PT1517784E - Processo de fabrico de material impermeabilizante - Google Patents
Processo de fabrico de material impermeabilizante Download PDFInfo
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- PT1517784E PT1517784E PT03740717T PT03740717T PT1517784E PT 1517784 E PT1517784 E PT 1517784E PT 03740717 T PT03740717 T PT 03740717T PT 03740717 T PT03740717 T PT 03740717T PT 1517784 E PT1517784 E PT 1517784E
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- Prior art keywords
- carrier layers
- core layer
- reinforcement
- layer
- core
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
- B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/436—Joining sheets for making articles comprising cushioning or padding materials, the weld being performed through the cushioning material, e.g. car seats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
- B32B2262/0238—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/028—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using vibration, e.g. sonic or ultrasonic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/16—Clay
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
- Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
1
DESCRIÇÃO "PROCESSO DE FABRICO DE UM MATERIAL IMPERMEABILIZANTE" A presente invenção refere-se a um processo de fabrico de um material impermeabilizante em forma de folha que compreende a colocação em sanduíche de uma camada núcleo, que incorpora argila de bentonite insuflável entre camadas portadoras respectivas.
Um tal material é usado como um revestimento para reter água em tanques artificiais, lagos, lagoas etc.. É também usado para revestir e tapar, isto é cobrir, locais de depósito de aterros de lixo em que a terra por baixo tem que ser protegida contra fugas de líquido contaminado. É usado para uma função semelhante e colocado por baixo de estações de petróleo (gasolina) ou locais comparáveis para impedir a contaminação do lençol freático pelo derrame desse material. Pode também ser usado mais geralmente como uma camada impermeável por baixo de edifícios e de outras estruturas e como um material de telhado.
Numa forma, a camada núcleo compreende argila de bentonite na forma particulada ou granular e as camadas portadoras são unidas, tanto por costura como por perfuração de agulhas através da camada de argila. 0 material desta forma é descrito nas patentes EP-A0059625, EP-A-0246311 e 8B2202185. Esse material tem que ser molhado após a instalação, de modo que a argila absorva a água antes de se tornar impermeável. Se o material for danificado em trânsito ou a molhagem in situ for desigual ou insuficiente a uniformidade e a fiabilidade da camada impermeável podem ser suspeitas. 2 A patente WO 97/36060 divulga um material semelhante em que a camada núcleo compreende partículas de bentonite e as camadas portadoras, uma das quais é permeável e uma das quais é de material plástico impermeável e formada com cristãs a intervalos, são vedadas por calor em conjunto ao longo daquelas cristãs.
Noutra forma, a camada núcleo de argila de bentonite já é parcialmente hidratada por ser misturada com água, e substâncias dissolvidas opcionais variáveis, para formar uma massa plástica e depois extrudidas ou laminadas para formar a folha. Assim, o material já é impermeável antes da instalação e a impermeabilidade é uniforme. Material desta forma é descrito na patente anterior do requerente WO 94/05863 . O último tipo de material tem a desvantagem de pouca força de cisalhamento. Dado que as camadas portadoras não são unidas em conjunto, podem deslizar em relação umas às outras, em que a argila na camada núcleo actua como um lubrificante. Isto impossibilita o uso desse material em substratos inclinados em que o ângulo de inclinação é maior do que cerca de 6-8°. Isto impossibilita o seu uso em muitas situações de descarga.
Um objecto da invenção é superar esta desvantagem.
Com este objecto em vista, a invenção proporciona um processo de fabrico de um material impermeável, tal como especificado no primeiro parágrafo, caracterizado por as camadas portadoras estarem conectadas umas às outras por soldadura ultra-sónica a intervalos e/ou ao longo de uma ou mais linhas. 3
Este modo de unir as camadas portadoras é aplicável a ambos as formas de material acima descritas, designadamente, as que têm bentonite em partículas na camada núcleo, assim como as que têm uma camada núcleo contendo argila formada de uma massa (deformável) plástica.
