CN1671432A - 用于输液设备的光学位移传感器 - Google Patents

用于输液设备的光学位移传感器 Download PDF

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CN1671432A
CN1671432A CNA038177188A CN03817718A CN1671432A CN 1671432 A CN1671432 A CN 1671432A CN A038177188 A CNA038177188 A CN A038177188A CN 03817718 A CN03817718 A CN 03817718A CN 1671432 A CN1671432 A CN 1671432A
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piston rod
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CN1671432B (zh
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马克·A·芒德鲁
拉里·B·格雷
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Li Li diabetes care limited liability company
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Abstract

一种用于传输设备的光学传感器，该传输设备具有移动来自容器(34)的比如流体这样的物质的活塞(30)。该光学传感器具有光源(42)和检测器阵列(44)，其用于对沿着和活塞耦合的活塞杆(38)设置的编码零件成像。通过编码零件图形，可以唯一的确定活塞杆相对于基准位置的绝对位置。因此，可以精确地确定容器中剩余的流体量，流体传输的速率和容器的合适装载。另外，编码可以用于唯一地标识以多种版本提供的容器的版本，例如，多种版本对应于被分配的治疗剂的不同浓度。

Description

用于输液设备的光学位移传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及光学传感器，其用于监控由传输设备传输的比如药剂这样的物质的源和/或量。
背景技术
比如泵或人工笔这样的设备用于传输比如药品或胰岛素这样的物质，将其从本地容器传输到患者的身体中，这种设备容易出现阻碍物质的传输速率的问题。这种问题可能包括堵塞、医药粘滞、或管理物质的错误标识。因此需要由传输设备有效地标识传输物质的源，确认物质容器的合适装载，确定在容器中物质的瞬时的量，以及精确监控传输速率和剩余液体的精确的量。先前用于类似应用的光学监控器，比如在Schneider等人的美国专利No.4,498,843中描述的，限于测量传输速率。因此，另外需要精确地和低成本地提供上述功能。
发明内容
根据本发明的优选实施例，提供了一种位移传感器，其用于具有平移活塞的类型的撒布装置。该传感器具有和活塞耦合的活塞杆，并且该活塞杆具有编码零件的编码图形。光源照亮该编码图形，并且检测器阵列检测来自照亮的编码图形的光线，并产生检测器信号，使得，基于检测的信号，处理器确定活塞杆相对于基准参考位置的位移。也可以确定由设备分配的物质的传输速率。另外，编码图形用于识别容器类型，该容器类型的特征在于，例如，由撒布装置传输的治疗剂的不同浓度。
附图说明
图1示出了现有技术的医药流体泵的基本结构；
图2是根据本发明的优选实施例用于传输液体药剂的光学线性编码器的示意性视图；
图3是根据本发明优选实施例的包括光学线性编码器的医药流体泵的透视图；
图4是根据应用于医药流体泵的发明的光学线性编码器的实施例的分解视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1描述用于将治疗剂传输到患者身体的泵的主要部件。典型的是圆柱形的药品容器11被保持在外壳16中，并且包括要被经传输管18和皮下注射针(没有示出)传输给患者的液体药剂。通过活塞30沿着和容器的轴同轴的方向8的线性运动，将在容器中容纳的液体药剂以确定速率推出容器。通过活塞杆12驱动活塞，活塞杆12由和螺杆传动14经齿轮变星驱动耦合的马达(不可见)以规定速率驱动。应该理解本发明可以有益的应用于泵以外的传输设备，比如胰岛素注射笔，以及用于传输多种流体或其它物质(可以是治疗剂或其它物质)。泵的描述以及考虑传输治疗剂给患者仅是通过实例的方式，而不加以限定。本发明的实施例也可以有益的应用于，例如，传输净化剂给供水装置。被传输的流体典型的是液体，但是传输其它物质也在本发明如在这里所描述和在所附权利要求所要求的范围之中。
