CN1680243A - 非甾族糖皮质激素受体调节剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
非甾族糖皮质激素受体调节剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为非甾族糖皮质激素受体调节剂的式(I)化合物的制备方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2001年10月26日的中国专利申请01135596.4的分案申请,原申请的发明名称为“非甾族糖皮质激素受体调节剂的制备方法”。
本发明涉及非甾族糖皮质激素受体调节剂的制备方法。
传统上将核受体定义作为配体依赖转录因子家族,它们响应配体结合而被活化(R.M.Evans,240 Science,889(1988))。这个家族成员包括下述的受体:糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素、雄激素、黄体酮和雌激素。这些受体天然存在的配体是在健康和许多疾病中起重要作用的低分子量的分子。这些配体的过量或缺少可能引起严重的生理后果。如糖皮质激素过量会导致库兴氏综合症,而糖皮质激素不足会导致阿狄森病。
糖皮质激素受体(GR)存在于糖皮质激素响应细胞中,在这里它以非活化态存在于胞质中,直至它被激动剂刺激为止。在刺激后,糖皮质激素受体就转移到细胞核中,在那里与DNA和/或蛋白质进行特异性的相互作用,并以糖皮质激素响应方式调节转录。同糖皮质激素受体相互作用的两个蛋白质的例子是转录因子API和NFk-B。这种相互作用导致API和NFk-B介导的转录的抑制,被认为与内源给予的糖皮质激素的某些抗炎症活性相关。此外,糖皮质激素还可以起到独立于核转录的生理作用。生物学上相关的糖皮质激素受体激动剂包括皮质醇和皮质酮。己有许多合成的糖皮质激素受体激动剂,包括地塞米松、泼尼松和氢泼尼松。根据定义,糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂结合到受体上,并防止糖皮质激素受体激动剂结合和引发GR介导的活动,包括转录。RU486是非选择性糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂的一个实例。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物的制备方法:
该方法包含在1,1’-羰基二咪唑存在下使式(II)化合物:
同下式酰胺反应:
本发明进一步涉及式(II)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在极性质子溶剂中,使式(III)化合物:
同氢氧化钠水溶液反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(III)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在催化剂存在下使式(IV)化合物:
同氢反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(IV)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(V)化合物:
同三氟甲基丙炔反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(V)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在催化剂和碳酸钾存在下使式(VI)化合物:
同氢反应。
本发明还涉及式(VI)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在催化剂存在下使式(VII)化合物:
同氰化物源反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(VII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(VIII)化合物:
同甲醇钠反应。
本发明还涉及式(VIII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(IX)化合物:
同甲基乙烯基酮反应。
本发明还涉及式(IX)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(X)化合物:
同吡咯烷反应,接着使得到的吡咯烷烯胺中间体同苄基卤反应。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含:
(a)使式(X)化合物
同吡咯烷反应,接着使得到的吡咯烷烯胺中间体同苄基卤反应,形成化合物IX:
(b)所形成的式IX化合物同甲基乙烯基酮反应,形成式(VIII)化合物:
(c)所形成的式VIII化合物同甲醇钠反应,形成式(VII)化合物:
(d)所形成的式VII化合物在催化剂存在下同氰化物源反应,形成式VI化合物:
(e)在催化剂和碳酸钾存在下,还原如此形成的式VI化合物,形成式(V)化合物:
(f)所形成的式V化合物同三氟甲基丙炔反应,形成式IV化合物:
(g)在催化剂存在下用氢还原所形成的式IV化合物,形成式III化合物:
(h)所形成的式III化合物在极性质子溶剂中同氢氧化钠水溶液反应,形成式II化合物,
(i)所形成的式II化合物在1,1’-羰基二咪唑存在下同下式的酰胺反应:
本发明涉及式(VIII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XXII)化合物:
同甲基乙烯基酮反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(XXII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XXIII)化合物:
同苄基卤反应。
