CN103616698A - Atmosphere fine particle spatial and temporal distribution Raman mie scattering laser radar surveying device - Google Patents
Atmosphere fine particle spatial and temporal distribution Raman mie scattering laser radar surveying device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0007—Investigating dispersion of gas
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmosphere fine particle spatial and temporal distribution Raman mie scattering laser radar surveying device. The device works at the wavelengths of 532nm, 355nm and 387nm and is provided with four detection channels. A light source is an Nd: YAG solid laser. According to the transmitting optical design, a single multi-wavelength coupling transmitting telescope is used. According to the receiving optical system design, a receiving telescope which is high in efficiency and small in caliber is used. According to the subsequent optical design, a multi-channel subsequent optical system is used. Expansion is facilitated, and a high protection grade and the high electromagnetic-interference-resisting capability are achieved. Detection light for detecting the wavelength of 532nm and detection light for detecting the wavelength of 355nm share the same transmitting telescope. A transmitting optical system and a receiving optical system are coaxially designed, and the systems are provided with small detection dead zones and designed with 387nm wavelength nitrogen Raman detection channels. Detection of the laser radar ratio close to a ground layer can be achieved, the detection precision of the systems is ensured, and synchronous remote sensing detection on multiple parameters of atmosphere fine particles is achieved. The device can be launched into the atmosphere at any angle so as to achieve all-weather on-line detection on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the atmosphere fine particles. The device has the advantages of being high in detection precision, little in inversion error, high in spatial and temporal resolution and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser radar optics telemetering device, be specially a kind of new pattern laser radar installations of realizing the round-the-clock detection of Fine Particles spatial-temporal distribution characteristic high precision.
Background technology
Fine Particles is the pollutant that a class is less, and its diameter is generally no more than 2.5 microns, therefore stronger to scattering of light effect, is easy to cause the formation of gray haze under disadvantageous meteorological condition.Itself is exactly probably harmful gas or heavy metal for these particles, and human body is damaged; On the other hand, they also can become the carrier of virus and bacterium, for the propagation of respiratory infectious disease is added fuel to the flames.
Since the eighties in 20th century, Chinese society economy enters the high speed development stage, the short 20 years century-old migration path in developed country of just walking to be over, in addition, because a lot of enterprises have taked rough property production and operation mode, gross contamination emission and discharge intensity are large, cause the Ecological and environmental problems that should occur in different phase embody a concentrated reflection of in a short time and break out out, discharge of major pollutant amount is considerably beyond environmental capacity, cause China's environment to suffer serious pollution, situation is unprecedentedly severe.Although through effort for many years, In The Atmosphere Over China pollution situation has some improvement, but, In The Atmosphere Over China environmental quality (particularly city atmospheric environment quality) does not obtain fundamental turn for the better, still the developing state worsening in minor betterment, integral body at present, and show regional and compound new feature.Wherein, the gray haze contamination phenomenon that high concentration Fine Particles forms, frequently appears at the developed area ，Shi China such as Beijing-Tianjin Ji, Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta and is badly in need of at present the atmosphere polluting problem solving.
Although China has set up the air quality monitoring station net centered by city, monitor every day to wind speed, wind direction, visibility, SO2, NO2 and PM10 etc., these automatic monitor stations are most to be rested on the statistics of meteorological condition and conventional monitoring of polluting, the actual state that can not reflect atmospheric pollution completely, makes Air Quality Evaluation result and public's direct feel inconsistent.Research shows, Fine Particles is one of main product of atmospheric photochemical reaction, and Fine Particles is greater than 80% to the contribution of atmospheric extinction, is the major reason that causes atmosphere gray haze phenomenon; Current, the explanation air quality index (API) of science and the difference of public's perception depend primarily on fine particle ratio determine in Atmospheric particulates.
