耦合后可作为起重机,让整个系统在指定地面自动组装,尤其是光伏模块自动组装,或作为风能发电机的塔筒。
系统可扩展,也可以集成性质和架构相同或不同的其他系统,从而扩展至更高的功率和性能。
本发明的其他特性和优点请参阅下方带主题和图片的详细实施例说明。
图片简要说明
图1是移动式独立发电系统的方框图。
图2是系统实施例(元件以两个集装箱储存)的透视图。
图3是光伏发电机模块地面安装阶段的系统部分透视图。
图4是数个光伏发电机模块地面安装的透视图。
图5和图6是系统在指定位置安装后的透视图。
图7是系统安装在指定位置的透视图,其中包括光伏发电机模块在当年最不利时间的投射阴影。
本发明的详细描述
发电系统
按照图1所示实施例,移动式独立发电系统包括:
a)由一台光伏发电机11、一台风能发电机13和一个燃料电池17构成的发电子系统。燃料电池17使用储存罐19生产的氢,而储存罐19使用矿化水槽23,或与储存罐19相连的金属氢化物槽21提供的矿化水来生产氢。电解过程中产生的氢储存于储氧罐25。
b)由一个电池组15构成的储能子系统。
c)由一个直流电母线35构成的一个电能分配子系统,该母线一方面接收光伏发电机11、风能发电机13和燃料电池17生产的电能,并向/从电池组15供应/接收电能,另一方面可在其位置上供应直流电或交流电能(电流流向见图1中的粗线)。配电子系统包含变流器12、14、16、18、20、62、64,这些变流器可对系统每个元件中的电流特性进行必要变更。
d)由一个控制器37构成的仪表与控制子系统,该控制器与光伏发电机11、风能发电机13、电池组15和燃料电池17,以及系统不同分支中的传感器32、32′、34、34′、36、36′、38、38′、40、40′相连接,从而为控制器37提供发挥功能所需要的信息(仪表与控制子系统的数据和信号流向见图1中的细线)。仪表与控制子系统监控系统的所有变量,确保始终有电和充电,并可采用特定配置来远程管理系统。
四种能量源(风、光伏、电池和燃料电池)能极大地提升系统性能,原因是:
-它们具有不同的响应时间、特定能量密度和功率密度,这意味着将其结合并妥善控制,即可产生满足载荷要求的必要协同效应。
-氢的储存,金属氢化物槽21和电池组15可储存电能(金属氢化物槽21的容量更大,因为其每单位重量和体积的能量密度比电池组15高),从而能够补偿太阳能和风能的内在间歇性及可变性质。
-同时使用四种能源能实现不同程度的能量流动,这有助于提高系统效率,从而缩小系统体积。
系统的自动与独立性
图2-7展示了使用上述所有能源的系统实施例,可以看出,根据配置,系统可储存于两个标准20英尺集装箱31,33中(概略尺寸:2.60米x2.40米x6.00米),因而可以采用船运、航运、铁路或公路运输。
系统的所有元件将保存在集装箱31,33中,因而可实现安全运输,不会损害系统完整性。
光伏发电机11的基本元件为带有光伏板43的模块41,光伏板43预装在框架45中,因此模块41可采用折叠构型,从如图2所示存放于集装箱31中,或展开构型,从而可按图3所示以合适的倾角将光伏板43安装在地面上。为此,框架45配备了移动式锚定工具,可让光伏板43根据系统所在地的维度以适当角度倾斜,从而优化光伏发电效率。就其本身而言,集装箱31,33还配备了可展开锚脚46,稳定性有所提高。
光伏板43最好采用可作为混合光伏与太阳能集热器的CTI板(透明绝缘外罩),通过降低其温度,把将水加热至45-55℃所需的热量提取出来可提高光伏集热器的效率,使其供应卫生用热水。
此外,系统还包括一条机械手臂51(由一系列铰接式关节构成)和两个末端效应器,二者耦合后可作为起重机或风能发电机13的塔筒。机械手臂51的铰链式结构使其能够如图2所示折叠存入集装箱31中,以及连同第一个末端效应器展开成一个起重机(如图3),或连同支撑风力涡轮机53(如图5)的第二个末端效应器展开成风力发电机13的塔筒。
第一个末端效应器由带吊索57的吊钩55构成,可支撑和自动定位光伏发电机11的模块41,将吊索57的自由端与其框架45相连接,从而将其从集装箱31转移至指定位置,并通过展开框架45(如图4)来将其部署在地面上(如图3)以便进行后续安装。
将光伏发电机11的模块41安装在地面后,把第一个末端效应器从机械臂51中拔出,用第二个末端效应器与机械臂51耦合,然后将风能发电机13的风力涡轮机53安装在上面。
系统还可配置一根可安装在机械臂51上的天线(图中未显示),作为风能发电机13的塔筒与仪表与控制子系统相连,从而监控和远程再编程系统。
在第一个实施例中,机械臂51(用作起重机)由一个计算机系统控制,从而可根据系统所在地的经纬度,自动将模块41放置在集装箱31周围的预定位置。因此,工人只须用机械臂51(用作起重机)吊钩55的吊索57将模块41勾住或解开,以及展开其框架45。如图7所示,模块41必须精确安置到位,以防模块41在当年任何一天受其他模块41的阴影41′,以及集装箱31和33的阴影31′和33′影响,模块的自动定位功能大大降低了这一操作的难度。
在图2-7所示实施例中,集装箱33装载了燃料电池17及其氢供应系统的所有元件,集装箱31装载了系统的其他元件。
实施例
为作比较,下表展示了本系统实施例和一个20千瓦发电机组的不同参数