为了推动活塞从而以规定速率传输液体药剂，由处理器基于容器的横截面(也就是，每个活塞的单元圆形运动推出的药剂量)和容器中包括的流体中药剂的浓度来管理驱动泵马达的速率。
根据本发明的优选实施例，光学线性编码器用于确定活塞杆的运动的绝对位置和速率。另外，因为可以将容器和活塞作为集成单元提供给用户，可以在活塞杆上编码另外的信息，如将在下面更详细的描述的。
具体地说，需要由传感器结合流体传输提供四个功能性：
a.监控传输精确性
b.识别容器的特别特征(比如它的内容)
c.确定容器中剩余的流体的量；以及
d.确认合适装载容器。
具体地说，根据本发明的优选实施例，如果由单一传感器提供上述所有功能性将是特别有益的。
如本发明的优选实施例，如果容器标识和由输液设备传输的药物流体中的浓度相关联，那么编程的剂量可以被转换为线性距离。
在优选实施例中，采用透射型编码，但是，任意模拟反射型编码都在本发明的范围之中。参考图2，沿着轴32驱动活塞30从而将容器34的液体内容推出孔36。由活塞杆38推动活塞30，当引导螺杆40转动时该活塞杆38前进。在透射型编码的优选实施例中，将光源42和检测器44放置在活塞杆38的相对侧。如在这里使用的，术语“检测器”作为内容要求，指的是检测器的阵列。检测器或检测器阵列在这里也可以被作为“图像传感器”或“图像阵列”提到。术语“检测器组件”可能表示检测器或检测器阵列，以及相关联的前放大和信号调节电子设备。在这种实施例中，以由检测器44识别的零件46编码活塞杆38。
根据本发明的一个实施例，编码零件46是垂直于活塞的行进轴32的狭缝，将其刻在活塞杆38中。在另外的实施例中，可以采用圆(或其它形状)孔，或平行于轴32的狭缝，楔，或其它光透射零件，所有上述的仅是为了实例的目的提供而不限定。狭缝46或其它光学透射零件可以是完全光学透射的，或者作为选择地，调制从源42和检测器44之间透射的光线(由虚线48指示)的一些可检测的特性。因此，透射零件46采用滤光器(中性密度或其它)，由此调制透射光的强度和/或光谱特性，或者可以采用偏振器或延迟板，由此调制透射光的极性或相位。所有这种用于编码透射光的技术都在本发明的如在这里所述的和如所附权利要求要求的范围之中。
根据本发明的优选实施例，检测器44有益的仅跨越活塞杆的区域的一部分，如在下面更为详细的描述的，但是，检测器44和活塞杆38的任意相对尺寸在本发明的范围之中。
光线从光源42到检测器44的路径可以是通过活塞杆38的直接透射之一，如图所示。作为选择的，可以通过将检测器44合适地放置在活塞杆38和光源42的相同侧来以反射检测编码46。光源42可以是发光二极管的阵列，其中采用壳扩散器50。可以采用其它扩散光源，比如荧光光源。扩散器50可以包括多个扩散级，如图所示。可以由非扩散的光线提供照明。如图所示，可以将照明光线通过编码46直接透射到检测器44上，或者，在本发明的其它实施例中，可以采用照明光线经由光纤或其它光导管的反射光路或传送。可以在光路中提供比如透镜、微通道板等干涉光学器件，这也在本发明的范围之中。
在图3中示出了用于实现图2的物质分配器部件的外壳60的透视图。从该视图中隐藏了马达驱动62，但是示为了虚线部件。示出具有从其延伸的活塞杆38的容器34在插入外壳之前的状态。图4的分解视图示出了包括驱动马达62和容器桶72的驱动模块70、光源模块42、扩散器50和检测器44。
检测器44可以包括多个检测器分解元件，并且可以被实现为，例如，CMOS线性图像传感器，或对于另一实例，电荷耦合器件(CCD)阵列。有益的采用多种格式。在本发明的范围之中，检测器元件可以是线性或二维阵列的，并且如果需要这种设计考虑，这种阵列可以由检测器阵列的线性或侧面堆叠实现。
根据将在下面详细描述的多种算法，通过将检测器44的输出信号经模数转换器54引导到处理器56来分析在检测器44上形成的图像。关于处理器56的分辨率和资源需要最优化像素尺寸和数量。
通过采用不重复的编码图形的方式，可以有益的绝对确定可移动的活塞杆相对于固定光学组件(认为包括照明和检测光学器件)的位置。作为选择地，狭缝图形或其它编码图形可以重复一次或多次，由此允许在长的行进距离上对平移进行编码。在其中编码图形定义或是活塞杆的非唯一当前位置的实施例中，将活塞杆38驱动到基准位置52，比如限制器，以建立重复计数的参考和建立活塞杆相对于基准位置的绝对当前位置。
在本发明的优选实施例中，将检测器44实现为512像素的线性阵列，具有大约16μm的像素分辨率。检测器44的位置沿着活塞38的行进线路并与其平行，基本上在引导螺杆40的末端开始。具体地说，当采用聚焦光学器件时，优选地检测器44应该位于活塞杆38的附近。
