CN1657972A - Detection method and laser radar of Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal - Google Patents
Detection method and laser radar of Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention is a detecting of Roman-Mie dispersion laser atmosphere signal and laser radar. It sets up the radar with the output of double-frequency 532nm and triple-frequency 355nm, launches the 532nm, 15% of the 35nm to the sky and 85% of the 355nm after diffusion, and the two optical paths parallel with the optical path of the receiving telescope, and simultaneously carry out the pitching motion with the receiving telescope; the receiving telescope backward dispersing light, the backward light gets into the telescope, then passes the glare tube, the adjusting field view stop and ocular glass, and the dichroic mirror process, and divides the 407nm, the 386nm and the 532nm scattered light into three beams, and the 532nm scattered light is divided into 15% and 85% beams, and the four beams are respectively received by the multiplier phototube, magnified by the magnifier and collect and process the data. It can detect the level visibility of the atmosphere, the aerosol of the whole troposphere and the vertical outline of winding cloud light eliminating system and the water and air mixture ratio from the ground to the lower part of the troposphere. The detecting error of the level visibility is 15%, the errors of the aerosol light eliminating modulus and the vertical outline of the water and air mixture are 20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and the vehicular laser radar of atmospheric sounding horizontal visibility, atmospheric aerosol and steam space distribution.
Technical background
Laser radar is to be light source with laser, and the radiation signal by exploring laser light and atmospheric interaction comes remote sensing atmosphere.The interaction of laser and atmosphere produces and to comprise atmospheric gas molecule and particulate radiation signal for information about, utilizes suitable inversion method just can therefrom obtain information about gas molecule and particulate in conjunction with radar equation.
Laser radar is the product that traditional The radar exploration technique combines with modern laser.After laser comes out 1 year, promptly 1961, scientist has just proposed the imagination of laser radar, and carried out research work, over more than 40 year, along with the development that laser technology is maked rapid progress, the advanced acquisition of signal and the application of data acquisition system (DAS), laser radar becomes a kind of important active remote sensing instrument with its high measurement accuracy, meticulous time and spatial resolution and wide sweep limit.
At present, generally there is the deficiency of following four aspects in the laser radar system of surveying troposphere atmospheric aerosol and steam: at first, in view of the increase of laser radar detecting function can make that radar system more complicated, volume are big, weight is heavier, be difficult for moving and transportation, limited its application region scope; Secondly highly limited for surveying, detection major part for atmospheric aerosol is confined in the following boundary layer of 5 ~ 6km, and steam since the content in atmosphere of itself seldom, simultaneously the Raman scatter echo signal that takes place with laser is very weak, its measuring height is also only below 5km.Be subjected to the restriction of radar geometric factor in addition, to steam near the ground and the aerocolloidal accurate measurement comparison difficulty that also seems; The 3rd, because the influence of sun strong background radiation, measurement by day is undoubtedly a kind of challenge for various laser radars; The 4th, at multi-wavelength, in many detecting functions laser radar system, to how to solve the interference between different detection wavelength and how to guarantee that total system long term operation stability and reliability all propose very high requirement.
In the world, mainly contain following several for the Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of measuring steam now:
U.S. NASA Goddard space research center (Space flight center) in nineteen ninety build SRL (Scanning RamanLidar) laser radar.It is 0.76m that this radar has diameter, and relative aperture is the Dall-Kirkham telescopic system of f/4.8, adopts XeF laser, and its wavelength is 351nm, and repetition frequency is 400Hz, and power is 24W.
2. USDOE (DOE/ARM) is built in the CART laser radar of nineteen ninety-five.It uses the Nd:YAG laser instrument, output frequency tripled laser 355nm, and repetition frequency is 30Hz, and single pulse energy is 400mJ, and receiving telescope is the 0.61m bore.
3. CRL (CompactRaman Lidar) laser radar of the U.S. " scientific and engineering service company " (Science and Engineering Services.Inc.) development.This radar adopts the quadruple Nd:YAG laser instrument of diode pumping output, and its output wavelength is 266nm, and single pulse energy is 1mJ, and repetition frequency is 1KHz.Use diameter to be 35cm, relative aperture Cassegrain type telescope as f/10.2.Wherein use advanced Solarblind detector, narrow band pass filter that height ends and adjustable aperture, make that measuring steam daytime becomes possibility.But since its adopt wavelength be the laser of 266nm as emissive source, therefore must consider O
3What absorb corrects.Will bring certain error to the result that steam is measured like this.
4. U.S. NASA Goddard space research center (Space flight center) recent RASL (Raman AirborneSpectroscopic Lidar) that builds is a kind of novel Raman laser radar.This radar is mainly used in measures steam, gasoloid, cloud, aqueous water and temperature.