One of laser radar effect is important remote optical sensing detection means, can realize the detection of detection, atmospheric horizontal visibility and the particle particle properties of whole atmospheric aerosol delustring Vertical Profile, can effectively make up current China not enough in Atmospheric particulates remote sensing, contribute to carry out the source distribution that comes of aerosol granules, analyse atmos particle characteristic, resolve the fine particle spatial and temporal distributions of haze weather, the time-evolution of the above sand and dust in analyse atmos boundary layer and cirrus characteristic and mixolimnion thickness and dynamic structure.
And at present, can realize Fine Particles spatial-temporal distribution characteristic automatic detection equipment very deficiently, do not have instrument in real time Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions characteristic to be surveyed by automatic on-line.At present, for the laser radar surveyed of Atmospheric particulates mainly contain two classes, a class is that to survey wavelength be the Mie scattering laser radar of 532nm and 1064nm, especially 532nm surveys the laser radar of wavelength.Comprise single wavelength Mie scattering laser radar, micro-pulse lidar and with Mie scatter radar of Polarization Detection characteristic etc., it surveys the laser instrument using is lamp pump Nd:YAG solid state laser or semiconductor pumped Nd:YAG, export more stable, linear polarization degree is higher, Nd:YAG laser gain is large, and laser threshold is low, crystal good heat conductivity, can export by high-repetition-rate, general tens Hz are easy to reach.Atmosphere be take scattering as main in 532nm wavelength region may, absorbs very littlely, and atmospheric aerosol and cirrus are larger to the backscattering cross of 532nm wavelength, and photomultiplier is higher in the quantum efficiency of this wavelength region may.The laser radar that the 532nm wavelength of take is light source is suitable for sand and dust in atmosphere, cirrus and the aerocolloidal detection of bulky grain thing, and from Mie scattering theory, this is surveyed wavelength and is unfavorable for airborne fine particulate matter to survey.
Another kind of is to take 355nm as surveying the laser radar of wavelength, the laser of wavelength 355nm is mainly to utilize Nd:YAG solid state laser to obtain, laser instrument stable output, and commercialization light source easily obtains, 355nm wavelength laser is shorter than 532nm wavelength, can observe tiny particle.The radar that utilizes 355nm wavelength laser light source to carry out atmospheric exploration can be subdivided into again two kinds, a kind of is 355nm wavelength Mie scattering laser radar, the detection system of this laser radar only receives the elastic scattering signal that 355nm wavelength detection wavelength produces, during data inversion, with Mie scattering laser radar equation, solve, although this laser radar can be observed the information of Fine Particles, but while using Mie scattering laser radar equation solution extinction coefficient, need to suppose Lidar Ratios introducing error, affect Fine Particles observed result.Another kind is 355nm wavelength Raman Mie scattering laser radar, the detection system of this laser radar receives elastic scattering signal and the inelastic scattering signal that 355nm wavelength detection wavelength produces, 355nm surveys the Raman scattering (centre wavelength is at 386.7nm) that wavelength excites the high and the most more stable gas molecule of concentration in atmosphere, the Raman scattering signal that telescope receives only includes aerocolloidal delustring, and it is irrelevant with aerocolloidal backscattering coefficient, therefore can pass through the aerocolloidal extinction coefficient of inelastic scattering signal acquisition, during this data inversion, do not need to suppose Lidar Ratios as Mie scattering equation solves, can obtain extinction coefficient more accurately, and then obtain Fine Particles information more accurately.This laser radar is that current Fine Particles laser radar detection is needed, but such laser radar apparatus is experiment level equipment at present, its emission coefficient structure is generally if a Chinese patent CN200910185155.6(Granted publication day of one of the applicant Anhui Inst. of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is on April 7th, 2010) middle laser radar symmetric distributed beam emissions method of reseptance and the device of describing, tunable optical device is a lot, and emission coefficient is relatively complicated; And receiving optics as a Chinese patent CN200510038204.5(Granted publication day of Anhui Inst. of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences be on August 24th, 2005) in detection method and the laser radar of the Raman-Mie scattering laser atmospheric signal described, receiving telescope bore is all greater than 400mm, the equal more complicated of receiving system and huge, is not suitable for unmanned robotization business monitoring operation and uses.And the coaxial transmitter-telescope of apparatus of the present invention invention design multi-wavelength, laser radar receiving optics and the follow-up optical system of hyperchannel etc., make system there is better stability, detection efficiency and precision, meet the needs of business department to the operation of the long-time unmanned of Fine Particles businessization.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman-Mie scattering lidar measurement device, and the Automatic continuous that realization is carried out high-accuracy high-resolution to Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions is surveyed in line serviceization, used to innovation the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength, carrying out Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions characteristic surveys, receiving optics and the follow-up optical system of high-level efficiency and high stability have been designed, utilize small-bore telescope to realize Raman scattering acquisition of signal, reduced due to the supposition Lidar Ratios error that inverting is brought into extinction coefficient, improve the inversion accuracy of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions information, solved the problem of the complicated poor stability of optical texture of Raman Mie scattering laser radar system, the needs that current business department surveys the long-time business automatic on-line of Fine Particles have been met.