As camadas portadoras desses materiais são telas têxteis convencionalmente tecidas ou não tecidas, que são permeáveis, sendo necessárias para permitir que a água penetre na argila núcleo que contem a camada depois de o material ser instalado no local e coberto para permitir a sua insuflação e proporcionar uma camada substancialmente impermeável a longo prazo. No entanto, os materiais deste tipo, incluindo o próprio produto do requerente 'Slabseal', são conhecidos por uma das camadas portadoras ser uma membrana impermeável de material plástico.
Para a finalidade da presente invenção, as telas têxteis não tecidas são preferidas como camadas portadoras. Estas podem, apropriadamente, ser de fibra de polipropileno, embora outros materiais, tais como PVC, ou polietileno, ou fibra de poliéster possam ser possíveis.
Em determinadas formas de realização pode ser incluído na camada núcleo um reforço de malha. Uma das camadas portadoras pode então ser ligada ao reforço por uma primeira série de soldaduras ultra-sónicas, enquanto a outra das camadas portadoras é ligada ao reforço por uma segunda série de soldaduras ultra-sónicas, que estão deslocadas em posição relativa à primeira série. Isto tem a vantagem de uma determinada espessura do material impermeável de núcleo estar sempre presente, isto é, não haver espaços potencialmente permeáveis. 4 A invenção será ainda descrita, a titulo de exemplo, com referência aos desenhos anexos, nos quais:
Figura 1 é uma vista em perspectiva esquemática que mostra como, numa primeira forma de realização da invenção, uma pequena secção de material é soldada ao longo de uma linha por meios ultra-sónicos;
Figura 2 é uma vista semelhante que mostra o material após a soldadura;
Figura 3 é uma secção transversal ao longo da linha A- A na Figura 2;
Figura 4 é uma vista em perspectiva esquemática de uma segunda forma de realização do material da invenção; e
Figura 5 é uma secção transversal ao longo da linha B-B na Figura 4.
Tal como ilustrado nas Figuras 1 a 3, a primeira forma de realização exemplificativa compreende uma camada núcleo 10 de uma composição de argila de bentonite semi-hidratada que foi laminada ou extrudida para a forma de folha e ensanduichada entre as camadas portadoras respectivas 12, 14.
De preferência, ambas as camadas portadoras 12, 14 são de tela têxtil não tecida, tal como polipropileno. O uso de material não tecido permite que se forme uma soldadura mais forte. No entanto, é possível conseguir uma soldadura de resistência razoável usando uma camada portadora não tecida e uma camada portadora tecida. Pode também ser possível 5 usar uma camada portadora de película impermeável, e a outra de têxtil tecido ou não tecido.
Em fabrico de grande escala o material pode ter até 5 m de largura. Apenas se ilustra uma pequena secção, e uns meios de soldadura ultra-sónica das suas camadas portadoras. Fazendo referência à Figura 1, o material é colocado sobre uma placa de base 20 na qual existe uma projecção de secção transversal triangular 22. Um sonotrodo 24 é posto em contacto com o material sobre a projecção, que serve separar o material da camada núcleo 10. Enquanto a frequência ultra-sónica é aplicada, a camada núcleo é cortada e as duas telas 12, 14 são soldadas. A linha de solda resultante 18 é mostrada nas Figuras 2 e 3.
Os testes preliminares indicam que uma pluralidade de soldaduras de linha espaçada, de poucos cm até 1 m, em que ambas as portadoras são de tela não tecida de polipropileno, aumentarão a resistência de cisalhamento do compósito até ser comparável ao material comercialmente disponível do tipo em que a camada núcleo é particulada e as camadas portadoras são unidas por costura ou por perfuração de agulha ou quaisquer. Isto permitiria que o material fosse usado em qualquer inclinação de terra até cerca de 60°.