The L625 multifunction laser radar that built in nineteen ninety-five at domestic Anhui ray machine institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences atmospheric optics center that is mainly of carrying out this type of research, this radar has increased the Raman passage of measuring steam in 1999, but, and only only limit to observation at night in view of the restriction of radar itself can only be carried out the measurement of 1 ~ 5km steam.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop and a kind ofly can carry out horizontal atmospheric visibility and vertical steam simultaneously, Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal detection method and vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar that cloud and atmospheric aerosol are measured, and require also can carry out above-mentioned observation by day.For reaching above measurement requirement, adopt unique optical unit design that transmits and receives, most of components and parts all adopt small-sized full curing or medelling structure as much as possible, make it have advantages such as compact conformation, volume is little, in light weight, automaticity is high, working stability is reliable.
The detection method of Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal, be by the laser instrument of output two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser is set, with 532nm, the emission of 15% 355nm laser heavenwards, 85% 355nm laser is the heavenwards emission after expanding bundle, two emission light paths all with the light path parallel of receiving telescope, and do simultaneously with receiving telescope and to carry out luffing; Receive rear orientation light by receiving telescope, rear orientation light is behind telescope, behind cone, scalable field stop and eyepiece, handle through dichronic mirror, the scattered light of 407nm, 386nm, 532nm is separated into three beams, and the scattered light of 532nm is separated into 15% and 85% 2 bundle again, and these four bundle scattered lights that separate are respectively after photomultiplier receives, after the amplifier amplification, carry out data aggregation and processing.
The Raman-Mie scattering laser radar, this laser radar is made up of four parts:
(1), transmitter unit: adopt laser instrument as laser emitting source, at the laser instrument front end dichronic mirror is installed, the dichronic mirror front end is equipped with the emission lens set of being made up of completely reflecting mirror, the light full impregnated of the 532nm that dichronic mirror sends laser instrument, 355nm light 15% is saturating, 85% 355nm light reflexes on the completely reflecting mirror, and through 355nm wavelength beam expanding lens directive sky, laser instrument is parallel with the reception optical axis of radar telescope by the light beam of emission lens set and beam expanding lens directive sky;
(2), radar receives and follow-up optical unit: comprise the Cassegrain type telescope of the movable luffing carried out of installing, the telescopical rear end of Cassegrain type is equipped with cone, scalable field stop (1), eyepiece, dichronic mirror (1) and beam splitter (1), beam splitter (2) successively.Dichronic mirror (1) is all-trans to the light of 407nm, 386nm, to the light full impregnated of 532nm, in the return laser beam light path of dichronic mirror (1) back 407nm, 386nm butt joint mirror group, lens combination, diaphragm (2), the dichronic mirror of being made up of completely reflecting mirror (2) is installed successively.The light of 407nm, 386nm is received by photomultiplier respectively after dichronic mirror (2) separates, and is sent to photon counter 1, photon counter 2 respectively after amplifier amplifies; The light of 532nm wherein 85% is received by photomultiplier through the reflection of beam splitter (1) transmission, beam splitter (2), wherein 15% is received by photomultiplier by beam splitter (1) reflection back, and is sent to amplifier and amplifies;
(3), data acquisition unit: form by photomultiplier, amplifier, A/D capture card and photon counter;
(4), the gating circuit of photomultiplier, signal delay pulse producer, main wave producer and storage of industrial computer composition data and control module.
Laser instrument adopts powerlite8020 model Nd:YAG laser instrument, exports two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser respectively; Beam expanding lens is 3 power beam expansion lens.