本发明还涉及式(XXIII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(X)化合物:
同式XXIV的胺反应:
本发明涉及式(XX)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(VII)化合物:
同硼烷或硼酸盐反应。
本发明涉及式(XVII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XVIII)化合物:
同下式化合物反应:
本发明进一步涉及式(XVIII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XIX)化合物:
同三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲烷反应。
本发明涉及式(XXVII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XI)化合物:
在1,1’-羰基二咪唑存在下同下式胺反应:
本发明进一步涉及式(XI)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XII)化合物:
在极性质子溶剂中同氢氧化钠水溶液反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(XII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在催化剂存在下用氢还原式(XIII)化合物:
本发明进一步涉及式(XIII)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(XIV)化合物:
同三氟甲基丙炔反应。
本发明进一步涉及式(XIV)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含在催化剂存在下用氢还原式(XV)化合物:
本发明进一步涉及式(XV)化合物的制备方法,
该方法包含使式(VII)化合物:
同氰化物源反应。
本发明涉及下式(VII)化合物:
本发明涉及下式(VI)化合物:
本发明涉及下式(V)化合物:
本发明涉及下式(IV)化合物:
本发明涉及下式(III)化合物:
本发明涉及下式(II)化合物:
制备A
制备A(续)
制备B
制备C
制备D
制备D(续)
制备D(续)
制备D(续)
图解1
图解1(续)
图解1(续)
图解1(续)
图解1(续)
在制备
A的反应1中,在极性非质子溶剂如甲苯存在下使化合物X与下式XXIV胺化合物反应:
可使化合物X转化为相应的式XXIII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约90℃到大约150℃之间,优选大约115℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时之间,优选大约2小时。
在制备
A的反应2中,在碱如二异丙基酰胺锂和酸如甲磺酸存在下,使式XXIII化合物与苄基卤如苄基溴反应,可使式XXIII化合物转化为相应的式XXII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约-78℃到大约室温之间,优选大约25℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约2小时。
在制备
A的反应3中,在酸如硫酸和极性非质子溶剂如甲苯存在下,使化合物XXII与甲基乙烯基酮反应,可将式XXII化合物转化为相应的式VIII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约-40℃到大约180℃,优选大约38℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约2小时。
在制备
B的反应1中,首先在极性溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,用碱如正丁基锂处理化合物VII。反应在搅拌下进行,反应温度在大约-100℃到大约-70℃之间,优选大约-78℃,反应时间在大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约2小时。然后将硼烷如二苯基硼烷或硼酸盐加到该反应混合物中,并在过氧化氢存在下加入氢氧化钠。将所得到的反应混合物在大约-20℃到大约0℃之间、优选大约-10℃下搅拌大约0.5小时到大约12小时、优选大约2小时,从而可使式VII化合物转化为相应的式XX化合物。
在制备
C的反应1中,在四丁基氟化铵和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,使化合物XIX与三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲烷反应,可将式XIX化合物转化为相应的式XVIII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约-78℃到大约室温之间,优选大约-10℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约2小时。
在制备
C的反应2中,在碱存在下,使化合物XVIII与下式化合物反应:
可将式XVIII化合物转化为相应的式XVII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,反应温度在大约-10℃到大约室温之间,优选大约25℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约2小时。
在制备
D的反应1中,在钯偶合试剂如四(三苯基膦)钯(0)和极性质子溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺存在下,使化合物XVI与氰化物源如氰化锌反应,可将式XVI化合物转化为相应的式XV化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约25℃到大约150℃之间,优选大约80℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约4小时。
