CN1659024A - 防水材料 - Google Patents

防水材料 Download PDF

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CN1659024A
CN1659024A CN038137100A CN03813710A CN1659024A CN 1659024 A CN1659024 A CN 1659024A CN 038137100 A CN038137100 A CN 038137100A CN 03813710 A CN03813710 A CN 03813710A CN 1659024 A CN1659024 A CN 1659024A
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layer
supporting layer
ultrasonic wave
series
stiffener
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CN100374288C (zh
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B·N·弗林
S·罗斯塔米
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Rawell Group Holdings Ltd
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    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
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    • B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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Abstract

用于池塘、湖和垃圾堆放填埋场的衬里的防水材料，其包括处于相应支撑层(12，14)之间的芯层(10)，该芯层含有可膨胀班脱岩粘土。为了降低支撑层(12，14)与芯层(10)之间的相对滑动，支撑层最好是由聚丙烯、聚乙烯或PVC做成，并通过超声波接合沿多条线或间隔地把两支撑层连接在一起，可以把两层(12，14)直接接合在一起，也可以把每一层(12，14)分别接合(在26上)到嵌在芯层(10)中的柔性有孔加固物(16)上。

Description

防水材料
本发明涉及一种片状防水材料，其包括夹在相应的支撑层中间的一个芯层，该芯层含有可膨胀的班脱岩粘土。
该材料用作人工池塘、湖、贮水池等的衬里以保留其中的水。该材料还可以用作衬层和保护层，即覆盖垃圾堆放填埋场的底部，防止有害液体的泄漏。它还可以用作相似的用途，被放置于加油站下方或其它类似的地点以防止地下水被泄漏出的这些油料污染。它还可以被更广泛地用于放置于建筑物和其它结构下方的防水层和作为屋面材料。
在一种形式中，该芯层由细粒或颗粒状的班脱岩粘土构成，支撑层通过缝合或者通过针刺透粘土层而与其结合。这种形式的材料在EP-A-0059625，EP-A-0246311和GB2202185中都有描述。这些材料在安装之后必须浸湿，使得粘土吸水后变得防渗透。如果在运输过程中该材料被破坏，或者就地浸湿不均匀或不充分，防水层的均匀性和可靠性就可以受到怀疑。
在另一种形式中，班脱岩粘土芯层通过与水混和以及任选溶解物质混合后被部分水化，形成一种塑性物质，再经过挤压或碾压，变成片状。这样，该材料在安装之前就已经是防水的了，其防水性均匀。该形式的材料在本申请人早些的WO 94/05863中就做过描述。
第二种形式的材料的缺点是抗剪强度低。因为支撑层并没有结合在一起，芯层中的粘土起到了润滑剂的作用，所以它们相对彼此滑动，因此在倾斜角度大于6～8°的斜面衬底上就不能使用该材料。这一点排除了许多填埋情况中使用该材料的可能性。
本发明的一个目的就是要克服这一缺点。
鉴于该目的，本发明提供第一段中具体说明的一种防水材料，其特点是通过超声波接合间隔地和/或沿一条或多条线把支撑层接合在一起。
以上描述的两种形式的材料都可以应用这种结合支撑层的方式，即有着颗粒状班脱岩芯层的材料和有着由一种塑性(可变形的)物质形成的含有粘土的芯层的材料。
这种材料的支撑层在传统上都是织造的或非织造的纺织品，都是渗水的，因为在该材料被安装到一定地点并被覆盖后，必须允许水渗透到含有粘土的芯层中，使其膨胀并提供长期完全防渗层。但是，这种材料，包括本申请人自己的“Slabseal”产品是公知的，其中支撑层之一是一种由塑料材料制成的防渗薄膜。
鉴于本发明的目的，非织造纺织品被优选地用作支撑层。用聚丙烯纤维材料较适合，尽管其它材料，如PVC或聚乙烯或聚酯纤维也可以。
在某些实施例中，芯层中也可以包括一个网状加固物。通过第一系列的超声波接合，把支撑层之一接合到加固物上，而通过第二系列的超声波接合，把另一支撑层也接合到加固物上，第二系列的超声波接合相对于第一系列的超声波接合在位置上相偏离。这样做的优点是核心防水材料总是有一定的厚度，即没有潜在的渗透间隙。
以下将参照附图，通过举例，进一步描述本发明，其中：
图1是一个透视示意图，示出了在本发明的第一实施例中，材料的一小部分是如何通过超声波手段沿一条线接合在一起的；
图2是一个相似的示意图，示出了接合后的材料；
图3是沿图2中的A-A线的截面图；
图4是本发明材料的第二实施例中的透视示意图；和
图5是沿图4中的B-B线的截面图。
如图1至3所示，第一示范实施例包括一个芯层10，其由半水合的班脱岩粘土构成，该芯层10已经经过碾压或挤压而呈片状，并夹在相应的支撑层12、14之间。
优选地，支撑层12，14为非织造纺织品，如聚丙烯。用非织造材料可以形成更牢固的接合。但是，用一个支撑层和一个织造支撑层也可以达到合理的牢固程度。还可以用一个渗透薄膜构成支撑层，另一个支撑层为织造的或非织造的纺织品。
在实际生产中，该材料可达5m宽。图中只示出一小部分，以及超声波接合该材料的支撑层的装置。参照图1，该材料被置于底盘20之上，底盘20上有一个三角形横截面的凸起。一个超声焊极24与材料在凸起上接触，其作用为分离芯层10的材料。当施加超声波频率时，芯层被截断，两织品层12、14被接合在一起。
产生的接合线18在图2和3中被示出。
初步试验显示在两支撑层都是非织造的聚丙烯织品的情况中，多个有一定间距的线接合(从间距几厘米至1米以上)可以提高该复合材料的抗剪强度，直至其抗剪强度可以比得上在市场上能买到的材料，其中该芯层为颗粒状并且支撑层被缝合或针刺透或任何其它方式被接合在一起。这一点使得该材料可以用于角度为60°的斜面。
如果含有粘土的芯层10的一些材料还残留于接合线18处的支撑层12和14之间，接合的强度就会大大降低，降低程度可高达50％，可以由使层12和层14剥离的力来测量。
也可以在支撑层12，14中的任意一层与芯层10之间再加一层防水薄膜，如聚丙烯或PVC。这在一些情况中用于提高接合强度。但是，其首要目的是控制该复合材料的渗透性，并防止接合线18渗水以及防止由该材料形成的防水层的整体性遭到破坏。
在其它实施例中，可以在接合线的位置上提供条状的防水薄膜，其可以窄至5mm。要在接合前，在芯层10和支撑层12，14中的任一层(或两层)之间提供条状防水薄层。可选地，也可以在接合前或接合后把这些条放置于(或者粘附于)支撑层12，14中的任一层的外表面上。
接合线的长度约为15mm，其外部还可以用含有班脱岩的可变形材料填充，这些材料与芯层10中的材料相类似。
许多个间隔的接合线既可以平行于也可以垂直于复合材料的宽度。所以它的外表像一个鸭绒垫。但是，其它的接合图案也适用，如在材料上分布的点接合，或圆形结合，或横跨宽度的连续线，没有在安装到具体地点时允许重叠的切口边。还可以使用横跨该材料的连续之字形结合。
图4和5中示出了进一步的改进。为了改善该材料相对于支撑层的抗滑能力，芯层10中包括了一种柔性的有孔加固装置。在示出的例子中，芯层10中包含了聚丙烯网状物16，其位于支撑层12和14的中间(与图1至3中的参照号码相同)。网状物16通过超声波被结合到支撑层12和14上。如图中所示，接合第一支撑层12和网状物16的接合线26与接合第二支撑层14和网状物26的接合线28相偏离。由于核心材料总有一定的厚度，因此可以降低接合处渗漏的危险。