In concrete technology implementation, above four part unit are adopted corresponding design proposal and suitable components and parts respectively.Vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention system critical piece technical indicator:
| The unit title | Technical parameter | |||
| Laser emission element laser instrument emission wavelength (nm) single pulse energy (mJ)/stability (%) repetition rate (Hz) laser beam divergence (mrad) beam expanding lens expands multiple | 532 150 ± 3.5 20＜0.45 do not have | ? ? ????355 ????300±4.0 ????20 ????＜0.45 ? ????3 | ||
| Radar receives and other wavelength rejection ratio of the follow-up unit of optics receiving telescope bore (mm) focal length (mm) field of view of receiver (mrad) optical filter centre wavelength/wave length shift (nm) bandwidth/wave length shift (nm) center transmitance (%) | Cassegrain type 406.4 4064 0.3-3 | |||
| ??532.0±0.05 ??0.3±0.05 ??＞45 ??10 -7@200-1200nm | ????407.8±0.7 ????4.5±0.09 ????＞30 ????10 -12@532&355nm ????10 -6@200-1200nm ????10 -8@375&387&580&607nm | ????386.6±0.7 ????4.5±0.09 ????＞30 ????10 -12@532&355 ????10 -6@200-1200nm | ||
| Data acquisition unit photomultiplier wavelength response range (nm) peak wavelength (nm) peak wavelength quantum efficiency (%) gain dark current (nA) amplifier gain amplifier bandwidth (MHz) linearity (%) noise voltage capture card sampling rate sampling precision | ? ????Hamamatsu?H7680/H7680-01 ????300-650 ????420 ????＞25 ????5×10 6????10 ????PHILLIPS?MODEL777 ????2-50 ????200 ????±15 ????25μV ????CompuScope1610 ????10M/s ????16bit | ? ????EMI9813B ????290-630 ????360 ????＞30 ????140×10 6????10 ????VT120 ????200 ????10-350 ????±10 ? ????MCS-pci ? ????150M |
| Data storage and the shaping of control module signal delay generator master ripple drive industrial computer | The electricity WS-855 of 4-5 μ s is adjustable 50 μ sTTL level Weidas | |
At transmitter unit, for measuring steam, gasoloid and cloud and visibility simultaneously, the powerlite8020 model Nd:YAG laser instrument that this radar adopts U.S. Continuum company to produce is exported two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser respectively.Wherein the former is mainly used in the measurement of atmospheric horizontal visibility and vertical atmospheric aerosol and cirrus, and the latter is used to measure the steam vertical distribution.For eliminating the phase mutual interference between wavelength and reducing to launch laser beam divergence, reduce the anti-damage threshold requirement of laser of various reflecting optics on the emission light path simultaneously, the present invention adopts two cover emission light paths.One is 355 transmission channels, has concentrated 85% 355 energy, directly laser vertical is transmitted in the atmosphere by two reflecting optics and 3 power beam expansion lens, and the high-rise steam more than the 1km is measured.The fundamental purpose of beam expanding lens is to reduce laser beam divergence in this passage, improves the radar detectivity on daytime; It two is 532 transmission channels, except whole 532nm laser, also comprises remaining 15% 355 laser.The laser of this passage finally is transmitted in the atmosphere by the reflecting optics in the telescope rotating shaft through a series of catoptrons.Along with telescopical luffing, the transmitting mirror in the rotating shaft can be launched laser on vertical and horizontal direction, so that the measurement of low layer steam, aerosol vertical distribution and horizontal visibility.
Radar receive and follow-up optical unit in, adopting diameter is Cassegrain's model telescope of 400mm, its major-minor eyeglass has HUTC ultra-high reflectivity plated film, make to 386,407 and the reflection of 532nm detection wavelength all more than 65%.Consider the hot spot of follow-up light path and the requirement of the angle of divergence, the multiplying power of whole receiving telescope is orientated X35 as.For conveniently carrying out daylight observation, variable aperture in aperture and cone are set simultaneously, receive field angle FOV, reduce the background radiation on daytime, improve the measuring height on daytime to change at the common focus place of telescope major-minor mirror and eyepiece.In addition, carry out horizontal visibility and vertical aerocolloidal observation simultaneously in order to satisfy, this radar system will measure aerocolloidal follow-up light path and detector comprehensively is an integral body, be connected with telescope by ring flange, make it do luffing with telescope, emission 532nm laser then remains parallel with telescope reception optical axis direction by the telescope rotating shaft.The rear orientation light that is received by telescope at first passes through dichronic mirror (1) and it is imported steam respectively surveys and the gasoloid detection channels, passes through corresponding optical filter then, is finished opto-electronic conversion by photomultiplier detection separately at last.For gasoloid in the altitude range of whole troposphere and the steam below the 10km height, the dynamic range of the echoed signal that radar receives reaches 7 magnitudes and 5 respectively more than the magnitude, for signals collecting that satisfies above-mentioned great dynamic range and the photomultiplier saturation distortion of avoiding closely strong echoed signal to cause, its echoed signal is carried out high low layer section measuring method.Measure passage for steam, because its whole light path is longer, be two body structures with the telescope receiving element simultaneously, therefore in passage, increase by one to one lens combination, play the effect of the location of oblique journey light beam of constraint and auxiliary telescope, help the closely detection of steam signal.In addition, consider that nitrogen and steam Raman echoed signal are positioned at the solar spectrum on daytime,, adopt two to be coated with the butt joint mirror of suitable reflective coating and, to increase the detectivity of steam on daytime by eyeglass for effectively reducing the influence of background radiation on daytime.