在制备
D的反应2中,在大约20psi到大约100psi之间、优选大约60psi的压力下,在催化剂如披钯木炭和极性溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,用氢还原化合物XV,接着用酸如盐酸处理该反应混合物,可使式XV化合物转化为相应的式XIV化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约0℃到大约100℃之间,优选大约25℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约6小时。
在制备
D的反应3中,在碱如叔丁醇钾和极性溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,使化合物XIV与三氟甲基丙炔反应,可使式XIV化合物转化为相应的式XIII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约-78℃到大约25℃之间,优选大约-10℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约1小时。
在制备
D的反应4中,在大约10psi到大约50psi之间、优选大约20psi的压力下,在催化剂如披钯木炭存在下,用氢还原化合物XIII,可使式XIII化合物转化为相应的式XII化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约0℃到大约100℃之间,优选大约25℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约6小时。
在制备
D的反应5中,使化合物XII在乙醇中与50%的氢氧化钠水溶液反应,可使式XII化合物转化为相应的式XI化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约60℃到大约100℃之间,优选大约80℃,时间为大约0.5小时到大约12小时,优选大约6小时。
在制备
D的反应6中,在1,1’-羰基二咪唑和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,使化合物XI与下式胺化合物反应:
可使式XI化合物转化为相应的式XXVII化合物。加热回流进行反应,时间在大约1小时到大约3小时,优选大约2小时。
在图解
1的反应1中,在非质子溶剂如甲苯存在下,使化合物X与吡咯烷反应。反应温度被加热到大约80℃到大约150℃之间,优选115℃,时间大约1小时到大约3小时,优选大约2小时。然后使所得到的吡咯烷烯胺中间体在非质子溶剂如甲苯中与苄基溴反应,反应温度在大约80℃到大约100℃之间,优选大约90℃,时间在大约30分钟到大约3小时,优选大约2小时,从而可将式X化合物转化为相应的式IX化合物。
在图解
1的反应2中,首先在大约25℃到大约110℃之间、优选100℃下,在水和非质子溶剂如甲苯中加热化合物IX,时间大约1小时到大约3小时,优选大约2小时。然后将S-(-)α-甲基苄胺加入到该反应混合物中,将所得溶液加热到大约80℃到大约150℃之间,优选大约115℃。然后使形成的中间体同甲基乙烯基酮反应。接着搅拌该反应混合物,温度在大约0℃到大约-20℃之间,优选大约-10℃,时间为大约10分钟到大约30分钟,优选大约20分钟,从而可使式IX化合物转化为式VIII化合物。
在图解
1的反应3中,首先在极性质子溶剂如乙醇存在下,用甲醇钠处理化合物VIII。搅拌该反应混合物,温度在大约室温到大约80℃之间,时间为大约1小时到大约3小时,优选大约2小时。然后将该反应混合物加到乙酰氯的乙醇溶液中,搅拌所得的反应混合物,温度在大约-10℃到大约10℃之间,优选大约0℃,时间为大约15分钟到大约1小时,优选大约30分钟,从而可将式VIII化合物转化为相应的式VII化合物。
在图解
1的反应4中,在催化剂如四(三苯基膦)钯(0)和极性溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺存在下,使化合物VII与氰化物源如氰化锌反应,可使式VII化合物转化为相应的式VI化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约70℃到大约90℃之间,优选约80℃,时间为大约10小时到大约14小时,优选大约12小时。
在图解
1的反应5中,在催化剂如披钯木炭、碳酸钾和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,用氢还原化合物VI,可使式VI化合物转化为相应的式V化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,压力在大约40psi到大约100psi之间,优选大约60psi,温度为室温,时间为大约4小时到大约6小时,优选大约5小时。
在图解
1的反应6中,在叔丁醇钾和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,使化合物V与三氟甲基丙炔反应,可使式V化合物转化为相应的式IV化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约-20℃到大约0℃之间,优选大约-10℃。
在图解
1的反应7中,在催化剂如披钯木炭和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,用氢还原化合物IV,可使式IV化合物转化为相应的式III化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,压力从大约10psi到大约30psi之间,优选大约20psi,温度为室温,时间为大约2小时到大约7小时,优选大约5.5小时。
在图解