No caso de algum material da camada núcleo 10 contendo argila permanecer entre as camadas portadoras 12 e 14 na linha de soldadura 18, a resistência da soldadura é reduzida, até 50%, tal como medido pela força necessária para retirar as camadas 12 e 14. 6
Uma camada adicional de uma película impermeável, por exemplo polipropileno ou PVC, pode ser incorporada entre a camada portadora 12, 14 e a camada núcleo 10. Nalguns casos isto pode melhorar a resistência da soldadura. No entanto, a sua finalidade principal é controlar a permeabilidade do material compósito e impedir que as linhas de soldadura 18 se tornem permeáveis e a afectem toda a integridade da barreira impermeável a água, que deve ser formada pelo compósito.
Noutras formas de realização podem prever-se tiras de película impermeável, tão estreitas como 5 mm, nas posições de linhas de soldadura. Estas podem ser previstas antes da soldadura, entre a camada núcleo 10 e as outras (ou ambos) as camadas portadoras 12, 14. Em alternativa, essas tiras podem ser colocadas no lugar, possivelmente por meios adesivos, na superfície exterior de uma ou outra camada portadora 12, 14, tanto antes como após a soldadura.
As linhas de soldadura, que podem ter cerca de 15 mm de comprimento, poderiam também ser cheias externamente com adição de bentonite contendo material deformável, comparável ao da camada núcleo 10.
De modo adequado pode proporcionar-se uma pluralidade de linhas de soldadura espaçadas, tanto paralelas como perpendiculares à largura do material compósito. Assim este pode tomar a aparência de um edredão. No entanto, outros padrões de soldadura podem ser apropriados, tais como pontos de solda, ou soldaduras circulares, distribuídas sobre o material, ou linhas contínuas através da largura, parando próximo das margens do bordo para permitir a sobreposição quando o material é instalado no local. Uma 7 solda contínua em zig-zag através do material podia também ser uma possibilidade.
Um outro desenvolvimento é ilustrado nas Figuras 4 e 5. Para melhorar a resistência do material ao deslizamento relativo das camadas portadoras, um meio de reforço flexível perfurado é incorporado na camada núcleo 10. No exemplo ilustrado, uma malha de polipropileno 16 é incluída na camada núcleo 10 intermédia das 12, 14 (mesmos números de referência que nas Figuras 1 a 3) . Esta malha 16 é soldada por ultrasons a ambas as camadas portadoras 12, 14. Como se mostrou, as linhas de soldadura 26 que unem a primeira camada portadora 12 à malha 16 são descentradas das linhas de soldadura 128 que unem a segunda camada portadora 14 à malha 16. Isto reduz o risco da permeabilidade nas soldas porque permanece sempre alguma espessura do material de núcleo
Lisboa, 5 de Março de 2007
Claims (9)
- REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Processo de fabrico de um material impermeabilizante em forma de folha que compreende a colocação em sanduíche de uma camada núcleo (10) que incorpora argila de bentonite entre as camadas portadoras respectivas (12, 14) e a ligação das camadas portadoras por soldadura ultra-sónica (18; 26, 28) a intervalos ou ao longo de uma ou de várias linhas.
- 2. Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, no qual um reforço flexível perfurado (16) é incluído na camada núcleo.
- 3. Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 2, no qual o reforço é uma malha (16) de material plástico.
- 4. Processo de produção de um material impermeável em forma de folha que compreende a colocação em sanduíche de uma camada núcleo (10) que incorpora argila de bentonite insuflável entre as camadas portadoras respectivas (12, 14) e que inclui uma malha de reforço (16) no seio da camada núcleo, a ligação de uma das camadas portadoras (12) ao reforço por soldadura ultra-sónica numa primeira série de posições (26) e a ligação de outra das camadas portadoras (14) ao reforço por soldadura ultra-sónica numa segunda série de posições (28) que são deslocadas relativamente à primeira série.