The major function of acquisition of signal and data acquisition unit be to the light signal that receives survey, preposition amplification and data acquisition.Because the echoed signal of gasoloid and visibility is strong the steam echo a little less than, therefore adopt A/D analog acquisition and photon counting dual mode respectively.Must constitute an integral body with telescope in view of the gasoloid detector simultaneously, therefore adopt volume little, the photomultiplier that is fit to height layering measurement simultaneously in light weight.And survey for the steam weak signal, selected the photomultiplier that has air cooling equipment for use, reduce the thermonoise of detector own greatly, thereby help the measurement of weak signal photon counting.The echo optical signal that detects through photomultiplier is converted to electric signal, utilizing capture card must require to carry out preposition amplification at the input of capture card before gathering, for avoiding the distortion of signal in amplification process, select suitable enlargement factor, the range of linearity and bandwidth.Because this system is a vehicular, for reducing system bulk, simulation and photon counting capture card all adopt the computer PCI insertion slot type, are easy to form an integral body with industrial computer.
In sum, the ruly running of each parts of above these subdivisions also be needed control and storage unit.Here except industrial computer, also mainly comprise gate, signal delay pulse producer and the main wave producer of photomultiplier.Because laser radar adopts the pulse laser that is similar to laser distance measuring principle to measure, its initial moment mainly is subjected to the main ripple signal controlling of radar system.When a laser pulse is transmitted into the atmosphere in an instant from the emission light path, the photodetector induction that is installed on the emission light path produces pulse signal, by main wave producer this signal is carried out shaping again and amplifies the main ripple signal that promptly is converted to radar system.In addition, no matter be for atmospheric aerosol, still for steam, this radar all adopts layered probe, the photomultiplier of open type does not need any trigger pip just can gather echo optical signal when being the low layer measurement, then need be on the gating circuit of photomultiplier during high-rise the measurement gating pulse signal in addition, make it after closing certain distance, just begin signal is gathered.The gate-control signal here mainly is according to radar control timing figure, the pulse of extracting by main ripple signal pulse with from laser resonant cavity is through signal delay pulse producer and back generation, and the pulsewidth of this gate-control signal can change according to the requirement of actual measurement simultaneously.
Effect of the present invention:
Vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention system has following characteristics:
1. can carry out atmospheric horizontal visibility, whole troposphere gasoloid and cirrus extinction coefficient Vertical Profile, the detection of lower curtate vapor-to-liquid ratio to the troposphere near the ground.The detecting error 15% of horizontal visibility; The detecting error 20% of Aerosol Extinction and vapor-to-liquid ratio Vertical Profile.
2. realized the Continuous Observation of day and night for horizontal visibility, gasoloid and cirrus.Under the common fine weather condition, no matter daytime or night, the level detection distance is 10km; The vertical sounding height reaches 18km night, and be about 10km daytime.
3. for vapor-to-liquid ratio, realize first surveying from the night to height more than the 8km of middle part, troposphere near the ground, between the lights with the more weak situation of time-division in morning background light radiation under, realizes the steam measurement to the height of boundary layer near the ground.
4. the characteristics that have quick continuous probe, under the weather condition, the detect cycle of atmospheric horizontal visibility is 3 minutes usually, and the detect cycle of gasoloid and cirrus extinction coefficient Vertical Profile is 8 minutes, and the detect cycle of vapor-to-liquid ratio Vertical Profile is 30 minutes.
5. this radar system is a vehicular, and compact conformation is convenient to move, and is applicable to the outfield experiments use.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Horizontal echoed signal Ln (P (R) R that Fig. 2 surveys for vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention
2) and the relation curve of distance R.
The comparative result of Fig. 3 vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention gasoloid actual measurement echoed signal (solid-line curve) and simulating signal.
Fig. 4 is vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar actual measurement Aerosol Extinction day and night measurement result of the present invention.
Fig. 5 vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention is to the typical measurement result of high stratocirrus.
The comparison of Fig. 6 vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention and L625 radargrammetry vapor-to-liquid ratio.
The comparison of Fig. 7 vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention and meteorological sounding DATA REASONING vapor-to-liquid ratio.
Fig. 8 vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention day and night vapor-to-liquid ratio result of detection.
Embodiment:
The structural scheme of mechanism of vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention system as shown in Figure 1.