1的反应8中,在极性质子溶剂如乙醇存在下,使化合物III与氢氧化钠水溶液反应,可使式III化合物转化为相应的式II化合物。反应在搅拌下进行,温度在大约70℃到大约90℃之间,优选大约80℃,时间为大约12小时到大约18小时,优选大约15小时。
在图解
1的反应9中,在1,1’-羰基二咪唑和极性非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃存在下,使化合物II与下式胺反应:
可使式II化合物转化为相应的式I化合物。加热回流进行反应,时间在大约1小时到大约3小时,优选大约2小时。
实验部分
除非另有说明,所有试剂都是市场上可买到的,无需纯化即可使用。用Thomad Hoover毛细管熔点仪测定熔点,未校正。用UNITYplus-400(400MHz)分光光度计在氚氯仿、丙酮-d6或DMSO-d6中获得NMR光谱。在Nicolet Avatar 360 FT-IR上记录红外光谱。用Perkin Elmer 241旋光仪测定旋光性。用M-Scan Inc.,West Chester,PA获得质谱。由Schwarzkopf Microanalytical Laboratory,Woodside,NY.进行元素分析。
实施例1
1-(1(RS)-苄基-6-溴-3,4-二氢-1H-亚萘-2-基)-吡咯烷鎓溴化物
将溴代四氢萘酮的亚硫酸氢盐加成物(250g,760mmol)的饱和碳酸氢钠(1.25L)和乙酸乙酯(2.5L)溶液剧烈搅拌过夜。分离各相,将有机相转移至新的烧瓶中,加入甲苯(1L)。减压蒸馏该溶液使体积至大约为500ml。另外加入500ml甲苯,减压蒸馏至体积大约为300ml。将溶液冷却至室温,加入吡咯烷(54.1g,760mmol)。在Dean-Stark条件下,加热至150℃进行反应。两小时后大约收集到13ml水,浓缩小量样品进行NMR分析表明反应已经完成。将吡咯烷烯胺的甲苯溶液冷却至90℃,向其中滴加苄基溴(105ml,912mmol)。30分钟后固体开始形成颗粒,溶液变得非常粘稠。加入500ml甲苯以利于搅拌,并在90℃继续加热2小时。使浆液冷却至室温,并粒化过夜。过滤出固体,用甲苯洗涤(2次,500ml),在真空烘箱中(50℃)干燥过夜,收集棕色固体:250g,(557mmol),产率73%;mp 203-205℃;IR(膜)υ1654,1596cm-1;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.25(s,1H),7.17-7.13(m,3H),7.08(dd,1H,J=8.3,1.7Hz),6.98-6.93(m,2H),6.68(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),4.29(dd,1H,J=7.5,7.5Hz),4.25-4.17(m,2H),3.95-3.86(m,1H),3.62-3.49(m,2H),3.27(dd,1H,J=13.7,6.6Hz),3.14-3.05(m,3H),2.07-1.95(m,3H),1.92-1.84(m,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ189.2,137.2,136.1,132.2,131.2,130.9,130.6,129.8,129.2,127.8,122.1,55.1,55.2,51.3,39.3,34.0,25.6,24.9,24.2.
元素分析:C21H22BrN,计算值:C,56.15;H,5.16;N,3.12。实测值:C,55.64;H,5.22;N,3.22。
实施例2
1(R)-苄基-5-溴-9(S)-氢-10(R)-羟基-10(R)-甲基-三环[7.3.1.0
2,7
]
十三碳-2,4,6-三烯-13-酮
将1-(1(RS)-苄基-6-溴-3,4-二氢-1H-亚萘-2-基)-吡咯烷鎓溴化物(245g,545mmol)的甲苯(275ml)和水(275ml)溶液于100℃下加热2小时,然后冷却至室温。分离各相,水相用甲苯洗涤(250ml)。合并的有机相与(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄胺(71ml,545mmol)一起在Dean-stak条件下加热至150℃。在收集250ml甲苯和水之后使反应冷却至室温并搅拌过夜。使溶液冷却至-10℃,在15分钟内向其中滴加通过减压下碳酸钾蒸馏得到的新鲜甲基乙烯基酮(50ml,600mmol)。加完后反应物于-10℃搅拌20分钟,然后温热至室温。将溶液加热至38℃,用NMR监测。7小时后,不再有起始物质检出,将反应冷却至室温。加入10%的硫酸(750ml),将溶液搅拌过夜,在此期间由溶液中沉淀出固体,过滤出这些固体,用水(500ml)和异丙基醚(1000ml)洗涤。在真空烘箱中(45℃)干燥过夜后,收集浅棕色固体:159g(413mmol),产率76%;mp 154-155℃;IR(膜)υ 3412,1717cm-1;[α]25 D-48.75;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.26-7.19(m,2H),7.13-7.08(m,2H),7.06-7.00(m,4H),3.72(d,1H,J=15.8Hz),3.35(dd,1H,J=18.0,6.6Hz),3.12(d,2H,J=15.8Hz),3.11(d,1H,J=18.0Hz),2.66(d,1H,J=6.6Hz),2.28(ddd,1H,J=13.1,13.1,4.5Hz),2.06(bs,1H),1.67(ddd,1H,J=13.1,4.5,2.7Hz),1.57-1.50(m,1H),1.44-1.38(m,1H),1.36(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ212.9,139.6,138.4,136.8,130.5,130.4,130.4,128.7,128.1,125.8,120.6,79.3,58.4,54.2,41.9,38.5,34.0,32.9,28.1.