在本发明的优选实施例中，以这样的方式选择活塞杆狭缝46的间距使得任意两个相邻的间距形成唯一的序列。另外，任意两个间距的长度总和总是大于任意两个相邻狭缝之间的距离，因此，在无意地堵塞狭缝的情况中，可以检测到异常而不会将其误认为另一绝对位置。另外，提供三个或多个狭缝在任一时间对于图像传感器可见，或者杆的末端和至少一个狭缝在任一给定时间对于图像传感器可见。
在表I中以英寸为单位给出了狭缝间距的三个版本，它们满足在前述段落中讨论的优选标准。可以编码任意两个相邻间隔的间距以唯一的定义容器的版本，使得可以提供和区分药剂的不同浓度。以这种方式标识的容器版本的特征包括，但是不限于，容器的内径以及容器壁的成分(例如，塑料或玻璃)。另外，在活塞杆的末端和最后一个狭缝之间的距离可以唯一地标识容器版本，使得，在图像传感器的视域中存在不多于一个狭缝的情况中，可以唯一的标识容器版本。
                                                   表I：狭缝到狭缝的距离(英寸)
  版本   狭缝1到狭缝2   狭缝2到狭缝3   狭缝3到狭缝4   狭缝4到狭缝5   狭缝5到狭缝6   狭缝6到狭缝7   狭缝7到狭缝8   狭缝8到狭缝9   狭缝9到狭缝10   狭缝10到狭缝11
  #1   0.084   0.096   0.084   0.084   0.060   0.096   0.108   0.060   0.060   0.110
  #2   0.072   0.060   0.072   0.096   0.096   0.072   0.084   0.108   0.072   0.095
  #3   0.060   0.108   0.096   0.060   0.084   0.072   0.072   0.108   0.084   0.080
为创建图像，复位检测器44的所有像素。之后光源42闪动使得在特定的持续时间内放光。可以采用可变暴光持续时间，使得当观看狭缝时使用较长时间，然而当观看活塞杆的末端时使用较短时间。对于狭缝暴光时间5ms和对于活塞杆7ms的时间就可以了。读取来自检测器44的信号，在阵列中由处理器56存储每个像素的值并且使用一个或多个算法进行编译。
在表I涉及的实施例中，行进的小部分中仅两个狭缝(9和10)以及杆的末端可见。因为仅单一间隔可用，使用两个相邻间隔识别注射的常用方式不可用。因为末端过于接近被使用滑动窗口算法检测的观看的边缘，也不能使用在杆的末端和最后一个狭缝之间的距离来识别注射的另外方式。因此，当仅两个狭缝可见并且杆的末端位置不能被测量却可见时，使用识别注射的第三方式。这个第三方法依靠唯一的“狭缝9到狭缝10”的间隔。
根据一个暴光过程，光线向左打开。之后，检测器以特定时钟速率顺序读取和复位每个像素。之后两次读取阵列，并且第一读取用于复位像素。因此，从复位像素开始的时钟周期，每个像素的第二读取发生“n”次。
在优选的工作模式中，在传送大丸药期间和装填期间，活塞的每个基本步骤测量活塞杆位置一次。在测量之间，因为位置确定是绝对的，不给图像传感器供电。
根据本发明的实施例，可以采用多种算法以检测峰值在特定分辨率之内的透射光的位置。一个峰值检测算法采用被二等分的滑动窗口。将在每个半部分中像素的值相加，并且将和彼此相减。对于滑动窗口的所有可能位置计算在两个半部分中信号之间的差值，给出强度曲线的斜率的测量。因为不论峰或谷，在本地极端情况中出现零，随着靠近零点，使用差值的符号区分这两个情况。另外的峰值和边缘标识算法也在本发明的范围之中。使用峰值的移动来跟踪活塞杆移动的精确性，并因此跟踪被推出容器的液体药剂的传输。
根据本发明的另外的实施例，通过以比传感器阵列多2次方的元件在软件阵列中存储A/D像素值，可以将在狭缝之间的间隔分解为比检测器44的间距更精细的增量。例如，如果在4096元件软件阵列中存储512像素图像，分辨率将增加八倍。这是通过在第一组八个软件阵列软件的每一个中存储第一传感器阵列值实现的。在第二组八个软件阵列元件的每一个中存储第二传感器阵列值，等。
作为选择地，通过读取每第n个像素，其中n是2的乘方，并且在具有和传感器阵列相同数目的元件的软件阵列中存储这些值，可以减少图像读取次数而不会不利地影响狭缝到狭缝的测量分辨率。
这样描述了本发明的多种实施例，它的一些优点和可选的特征，应该了解这些实施例仅由实例的方式表示，并且不是以限定的方式。应该理解本发明的教导可应用于其它应用的多种流体，比如传送化学品给便携水的提供者，这仅是单独的一个实例。本领域的普通技术人员将很容易对这些实施例进行替换和改进，或者添加实施例，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。所有这种修改都在本发明如权利要求所述的范围之中。