The Raman-Mie scattering laser radar, this laser radar is made up of four parts:
(1), transmitter unit: adopt laser instrument as laser emitting source, at the laser instrument front end dichronic mirror is installed, the dichronic mirror front end is equipped with the emission lens set of being made up of completely reflecting mirror, the light full impregnated of the 532nm that dichronic mirror sends laser instrument, 355nm light 15% is saturating, 85% 355nm light reflexes on the completely reflecting mirror, and through 355nm wavelength beam expanding lens directive sky, laser instrument is parallel with the reception optical axis of radar telescope by the light beam of emission lens set and beam expanding lens directive sky;
(2), radar receives and follow-up optical unit: comprise the Cassegrain type telescope of the movable luffing carried out of installing, the telescopical rear end of Cassegrain type is equipped with cone, scalable field stop 1, eyepiece, dichronic mirror 1 and beam splitter 1, beam splitter 2 successively.The light of dichronic mirror 1 couple of 407nm, 386nm is all-trans, and to the light full impregnated of 532nm, in the detection light path of dichronic mirror 1 back 407nm, 386nm butt joint mirror group, lens combination, diaphragm 2, the dichronic mirror of being made up of completely reflecting mirror 2 is installed successively.The light of 407nm, 386nm is received by photomultiplier respectively after dichronic mirror 2 separates, and is sent to photon counter 1, photon counter 2 respectively after amplifier amplifies; The light of 532nm wherein 85% is received by photomultiplier through beam splitter 1 transmission, beam splitter 2 reflections, wherein 15% is received by photomultiplier by beam splitter 1 reflection back, and is sent to amplifier and amplifies;
In brief, the detection method of Raman-Mie scattering laser atmosphere echoed signal, be by the laser instrument of output two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser is set, with 532nm, the emission of 15% 355nm laser heavenwards, 85% 355nm laser is the heavenwards emission after expanding bundle, two emission light paths all with the light path parallel of receiving telescope, and do simultaneously with receiving telescope and to carry out luffing; Receive rear orientation light by receiving telescope, rear orientation light is behind telescope, after cone, scalable field stop and behind the convex lens, handle through dichronic mirror, the scattered light of 407nm, 386nm, 532nm is separated into three beams, and the scattered light of 532nm is separated into 15% and 85% 2 bundle again, and these four bundle scattered lights that separate are respectively after photomultiplier receives, after the amplifier amplification, carry out data aggregation and processing.
At transmitter unit, 355 and the pulse of 532nm dual-wavelength laser that laser instrument produces is through in the emission light path directive atmosphere.For making things convenient for the requirement of atmospheric sounding visibility, gasoloid and steam, the present invention adopts the double light path emission.One is for measuring the emission light path of horizontal visibility, vertical gas colloidal sol and low layer steam, mainly the 355nm laser with whole 532nm and 15% finally reflexes in the atmosphere by the eyeglass in the telescope rotating shaft, the purpose of this measure can make 532nm laser carry out vertical along with the telescope pitching and the level emission, is convenient to measuring vertical gasoloid and horizontal visibility.Low simultaneously 355nm wavelength energy laser can well avoid closely strong echoed signal to cause the generation of photomultiplier saturation effect, influences the steam measurement result.It is two for measuring laser emission channel of steam high level, is transmitted in the atmosphere after expanding bundle 85% 355nm laser pulse being carried out 3 times.The fundamental purpose that expands bundle is to reduce laser beam divergence, helps adopting less radar to receive the visual field and reduces the sky background optical radiation, measures signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) thereby increase, and further improves the detection height of steam at night and the feasibility of measuring daytime.Be transmitted in the atmosphere the 532nm laser pulse respectively with atmosphere in molecule and gasoloid generation Rayleigh (Rayleigh) and rice (Mie) scattering, produce the 532nm echoed signal have the atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics; The 355nm laser pulse then with atmosphere in nitrogen and aqueous vapor generation Raman (Raman) scattering, produce respectively and have the echoed signal of 386.7 and 407.8nm of optical characteristics separately.The fundamental purpose of receiving telescope and follow-up optical path unit is the echoed signal of above three wavelength of high efficiency as far as possible reception, and divides detection channels into separately with it.The echo optical signal that telescope receives at first passes through cone and aperture, and the purpose of these two parts all is that restriction receives outside the visual field parasitic light to the interference of useful signal; Pass through eyepiece, dichronic mirror 1 then, survey steam needed 386.7 and 407.8nm wavelength echoed signal and be reflected to the steam detection channels, 532nm wavelength echoed signal then sees through dichronic mirror 1 and enters the gasoloid detection channels.