元素分析:C21H21BrO2,计算值:C,65.46;H,5.49.实测值:C,65.42;H,5.44。通过单晶X-射线分析可确认该化合物的结构和绝对构型。
实施例3
4a(S)-苄基-7-溴-2-乙氧基-3,4,4a,9-四氢-菲
将甲醇钠(8.4g,156mmol)缓慢地加入1-(1(RS)-苄基-6-溴-3,4-二氢-1H-亚萘-2-基)-吡咯烷鎓溴化物(60g,156mmol)的2B乙醇溶液(540ml)中,于80℃搅拌4小时。HPLC结果显示起始物质已经消耗完,将反应物冷却至-10℃。将乙酰氯(33ml,467mmol)的2B乙醇(180mL)溶液也冷却至-10℃。将反应混合物缓慢地加到乙酰氯溶液中,使温度保持在大约0℃。加入完成后,使得到的固体于0℃下颗粒化1小时。过滤出固体,用2B乙醇洗涤(2次,100ml),并置入真空烘箱于室温下过夜。得到的固体含有7.59%氯化钠粉末,不必纯化可直接使用。在真空烘箱中干燥过夜(室温)后,得到浅黄色固体:56.1g(131mmol),产率84%;mp 134-135℃;IR(膜)υ1656,1631cm-1;[α]25 D+170.68;
1H NMR(丙酮-d6)δ7.37-7.32(m,2H),7.11-7.05(m,2H),7.01-6.95(m,2H),6.53(d,2H,J=7.1Hz),5.49(dd,1H,J=5.8,2.5Hz),5.47(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),3.91(q,2H,J=7.1Hz),3.03(d,1H,J=12.5Hz),2.91(dd,1H,J=21.6,5.8Hz),2.77-2.69(m,1H),2.68(d,1H,J=12.5Hz),2.59(dd,1H,J=12.9,6.0Hz),2.27(dd,1H,J=17.1,6.0Hz),2.13(d,1H,J=21.6Hz),1.79(ddd,1H,J=12.9,12.9,5.8Hz),1.32(t,3H,J=7.1Hz);13C NMR(丙酮-d6)δ155.2,141.1,140.1,137.8,136.2,130.7,129.9,128.8,127.9,127.1,126.0,119.3,118.7,98.9,62.5,44.3,41.9,32.4,30.0,25.6,14.3.
元素分析:C23H23BrO,计算值:C,69.88;H,5.86。实测值:C,70.20;H,5.84。
实施例4
4b(S)-苄基-7-乙氧基-4b,5,6,10-四氢-菲-2-腈
将氰化锌(13.4g,114mmol)加入到4a(S)-苄基-7-溴-2-乙氧基-3,4,4a,9-四氢-菲(30g,75.9mmol)的DMF溶液(200ml)中,接着加入处于配备有漂白洗涤系统的烧瓶中的四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(10.5g,9.11mmol)。用另外的二甲基甲酰胺(400ml)冲洗烧瓶的侧面和漏斗。将悬浮液加热至80℃。7小时后,HPLC结果显示已经没有起始物质,将反应物冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯(300ml)稀释悬浮液,通过Celite板过滤。滤液用2N氢氧化铵(2次,500ml)、盐水(500ml)和水(500ml)洗涤,加入水后开始沉淀出固体,因此再加入乙酸乙酯(200ml)。将有机层浓缩至1/2体积,用乙醇(250ml)和水(250ml)稀释。使得到的固体粒化1小时,然后过滤。缓慢浓缩母液,可收集到第二批产品。合并的产品空气干燥过夜后收集到白色固体:24.9g(72.9mmol),产率96%;mp 164-165℃;IR(膜)υ2227,1657,1631cm-1;[α]25 D+160.06;
1H NMR(丙酮-d6)δ7.62-7.56(m,2H),7.29(s,1H),7.09-7.06(m,1H),7.01-6.95(m,2H),6.51(d,2H,J=7.1Hz),5.54(dd,1H,J=5.4,2.0Hz),5.49(d,1,J=1.6Hz),3.91(q,2,J=7.1Hz),3.07(d,1,J=12.5Hz),2.99(dd,1,J=21.6,5.8Hz),2.81-2.72(m,1H),2.73(d,1H,J=12.5Hz),2.65(dd,1H,J=13.7,6.6Hz),2.29(dd,1H,J=17.8,5.4Hz),2.15(d,1H,J=21.6Hz),1.83(ddd,1H,J=12.8,12.8,6.2Hz),1.33(t,3H,J=7.1Hz);13C NMR(丙酮-d6)δ155.3,147.4,138.9,137.4,136.0,131.0,130.7,129.5,127.2,127.0,126.2,119.0,118.4,109.5,98.8,62.5,44.2,42.5,32.1,29.9,25.5,14.3.