*31 930风能,30 820太阳能,27 000电池,5000氢。
**相当于0.808千克二氧化碳/千瓦时
系统各元件的相关数据如下所示。
按照标准20英尺集装箱(概略尺寸:2.60米x2.40米x6.0米),假设光伏板为275Wp,预计光伏发电总功率为22.25kWp。
电池组15有固定尺寸,因而可全天补偿低发电量时期的最大载荷需求,并在光伏和风能系统巅峰期内储存多余电能。预计18个电池(共4.75千瓦时——每个24伏/180安时)便足以维持30%的最低安全载荷阈值,并维持正能量平衡。
电解槽19将利用脱矿水槽23的水产生1000纳升/小时的氢和500纳升/小时的氧(耗能约为5千瓦),脱矿水槽23完全集成于系统,从而确保为电解槽19供应原料。如果在系统所在地无法获得脱矿水,则系统可额外添加一个水脱矿机以便为电解槽19供应脱矿水。为了让氢能够立即投入使用,我们考虑为集装箱31和33配备相应的饮用水槽(200升)和脱矿水槽(200升)。无需外部水源此举便可提供至少10天的初始供应量。我们认为10天的时间能更有效地最终解决脱矿厂的用水问题。
生产的氢将储存在五个金属氢化物气缸中,每个气缸的容量为5000纳升,填充压力为15巴,与电解槽19产生的相同。气缸在运输过程中一般会排空气体,以便进行必要的设备移动和部署,所以燃料和/或燃气加压运输的国内和国际标准并不适用。充氢/排氢子系统由仪表与控制子系统依靠合适阀门和传感器控制。
燃料电池17的功率为1500瓦且只会在无日照无风力的紧急情况下才会被使用,同时电池必须至少维持临界载荷。也就是说,燃料电池17是一个备用元件。
系统的优点
-可同时使用四种能源工作。
-产生的“废品”只有废水,而且废水可以回收和再利用,产生的“副产品”为氧,可用于战地医院等用途。
-可无间断地自动供应其预定功率载荷,自发从环境中产生必要电能。
-由于光伏发电机11和风能发电机13的元件可以在折叠运输和现场部署,所以此类发电机连同一个燃料电池17和一个电池组15可作为更稳定的能量来源,原地生产电能以供消耗和/或储存所用。
-氢储存罐21依靠金属氢氧化物可原地储存氢,以便在必要时消耗。它们的优点是不需要进行压缩或解压,从而减少设备和能量消耗。储存罐21的独立性能够保证燃料电池17在工作时间内的正常运作。
-用一个通信网络限制系统访问,即可在世界任何角落对系统进行监控和远程再编程。-系统运行的噪声和温度非常低(极低的声学和红外特征)。
-系统可使用类似或不类似的装置进行扩展(提高功率和性能),例如发电机组。
-系统的程序化机械臂可作为风能发电机的塔筒,也可作为起重机,所以系统可以自动部署。
尽管上文描述了本发明的多个实施例,但还是得说明本发明可以与不同要素相结合,在本发明范围内对其进行的变更和改良见下列附加权利要求。
Claims (8)
1.移动式独立发电系统的组件包括一个用可再生能源生产电能的子系统、一个电能储存子系统(由一个电池组(15)构成)、一个电能分配子系统、一个仪表与控制子系统,以及储存上述子系统的元件,协助将其运送至系统指定组装地点的工具,其中:
—上述储存工具是一或两个可用常规方式运输的集装箱;
—发电子系统包括一台配有多个模块(41)的光伏发电机(11),其中的光伏板(43)预先装在框架(45)中,因而模块(41)可采用折叠构型并储存在上述集装箱中,从而在系统指定位置进行安装;
—发电子系统还包括一台配备风力涡轮机(53)风能发电机(13);
—系统还包括一条机械手臂(51)(由一系列铰接式关节构成),机械臂可折叠存于上述集装箱中,或展开;以及两个末端效应器,机械臂(51)可与其耦合,作为起重机原地组装光伏发电机(11)的模块(41),或作为塔筒支撑风力涡轮机(53)。
2.按照权利要求1,在系统中:
—配电子系统是一个直流电母线(35),一方面与光伏发电机(11)和风能发电机(13)相连接以接收能量,与电池组(15)相连接以通过合适变流器(12、14、16)接收/排放电能,另一方面可通过合适变流器(62、64)与外部载荷相连接,62和64分别是具有相应预定特性的直流和交流电变流器;
—第一个集装箱(31)是系统的储存工具。
3.按照权利要求2,系统还包含一个通过合适变流器与直流电母线(35)相连的燃料电池(17),电池由一个电解槽(19)或由一个相连的金属氢化物储存罐(21)直接供应氢,以上所有元件均储存于第二个集装箱(33)。
4.按照权利要求2-3,上述两个集装箱(31、33)均为20英尺集装箱。
5.按照权利要求1-4中的任何一项,仪表与控制子系统包含了远程监控与再编程工具,其中包括一根可安装在风能发电机(13)塔筒上的天线。
6.按照权利要求1-5中的任何一项,机械臂(51)的第一个效应器配有一个吊钩(55)和吊索(57),通过对接吊索(57)各端与其框架(45),可支撑光伏发电机(11)的模块(41)。
7.按照权利要求1-6中的任何一项,系统配有一个自动引导机械臂(51)的计算机系统,机械臂与第一个效应器耦合后可根据系统所在地的经纬度,在预定位置组装光伏发电机(11)的模块(41)。
8.按照权利要求7,上述计算机系统可进行远程再编程。
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