At the gasoloid detection channels, 15% 532nm echoed signal is reflexed to low layer gasoloid detection channels by beam splitter 1, the echoed signal that residue sees through is all reflexed to high-rise gasoloid detection channels by beam splitter 2, again through being surveyed by H7680 open type and H7680-01 closed type photomultiplier respectively after the respective filter, echo optical signal is transformed into current signal and enters the Phillips777 amplifier subsequently and amplify, finally be installed in the binary channels CompuScope1610 type AD capture card collection in the industrial computer, storage also shows in real time.
At the steam detection channels, 386.7 and 407.8nm wavelength echoed signal at first enter two butt joint mirrors, the exclusive rete of this eyeglass is only high anti-to echoed signal between these two wavelength, other wavelength is high saturating, plays to eliminate parasitic light and improve the effect of surveying signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); Lens combination and shading diaphragm that next enters one to one, the oblique directional light that has certain reception visual field as everyone knows enter export behind the telescope still be oblique directional light, and the angle of divergence of light beam becomes the numerical value that greatly multiply by after the telescope multiplying power.Therefore the facula deviation that the angle of divergence causes must be considered for light path follow-up light path far away, otherwise being in the light even not receiving any echoed signal of eyeglass on the follow-up light path can be caused.One to one lens combination among the present invention is to play the function of eliminating facula deviation, enter the photomultiplier cathode plane according to what the detailed calculated of various parameters on the design light path make to receive that the oblique incident ray of visual field 3mrad all can not block, thereby realize the closely detection of steam.The effect of shading diaphragm mainly be further limit background stray light and be used for the follow-up light path of steam to light; Two wavelength echoed signals are imported the respective wavelength detection channels respectively by dichronic mirror 2 then, change light signal into electric signal by the EMI9813B photomultiplier.Here what deserves to be mentioned is, for eliminating closely two interchannel light path difference, must employing measure nitrogen Raman echoed signal simultaneously and carry out passage and correct.Therefore dichronic mirror 2 reflexes to steam 407 passages with 12% nitrogen echoed signal, and residue 88% is transmitted to nitrogen 386 passages.In addition, for being convenient for changing the corresponding differential declines sheet that uses of high low layer measurement and correcting and use optical filter, attenuator on the light path and optical filter all adopt dovetail slot mode; After the echo electric signal of final two passages carries out processing and amplifying by the VT120 prime amplifier, be positioned in the interior MCS-pci photon counting card collection of industrial computer, add up, store and show.The concrete technical parameter of vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention is as shown in table 1.
2. practical measuring examples of the present invention
A. atmospheric horizontal visibility practical measuring examples
Use slope method (slope) that the detection data of portable Mie scattering laser radar is handled and to obtain atmospheric horizontal visibility.Fig. 2 provides Ln (P (R) R that afternoon on the 22nd Dec in 2004,17:49 point Raman-Mie scattering laser radar was surveyed
2) and the relation curve of distance R.Wherein, the atmospheric backscatter echoed signal at the distance R place that detects for portable Mie scattering laser radar of P (R).The figure orbicular spot is a measured value, and straight line is the result of least square fitting.As can be seen from Figure 2, in 2 ~ 7km scope, Ln (P (R) R2) and R are good linear relationship.Though along with the increase of detection range R, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the atmospheric backscatter echoed signal of reception diminishes, echoed signal rises and falls to be increased gradually, all centers on the fitting a straight line dipping and heaving.The related coefficient of Ln (P (R) R2) and R is 99.59%, and the standard error of fitting a straight line reflects that 0.145 the horizontal homogeneity of atmospheric aerosol of this day is fine.Half of regression straight line slope is the atmospheric level extinction coefficient α of 532nm wavelength
H=0.496km
-1, corresponding atmospheric horizontal visibility R at that time
VBe 7.89km.
B. the Vertical Profile practical measuring examples of atmospheric aerosol and cirrus extinction coefficient
In order to detect the correctness of this laser radar atmospheric sounding gasoloid Mie scattering echoed signal, we compare the gasoloid Mie scatter echo signal (round dot) and the theoretical modeling signal (solid line) of 22:16 point vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar actual measurement on October 27th, 2004, and the result as shown in Figure 3.Therefrom as can be seen, the echoed signal that reduces to cause owing to the radar detection signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) more than 25km was more discrete, actual measurement profile more than the 5km height and theoretical curve well coincide.This mainly is because the numerical value of this highly actual aerosol load and theoretical pattern is very close, is just measuring under the actual gasoloid echoed signal condition at laser radar, and both are naturally consistent; A little difference of the following actual measured signal of 5km height and theoretical modeling signal then is to cause owing to the actual aerosol load of troposphere lower curtate and theoretical numerical value have than big-difference, this altitude range gasoloid is owing to be subjected to the influence in various gasoloids near the ground source, on time and space scale, all very big difference can be arranged, the necessity and the correctness of radargrammetry atmospheric aerosol also is described simultaneously on the other hand.