Claims (11)

1.片状防水材料，包括夹在相应支撑层(12，14)中间的芯层(10)，该芯层含有可膨胀的班脱岩粘土，其特征在于，用超声波接合(18；26，28)间隔地或沿一条或多条线把支撑层(12，14)接合在一起。
2.根据权利要求1的材料，其中至少一个支撑层(12，14)是非织造纺织品。
3.根据权利要求1或2的材料，其中支撑层(12，14)包括聚丙烯，聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1，2或3中任一项的材料，还包括一层防水薄层或薄膜。
5.根据权利要求1，2或3中任一项的材料，其中在超声波接合处提供防水薄层或薄膜。
6.根据前面任何一项权利要求的材料，其中芯层(10)是由一种可变形的塑料物质经过挤压或碾压形成的，其中的班脱岩是半水合的。
7.根据前面任何一项权利要求的材料，其中在芯层中含有柔性有孔加固物(16)。
8.根据权利要求7或8的材料，其中加固物是一种塑料材料网状物(16)。
9.根据权利要求7或8的材料，其中通过第一系列的超声波接合(26)把支撑层(12)之一接合到加固物(16)上，通过第二系列的超声波结合(28)把另一个支撑层(14)接合到加固物(16)上，第二系列的超声波结合相对于第一系列的超声波结合在位置上相偏离。
10.一种生产一种片状防水材料的方法，其包括把含有可膨胀脱班岩粘土的芯层(10)夹在相应的支撑层(12，14)中间，并用超声波接合(18，26，28)间隔地或沿一条或多条线把支撑层接合在一起。
11.一种生产一种片状防水材料的方法，其包括把含有可膨胀班脱岩粘土的芯层(10)夹在相应的支撑层(12，14)中间，并在芯层中包括网状加固物(16)，通过超声波接合在第一系列位置(26)上把一支撑层(12)接合到加固物上，并通过超声波接合在第二系列位置(28)上把另一支撑层(14)结合到加固物上，第二系列的位置相对于第一系列的位置偏离。
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