元素分析:C24H23NO,计算值:C,84.42;H,6.79;N,4.10。实测值:C,83.82;H,6.87;N,4.04。通过单晶X-射线分析可确认该化合物的结构和绝对构型。
实施例5
4b(S)-苄基-7-氧代-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈
在水湿润的5%披钯木炭(7.0g)和碳酸钾(7.0g)的THF(100ml)溶液中加入4b(S)-苄基-7-乙氧基-4b,5,6,10-四氢菲-2-腈(35.0g,103mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(600ml)。在氢气压力为50psi下,把得到的浆液转移至带有塔顶搅拌器的1L氢化器中,5小时后通过HPLC不再检测出起始物质,反应混合物通过Celite板过滤。滤液用1N盐酸(70ml)稀释,放置1小时后,用HPLC检测不出乙烯基醚。溶液用乙酸乙酯(700ml)、水(700ml)和盐水(100ml)稀释并进行相分离。用水(700ml)和盐水(700ml)洗涤有机层,减压浓缩有机层至大约500ml,加入乙酸乙酯(500ml),再次将溶液浓缩至300ml左右。向剧烈搅拌的溶液中一次加入己烷(1L)。使得到的固体粒化1小时,然后过滤。HPLC分析显示存在一些杂质,因此,使固体在己烷(75ml)和乙酸乙酯(25ml)中再次粒化24小时。过滤出固体,空气干燥。浓缩母液后得到橙色固体,使其在乙酸乙酯(15ml)和己烷(85ml)中粒化24小时。收集固体,与第一批产品合并。空气干燥过夜后收集得到白色固体:18g(57.1mmol),产率56%;mp 128-129℃;IR(膜)υ2226,1713cm-1;[α]25 D-252.50;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.43(s,1H),7.21-7.08(m,4H),6.58(d,2H,J=7.1Hz),6.40(d,1H,J=7.9Hz),3.21(d,1H,J=13.3Hz),3.13-2.97(m,2H),2.85(ddd,1H,J=14.9,14.9,6.2Hz),2.80(d,1H,J=14.1Hz),2.66-2.51(m,2H),2.60(d,1H,J=14.1Hz),2.45-2.40(m,1H),2.24-2.16(m,1H),2.09-1.98(m,1H),1.83-1.76(m,1H),1.61(dd,1H,J=14.1,14.1,5.4Hz);13CNMR(CDCl3)δ210.1,147.6,137.3,136.5,133.1,130.9,128.4,128.1,128.0,127.0,119.3,110.4,44.5,42.7,40.7,38.2,36.2,33.0,28.0,24.7.