Atmospheric aerosol Mie scatter echo signal to radargrammetry, carry out data processing in conjunction with Fernald method and radar equation and can obtain troposphere gasoloid and cirrus extinction coefficient Vertical Profile, below will provide comparatively typical radar actual measured results respectively.
Fig. 4 is the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient profile of 16:36 on daytime on the 11st September in 2004 (square dotted line) and this radargrammetry of 21:08 at night (line of dots), and the solid line that shows in the lump among the figure is an air molecule extinction coefficient profile, compares with aerosol extinction with convenient.As can be seen, near the ground to 3km altitude range Aerosol Extinction all greater than the extinction coefficient of molecule, illustrate that aerocolloidal content is very big in the LOWER TROPOSPHERE atmosphere, be the leading factor that causes atmospheric attenuation; At 3 ~ 6km altitude range, Aerosol Extinction and molecular extinction coefficient are comparatively approaching, illustrate that both are basic identical to the effect of atmospheric attenuation at the middle part, troposphere; At 6 ~ 16km altitude range, the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient is significantly less than atmospheric molecule numerical value, and particularly in the 10-14km scope, this mainly is because the very little cause of top, troposphere aerosol load; Be subjected to the influence of stratospheric aerosol at last, increase once more at the extinction coefficient of the above atmospheric aerosol of 16km, until about the extinction coefficient that reaches atmospheric molecule.In addition, relatively the gasoloid of day and night found that, owing to the interference of strong background signal on daytime, daytime, bigger random fluctuation just appearred in Aerosol Extinction more than 8km, then can reach the 18km height night.Simultaneously the similarity of both profile global shapes shows that this day atmosphere aerosol vertical distribution is very stable.Certainly, more than only be the typical consequence of gasoloid radargrammetry, along with troposphere atmospheric aerosol content on time and space, distribute different, the Aerosol Extinction profile structure of radargrammetry also difference can occur.
Except measuring the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient, radar of the present invention can also be surveyed the high-altitude cirrus.Fig. 5 is the high stratocirrus typical consequence that night on the 29th October in 2004,21:04 measured.Have a high stratocirrus at 8 ~ 10.5km altitude range as can be seen, the peak height of this cirrus is 9.51km, and extinction coefficient reaches 0.121km
-1, thickness reaches about 2.5km.In addition, also have a low cloud structure at 3 ~ 5km altitude range, the peak value extinction coefficient is all less than above cirrus but thickness still is.
C. atmosphere vapour mixing ratio Vertical Profile practical measuring examples
Utilize atmosphere vapour that vehicular Raman-Mie scattering laser radar of the present invention measures and nitrogen molecule Raman (Raman) scattering 407.8 and 386.7 echoed signals, just can draw the Vertical Profile of vapor-to-liquid ratio in conjunction with the Raman lidar solving equation the 355nm wavelength laser.
Correctness for checking lidar measurement vapor-to-liquid ratio of the present invention, at first provide the comparative result of the vapor-to-liquid ratio profile that L625 multifunction laser radar that this radar and this institute develop voluntarily measures at one time, provide the comparison with the meteorological sounding measurement result then, respectively shown in Fig. 6 and 7.The acquisition time of vapor-to-liquid ratio is night on September 16th, 2004 among Fig. 6, and wherein dot-and-dash line is lidar measurement result of the present invention, and solid line is L625 radargrammetry data.Compare as can be seen, both are very identical at 0.9 ~ 4km altitude range, even small steam structure wherein.Do not have corresponding data as for the influence owing to the L625 radar shadow below the 0.9km, lacking of the above data of 4km height then is because the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of this height radar echo signal is too low, reaches due to the detection limit of L625 radar.The altitude range that shows laser radar detection vapor-to-liquid ratio of the present invention thus is far longer than the L625 laser radar, can be near the ground until about 8km.The method that another checking laser radar of the present invention is surveyed the steam correctness is the comparison with same time meteorological sounding data.The acquisition time of data is 20:00 at night on the 29th September in 2004 among Fig. 7, and wherein solid line is the vapor-to-liquid ratio profile of radargrammetry of the present invention, and square dotted line is the vapor-to-liquid ratio that sounding data changes into.Simultaneously because the hygrometric element of meteorological sounding system may be difficult to assurance to relative humidity in the measuring accuracy 20% below, so also to have provided relative humidity among the figure in the lump be that the vapor-to-liquid ratio profile (line of dots) of 20% correspondence is with for referencial use.Radargrammetry from Fig. 7 and sounding data in 0 ~ 10km investigative range, are removed outside the individual areas more as can be seen, and both variation tendencies are more consistent, can both well reflect the structure distribution on this sky and water air space.A little difference between the two as for individual areas mainly has following three reasons: the hygrometric element casing of first meteorological sounding system is slow to the response speed of humidity.Particularly from the high humidity to the low humidity or low humidity be difficult to quick response to the fast change procedure of high humidity; Two to be meteorological sounding systems bigger to the measuring error under the low situation of relative humidity for it, is not respond substantially below 5% in relative humidity; It three is under high-rise low humidity situation, the steam Raman backscattering echo signal weaker that radar receives, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) reduces, and detecting error also increases thereupon.