The technology of the present invention solution: a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device, is characterized in that comprising: Fine Particles probe source 1, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength, the first catoptron 3, the second catoptron 4, laser radar receiving optics 5, the follow-up optical system 6 of hyperchannel, laser radar base 7, computing machine 9, instantaneous state recorder 10, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of described Fine Particles probe source 1 and multi-wavelength carries in laser radar receiving optics 5, with laser radar receiving optics 5, forward to, described Fine Particles probe source 1 is that Nd:YAG laser instrument is solidified in miniaturization entirely, emission center wavelength is the detection light of 532nm and 355nm, the light shaft coaxle of two wavelength detection light, all by the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength, collimated and expand, the emission angle of two detecting light beams is all compressed into 0.4mrad, be collimated the good alignment that has of 532nm wavelength detection light after expanding and 355nm wavelength detection light, two fleet angles of surveying light are less than 0.1mrad, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of described multi-wavelength is multi-wavelength achromatism collimator and extender telescope, at ultraviolet light 355nm wavelength and visible ray 532nm wavelength, has the transmitance that is greater than 85%, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 entrance pupil diameter 5mm of multi-wavelength, exit pupil diameter 30mm, expanding multiple is 10 times, described the second catoptron 4 is positioned on laser radar receiving optics 5 optical axises, and centre wavelength is that 532nm and 355nm detection light are transmitted in atmosphere along laser radar receiving optics 5 optical axises after the second catoptron 4, described laser radar receiving optics 5 is arranged on laser radar base 7, can realize any luffing angle adjustment, laser radar receiving optics 5 is surveyed bore 200mm, system focal length is 2000mm, F number is F/10, occlusion area ratio is 18%, the high reflecting medium film of laser radar receiving optics 5 plating, visible reflectance to 532nm wavelength is greater than 98%, ultraviolet light reflectivity to 355nm wavelength and 387nm wavelength is greater than 95%, and 5 pairs of total transmitances of surveying light of laser radar receiving optics are better than 70%, the follow-up optical system 6 of described hyperchannel is arranged on laser radar receiving optics 5 rear ends, the two optical axis coincidence, the follow-up optical system 6 of hyperchannel has closed housing metal shell, degree of protection and the A level anti-electromagnetic interference capability with IP5, avoid the interference to system of extraneous parasitic light and electromagnetic signal, can realize the flashlight of 9 order of magnitude dynamic ranges is surveyed at complex environment, can complete light splitting and the detection of 4 passage light signals simultaneously, detection channels number can extend to 5, different interchannel optical signal isolation abilities are better than 46dB, can realize the highly sensitive detection of weak signal light, described each component working of computing machine 9 automatic control systems, computing machine 9 links with laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10 respectively, monitor in real time the duty of Fine Particles probe source 1, laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10, if each component working state of monitoring system is normal, computing machine 9 sends working signal instruction first to signal laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10, two parts enter pre-duty, simultaneously to computing machine 9 return signals, laser power supply 8 completes after self and 1 self check of Fine Particles probe source and preheating, Emission Lasers pulse is started working, and send synchronizing signal to instantaneous state recorder 10, instantaneous state recorder 10 starts to carry out data acquisition, and to computing machine 9, send the signal of its duties, computing machine 9 starts acquisition counter and timing, instantaneous state recorder 10 is synchronously from 387nm detector 27, 355nm detector 31, 532nm-P detector 35 and 532nm-S detector 39 carry out data acquisition, and actual acquisition umber of pulse is real-time transmitted to computing machine 9, computing machine 9 carries out timing according to the actual acquisition umber of pulse of instantaneous state recorder 10 feedbacks, after sprocket pulse number finishes, computing machine 9 sends to laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10 transmission working signal instructions the order that quits work, 9 pairs of acquired data storage of computing machine and data inversion work.
The coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of described multi-wavelength is by K9 negative lens 12, barium fluoride positive lens 13, K9 positive lens 14, barium fluoride negative lens 15 and K9 negative lens 16 form, be respectively-the 9.12mm of radius-of-curvature of described K9 negative lens 12 front and backs and-13.2mm, barium fluoride positive lens 13 front and back radius-of-curvature are respectively 45mm and 25mm, K9 negative lens 12 forms the first gummed mirror with barium fluoride positive lens 13, be placed in entrance pupil flange 19, after fixing by trim ring 20, can move forward and backward along coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 optical axises of multi-wavelength with entrance pupil flange 19, be convenient to regulate, K9 positive lens 14, barium fluoride negative lens 15 and K9 negative lens 16 form the second gummed mirror, and the output terminal that is placed on the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength is fixed by trim ring 17, the front and back radius-of-curvature of described K9 positive lens 14 is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of K9 positive lens 14 front and backs is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of the front and back of barium fluoride negative lens 15 is-78.6mm and-98mm, K9 negative lens 16 front and back radius-of-curvature are respectively 51mm and 95.8mm, the long 150mm of the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength, barium fluoride positive lens 13 below and K9 positive lens 14 above distance between 120-130mm,
The follow-up optical system 6 of described hyperchannel is used modularization to exempt from tuning design, compact conformation, and the sigtnal interval is high from degree, easily expansion, optical stability is high, and applied range just can be applicable on the laser radar apparatus of other field by changing optical element.First the echoed signal of different wave length, through tunable aperture 21, the follow-up optical system 6 of admission passage, aperture 21 clear aperature tuning ranges are 1mm-5mm, after collimation lens 22, the echoed signal of different wave length becomes quasi-parallel light beam, and collimation lens 22 is focal length 120mm quartz lens, and front-back is all coated with the anti-reflection deielectric-coating of Uv and visible light; Parallel beam after collimation is after the first spectroscope 23, the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is reflected, and wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight are transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is through 24 transmittings of the one 45 ° of catoptron, by 387nm optical filter 25 and 387nm condensing lens 26, enter 387nm detector 27 and be converted to 387nm detection channels electric signal successively; And wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight enter the second spectroscope 28, wavelength 532nm flashlight is launched, and the flashlight of wavelength 355nm is transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 355nm by 355nm optical filter 29 and 355nm condensing lens 30, enters 355nm detector 31 and is converted to 355nm detection channels electric signal successively; Wavelength 532nm flashlight is divided into 532nm-P flashlight and 532nm-S flashlight through inspection polarizing prism 32,3245 ° of transmittings of the tested polarizing prism of 532nm-P flashlight, successively by a 532nm optical filter 33 and 532nm-P focus lamp 34, enter 532nm-P detector 35 conversion 532nm-P detection channels electric signal, 532nm-S flashlight sees through inspection polarizing prism 32, by 36 transmittings of the 2 45 ° of transmitting mirror, by the 2nd 532nm optical filter 37 and 532nm-S focus lamp 38, enter 532nm-S detector 39 conversion 532nm-S detection channels electric signal successively.
Centre wavelength is optical axis and laser radar receiving optics 5 light shaft coaxles that 532nm and 355nm survey light, and laser radar apparatus detection blind area is less than 100m, can realize ground layer detection of pollutants; Device is realized fine particle in Atmospheric particulates and ultrafine particle is surveyed, and its minimum grain size that can respond is about 10nm.