元素分析:C22H21NO,计算值:C,83.77;H,6.71;N,4.44。实测值:C,83.76;H,6.90;N,4.40。通过单晶X-射线分析可确认该化合物的结构和绝对构型。
实施例6
4b(S)-苄基-7(R)-羟基-7(R)-三氟丙-1-炔基
-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈
在冷却至-10℃的4b(S)-苄基-7-氧代-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈(20g,63.4mmol)的四氢呋喃(320ml)溶液中加入3,3,3-三氟-1-丙炔(42ml,~3M四氢呋喃溶液,127mmol)。通过加料漏斗向溶液中加入叔丁醇钾(12.7ml,1.0M四氢呋喃溶液,12.7mmol)以使温度保持在大约-10℃(7分钟左右)。加入完成后,HPLC分析显示起始物质已经消耗完,所得到的产物为10∶1非对映异构体。加水(1.14ml,63.4mmol)使反应停止,并温热至室温。得到的溶液可以粗产品形式使用。用饱和氯化铵(200ml)和盐水(2次,200ml)洗涤有机相开始分离,干燥有机相(硫酸钠),滗析和浓缩。在高真空下干燥过夜后,收集得到浅棕色泡沫状固体:mp73-75℃;IR(膜)υ3409,2275,2230cm-1;[α]25 D-196.02;1H NMR(主要的非对映体(CDCl3)δ7.44(s,1H),7.18-7.07(m,4H),6.51(d,2H,J=7.1Hz),6.41(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),3.09-3.00(m,3H),2.60(d,1H,J=13.3Hz),2.27-2.20(m,3H),2.08-1.93(m,4H),1.90-1.80(m,1H),1.47-1.41(m,1H);13C NMR(主要的非对映体)(CDCl3)δ148.8,137.5,136.8,133.1,131.0,128.1,127.9,127.8,126.7,119.4,114.3(q,J=257.1Hz),110.0,90.4(q,J=6.1Hz),72.1(q,J=54.1Hz),69.1,41.4,40.5,39.5,35.9,35.4,30.0,27.3,23.8.
HRMS(E1)质子化的C25H22F3NO,计算值:m/e 410.1732,实测值:m/e410.1758。
另一个合成方法:将2(1.0g,3.17mmol)和16(726mg,3.49mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液冷却至-15℃,缓慢加入TBAF(3.49ml,1.0M四氢呋喃溶液,3.49mmol),使温度保持在-10℃以下。加完后,HPLC分析显示为7∶1的非对映异构体,更倾向轴向丙炔的立体化学。加水(63mg,3.49mmol)使反应停止,并温热至室温。得到的反应混合物可不经进一步分离或纯化而直接使用。其所有特征与由上述方法分离的化合物相同。
实施例7
4b(S)-苄基-7(S)-羟基-7(S)-(3,3,3-三氟丙基)
-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈
向处于帕尔烧瓶中的4b(S)-苄基-7(R)-羟基-7(R)-三氟丙-1-炔基-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈(17.3g,42.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(245ml)溶液中加入湿润的5%披钯木炭(2.0g)的四氢呋喃(5ml)浆液。于20psi氢气压力下将反应混合物放置于帕尔振荡器上进行反应。2.5小时后,氢气吸收放缓,再过3小时后停止。通过Celite板过滤反应混合物,浓缩滤液。在高真空干燥过夜后,收集得到浅棕色泡沫状固体:mp 70-72℃;IR(膜)υ3454,2228cm-1;[α]25 D-180.73;1H NMR(CDCl3)(主要的非对映体)δ7.42(s,1H),7.17-7.07(m,4H),6.51(d,2H,J=6.7Hz),6.39(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),3.13(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),3.12-2.96(m,2H).2.57(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),2.26-2.10(m,3H),2.06(ddd,1H,J=14.1,14.1,3.8Hz),2.03-1.67(m,8H),1.23(ddd,1H,J=14.1,14.1,3.3Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3)(主要的非对映体)δ149.4,137.5,137.0,133.0,131.0,128.1,128.0,127.9,127.8(q,J=275.2Hz),126.6,119.5,110.0,71.4,41.2,40.9,39.3,35.6,34.5,29.9,29.6,28.3(q,J=28.6Hz),27.3,24.2.