Except night, radar of the present invention also dialogue sky steam feature is observed.Fig. 8 provides is the vapor-to-liquid ratio profile (dot-and-dash line) that afternoon on the 29th September in 2004,17:00 measured, and it is for referencial use to give night 20:00 steam measurement result simultaneously.As can be seen, the result that day and night is surveyed in the boundary layer is comparatively identical; But more than the height of boundary layer, though radar of the present invention has taked to suppress the technological means of background signal on daytime, but still the measurement data aggravation of vibrating at random appears owing to signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is too poor, signal can't effectively extract from background signal until the 3km height left and right sides.
Above radar of the present invention of process and L625 radar and meteorological sounding system are to the relatively demonstration of same time vapor-to-liquid ratio result of detection, this radargrammetry data stabilization is reliable, the altitude range of surveying night can be near the ground more than 8km, and morning on daytime and reach more than the height of boundary layer the dusk time-division.
Claims (3)
1, the detection method of Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal, be by the laser instrument of output two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser is set, with 532nm, the emission of 15% 355nm laser heavenwards, 85% 355nm laser is the heavenwards emission after expanding bundle, two emission light paths all with the light path parallel of receiving telescope, and do luffing simultaneously with receiving telescope; Receive rear orientation light by receiving telescope, after rear orientation light enters telescope, behind cone, scalable field stop and eyepiece, handle by dichronic mirror, the scattered light of 407nm, 386nm, 532nm is separated into three beams, and the scattered light of 532nm is separated into 15% and 85% 2 bundle again, after these four bundle scattered lights that separate are received by photomultiplier respectively, after the amplifier amplification, carry out data acquisition and processing.
2, Raman-Mie scattering laser radar, this laser radar is made up of four parts:
(1), transmitter unit: adopt laser instrument as laser emitting source, at the laser instrument front end dichronic mirror is installed, the dichronic mirror front end is equipped with the emission lens set of being made up of completely reflecting mirror, the light full impregnated of the 532nm that dichronic mirror sends laser instrument, 355nm light 15% is saturating, 85% 355nm light reflexes on the completely reflecting mirror, and through 355nm wavelength beam expanding lens directive sky, laser instrument makes that by emission lens set and beam expanding lens the light beam of directive sky is all parallel with the reception optical axis of receiving telescope;
(2), radar receives and follow-up optical unit: the Cassegrain type telescope that comprises the movable luffing carried out of installing, the telescopical rear end of Cassegrain type is equipped with cone successively, scalable field stop (1), eyepiece, dichronic mirror (1) and beam splitter (1), beam splitter (2), dichronic mirror (1) is to 407nm, the light of 386nm is all-trans, light full impregnated to 532nm, 407nm after dichronic mirror (1) reflection, the butt joint mirror group that completely reflecting mirror is formed is installed in the dual wavelength echoed signal light path of 386nm successively, lens combination, diaphragm (2), dichronic mirror (2), 407nm, the light of 386nm is after dichronic mirror (2) separates, received by photomultiplier respectively, and after amplifier amplifies, be sent to photon counter 1 respectively, photon counter 2; The light of 532nm wherein 15% is received by the low layer photomultiplier by beam splitter (1) reflection back, is reflexed to high-rise photomultiplier through 85% 532 light signals of beam splitter (1) transmission by beam splitter (2) and receives, and finally is sent to amplifier and amplifies;
(3), data acquisition unit: form by photomultiplier, amplifier, A/D capture card and photon counter;
(4), the gating circuit of photomultiplier, signal delay pulse producer, main wave producer and storage of industrial computer composition data and control module.
3, laser radar according to claim 2 is characterized in that laser instrument adopts powerlite8020 model Nd:YAG laser instrument, exports two frequency multiplication 532nm and frequency tripling 355nm laser respectively; Beam expanding lens is 3 power beam expansion lens.
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