- 5. Processo de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, no qual pelo menos uma das camadas portadoras (12, 14) compreende uma tela têxtil não tecida. 2
- 6. Processo de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, no qual as camadas portadoras (12, 14) compreendem polipropileno, polietileno ou cloreto de polivinilo.
- 7. Processo de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações anteriores que compreende uma camada adicional que é uma película ou uma membrana impermeável.
- 8. Processo de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações 1 a 6, no qual se prevê uma película ou uma membrana impermeável nas posições de soldadura ultra-sónica.
- 9. Processo de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, no qual a camada núcleo (10) é formada por extrusão ou laminagem de uma massa plástica na qual a bentonite é semi-hidratada. Lisboa, de Fevereiro de 2007
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WO2010088468A2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | Tegraseal Products, Llc | Water containment and exclusion products |
RU2553579C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-06-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Донской государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО ДГАУ) | Способ выполнения бентоматополимерного экрана на просадочных грунтах |
RU2634549C1 (ru) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-10-31 | Олег Андреевич Баев | Полимерный композитный материал на основе бентонита |
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US4070839A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-01-31 | American Colloid Company | Moisture impervious panel |
US4305988A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1981-12-15 | Koecher Walter | Composite material comprising ultrasonically welded seams which combine strands, method for its manufacture, and apparatus for the carrying out of the method |
EP0059625B1 (en) | 1981-02-27 | 1985-07-24 | Clem Environmental Corp. | Waterproofing soil |
US4693923A (en) | 1985-11-22 | 1987-09-15 | Mcgroarty Bryan M | Water barrier |
DE3704503C3 (de) * | 1987-02-13 | 1998-02-26 | Naue Fasertechnik | Wasserundurchlässige Dichtungsmatte |
USRE37295E1 (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 2001-07-24 | Naue-Fasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Water and/or oil-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, a layer of swellable clay and a cover layer |
SE459189B (sv) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-06-12 | Pieux Armes Int | Foerfarande och anordning foer att paaverka samverkan mellan ett jordlager och en i anslutning till jordlagret befintlig konstruktion |
JPH05272121A (ja) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-10-19 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 優れた接合性を有する遮水マットおよびその接合方法 |
EP0658231B2 (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 2003-09-03 | Rawell Group Holdings Limited | Water proofing liner |
US5436050A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-07-25 | James Clem Corporation | Tufted geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture thereof |
US5662983A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1997-09-02 | Geosynthetics, Inc. | Stabilized containment facility liner |
ATE255660T1 (de) * | 1995-05-08 | 2003-12-15 | Amcol International Corp | Tonartige geosynthetische matte mit niedriger durchlässigkeit und herstellungsverfahren derselben |
US5788413A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1998-08-04 | I-Corp International, Inc. | Geocomposite membrane |
DE19649628A1 (de) * | 1996-12-01 | 1998-06-04 | Naue Fasertechnik | Mineralischer Dichtungsaufbau, insbesondere für Oberflächendichtungen von Deponien, Altlastflächen, Industriebrachen und dergleichen |
RU2152479C1 (ru) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-07-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "ПРЕСТО-РУСЬ" | Устройство для укрепления откосов и дорожного основания |
CN2516628Y (zh) * | 2001-12-12 | 2002-10-16 | 王惠成 | 防水板 |
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- 2003-06-10 US US10/516,325 patent/US20050227044A1/en not_active Abandoned
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AU2003277055B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
GB2389560A (en) | 2003-12-17 |
EP1517784B1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
ES2279130T3 (es) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1517784A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
SI1517784T1 (sl) | 2007-06-30 |
WO2003106167A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
GB2389560B (en) | 2005-04-13 |
AU2003277055A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
DE60310403T2 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
CN100374288C (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
US20050227044A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
HK1079736A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
RU2005100041A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
HK1079736B (zh) | 2008-11-28 |
GB0213414D0 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
CA2487325A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
ATE347993T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
CN1659024A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
DE60310403D1 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
RU2317209C2 (ru) | 2008-02-20 |
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