HRMS(EI)质子化的C25H26F3NO,计算值:m/e 414.2045,实测值:m/e414.2050。
实施例8
4b(S)-苄基-7(S)-羟基-7(S)-(3,3,3-三氟丙
基)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-羧酸
将4b(S)-苄基-7(S)-羟基-7(S)-(3,3,3-三氟丙基-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-腈(10g,24.2mmol)的2B乙醇(200ml)和50%氢化钠(25ml)溶液加热至80℃。15小时后,HPLC分析显示已经没有起始物质或中间体酰胺。将溶液冷却至0℃,向其中滴加浓盐酸直到pH达到6.3。得到的溶液用乙酸乙酯(2次,250ml)洗涤,将合并的有机相浓缩至50ml左右。通过加料漏斗缓慢加入己烷(200ml),产生固体,使之粒化。过滤出固体,使母液再次在结晶条件下结晶,得到第二批产品,将其加入到第一批产品中。空气干燥过夜后收集得到白色固体,HPLC分析显示其不含可观察到的非对映异构体:6.5g(15.1mmol),三个步骤的产率为63%;mp 128-130℃;IR(膜)υ2938,1689cm-1;[α]25 D-143.10;
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ12.74(bs,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.34(dd,1H,J=8.3,1.6Hz),7.10-7.03(m,3H),6.49(d,2H,J=7.9Hz),6.34(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),4.65(bs,1H),3.07(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),3.06-2.90(m,2H),2.56(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),2.30-2.17(m,2H),2.04-1.95(m,2H),1.86-1.77(m,1H),1.70-1.59(m,6H),1.54(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),1.21-1.07(m,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ172.2,150.1,137.2,136.5,131.3,131.0,131.0,127.8,127.8(q,J=276.5Hz),127.3,126.5,126.3,71.8,41.3,40.9,39.5,35.7,34.6,30.0,29.6,28.3(q,J=29.0Hz),27.5,24.5.
元素分析:C25H27F3O3,计算值:C,69.43;H,6.29;F,13.18.实测值:C,69.77;H,7.02;F,12.02。
实施例9
4b(S)-苄基-7(S)-羟基-7(S)-(3,3,3-三氟丙
基)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-羧酸(2-甲基-吡啶-3-基甲
基)-酰胺
向4b(S)-苄基-7(S)-羟基-7(S)-(3,3,3-三氟丙基)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a(R),9,10-八氢-菲-2-羧酸(1.0g,2.31mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(20ml)中加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(450mg,2.77mmol)。回流反应2小时后,HPLC分析(1mL/min;中间体,8.3分钟)显示没有起始物质。反应物冷却至室温后,加入溶解于四氢呋喃(1mL)中的胺(339mg,2.77mmol)。室温下3小时后,HPLC分析(1mL/min,CP-628006T,4.7分钟)显示没有中间体。向溶液中加水(50ml)和乙酸乙酯(50ml)进行相分离。有机相用饱和氯化铵(2次,50ml)洗涤并浓缩。将得到的浅棕色泡沫溶解于热丙酮,过滤出无机盐。浓缩滤液,将得到的物质悬浮于乙酸乙酯(15ml)中。在蒸汽浴中加热得到的浆液,直至留下5ml左右的乙酸乙酯。将悬浮液冷却至室温,使沉淀的固体粒化过夜。过滤固体,使母液再次经历相同的结晶过程,得到第二批产品,将其与第一批产品合并。空气干燥过夜后收集得到白色固体:851mg(1.59mmol);产率69%;HPLC分析(25%乙腈,10%甲醇,1mL/min,16.2分钟)显示其纯度为97%;mp 219-220℃;IR(膜)υ3324,1640cm-1;[α]25 D-130.00;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ8.86(dd,1H,J=5.6,5.6Hz),8.30(dd,1H,J=4.7,1.5Hz),7.66(dd,1H,J=1.5Hz),7.54(dd,1H,J=7.5,1.2Hz),7.34(dd,1H,J=8.1,1.5Hz),7.15(dd,1H,J=7.5,4.7Hz),7.11-7.05(m,2H),6.53-6.50(m,2H),6.34(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),4.63(s,1H),4.42(d,2H,J=6.2Hz),3.06(d,1H,J=12.9Hz),2.49(s,3H),2.33-2.19(m,2H),2.06-1.93(m,2H),1.88-1.77(m,1H),1.70-1.57(m,6H),1.54(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),1.16-1.09(m,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ167.8,156.7,148.2,147.8,137.3,136.8,136.6,132.0,131.6,131.1,128.4,127.9(q,J=276.6Hz),127.8,127.3,126.4,122.7,121.9,71.5,41.6,41.3,40.6,39.6,35.7,34.6,30.1,29.6,28.3(q,J=28.6Hz),27.6,24.5,22.1.
元素分析:C32H35F3N2O2,计算值:C,71.62;H,6.57;N,5.22;F,10.62。实测值:C,72.04;H,6.54;N,5.33;F,10.65。
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