Claims (20)

1.一种位移传感器，用于具有平移活塞的物质撒布装置，该传感器包括：
a.活塞杆，其耦合载有编码零件的编码图形的活塞；
b.光源，其用于照亮编码图形；
c.检测器阵列，其用于检测来自照亮的编码图形的光线和产生检测器信号；以及
d.处理器，其用于至少基于检测器信号确定活塞杆相对于基准参考位置的位移。
2.如权利要求1所述的位移传感器，其中，该编码零件是通过活塞杆的调制的光学透射的区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的位移传感器，其中，该编码零件是来自活塞杆的调制的光学反射的区域。
4.如权利要求1所述的位移传感器，其中，该编码零件是通过活塞杆的增强透射的多个狭缝。
5.如权利要求4所述的位移传感器，其中，每个狭缝和每一对最近的相邻狭缝隔开唯一的距离组合。
6.如权利要求4所述的位移传感器，其中，该两个狭缝之间的任意两个相邻间隔的组合唯一的标识容器的特性。
7.如权利要求6所述的位移传感器，其中，该容器的标识的特性是相对于基准位置的位移。
8.如权利要求6所述的位移传感器，其中，该容器的标识的特性是活塞杆所属的容器的内容。
9.如权利要求6所述的位移传感器，其中，该容器的标识的特性包括直径和壁组成材料的至少其中之一。
10.如权利要求1所述的位移传感器，其中，该光源包括光扩散器，其用于以基本上均匀的光强度照亮活塞杆的区域。
11.如权利要求1所述的位移传感器，其中，该编码零件的编码图形沿着活塞杆重复。
12.一种撒布装置，其包括：
a.容器，其具有用于容纳物质的圆柱形内部容积；
b.活塞杆，其用于在容器的内部容积中沿着运动的线性轴推动活塞，以移动和分配物质的测量的量；
c.编码零件的编码图形，其沿着活塞杆以平行于活塞的运动的线性轴的方向排列；
d.检测器阵列，其用于检测来自照亮的编码图形的光线并产生检测器信号；以及
e.处理器，其用于至少基于检测器信号确定活塞杆相对于基准参考位置的位移。
13.如权利要求12所述的撒布装置，其中，该编码零件是通过活塞杆的调制的光学透射的区域。
14.如权利要求12所述的撒布装置，其中，该编码零件是通过活塞杆的增强透射的多个狭缝。
15.如权利要求12所述的撒布装置，其中，每个狭缝和每一对最近的相邻狭缝隔开唯一的距离组合。
16.如权利要求12所述的撒布装置，其具有多于一个容器版本，其中，该编码图形唯一的确定容器的版本。
17.一种利用具有活塞的分配器测量分配物质的速率的方法，该活塞被在物质的容器内沿着运动轴驱动，该方法包括：
a.照亮被设置在和活塞耦合的活塞杆上的编码零件的编码图形；
b.检测来自照亮的编码图形的光线并产生检测器信号；以及
c.至少基于检测器信号确定活塞杆相对于基准参考位置的位移。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中，该检测光线的步骤进一步包括获得照亮的编码零件的图像。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中，该确定位移的步骤进一步包括确定通过编码零件的光透射峰值的位置。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括在每个连续的n个软件阵列元件的组中存储每个连续检测器阵列值的步骤。
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