Described Fine Particles probe source 1 and instantaneous state recorder 10 synchronously carry out collecting work, and lock in time, error was less than 10ns, and laser radar apparatus Range resolution error is better than 3m; Utilize Raman signal to proofread and correct Mie scattering signal, improve extinction coefficient inverting accuracy, the error of calculation of extinction coefficient is better than to 10%; Realize Fine Particles physical characteristics, optical characteristics, mass concentration, transport fluxes and the inverting of pollution source multiparameter, described device can be realized unmanned round-the-clock running, and data acquisition analysis automatically, can realize networking and automatic operating.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
(1) in the present invention, the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength is a kind of multi-wavelength achromatism collimator and extender telescope, by the lens of 3 K9 materials and the lens of 2 barium fluoride materials, formed, can be applicable to the beam-expanding collimation of Uv and visible light, at 355nm wavelength and 532nm wavelength transmitance, be greater than 85%, multi-wavelength light beam is carried out to 10 times of collimator and extenders simultaneously, there is fine color difference eliminating energy, and guarantee that expanding rear two-beam deviation angle is less than 0.1mrad.In published technical literature, do not see the report of the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength achromatism collimation multi-wavelength that possesses this technical parameter, in published technical literature, collimation multi-wavelength coaxial transmitter-telescope is generally operational in single wavelength or only at visible spectrum, or only in purple light spectral range, and multi-wavelength achromatism collimator and extender telescope in the present invention can be worked together and is operated in visible ray and ultraviolet spectrum scope, and effectively eliminate aberration between different wave length, guaranteed that light beam has very little deviation angle.This external material selection aspect, is used low-cost cheap K9 glass and barium fluoride glass, has greatly reduced production cost.
(2) in the present invention, laser radar transmitting optics unit has been used a coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength to substitute a plurality of single wavelength emission telescopes, this method for designing, realized in laser radar transmitting optics unit, do not use spectroscope and the mirror of turning back, reduced the number of catoptron, and then reduce in light splitting and reflection process, to survey Energy Damage and the isoparametric variation of light polarization of light belt, reduce components and parts simultaneously, be the labile factor that system is introduced; In addition, the invention enables angle between different detecting light beam optical axises and laser radar receiving optics optical axis to there is same error, and the laser radar detection blind area of the different detecting light beams that therefore parameter causes is identical with zone of transition, in the calculating that can reduce of these variablees of later stage refutation process, reduce blind area and the zone of transition of laser radar apparatus in parametric inversions such as wavelength ratio or Angstrom indexes, increased the detectivity of laser radar apparatus.
(3) in the present invention, device can be realized fine particle in Atmospheric particulates and ultrafine particle detection, can survey the ultrafine particle that minimum grain size is about 10nm, device has higher detection accuracy, less detecting error, can realize Fine Particles, the extinction coefficient error of calculation is better than to 10%; Realize the multiparameter inverting of the physics such as Fine Particles mass concentration, transport fluxes, pollution source and optical characteristics.
(4) in the present invention, used small-bore telescope to realize nitrogen Raman scattering acquisition of signal, reduce transmitting optics unit and received the number of elements in optical unit, more stable and compact in structure, be conducive to the long-time operation automatically of industrialization and businessization.
(5) the present invention can realize unmanned round-the-clock running, and data acquisition analysis automatically, can realize networking and automatic operating; Realize Fine Particles physical characteristics, optical characteristics, mass concentration, transport fluxes and the inverting of pollution source multiparameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of sniffer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the coaxial transmitter-telescope composition frame chart of multi-wavelength;
Fig. 3 is the follow-up optical system composition frame chart of hyperchannel.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device of the present invention is provided with Fine Particles probe source 1, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength, the first catoptron 3, the second catoptron 4, laser radar receiving optics 5, the follow-up optical system 6 of hyperchannel, laser radar base 7, computing machine 9, instantaneous state recorder 10, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of Fine Particles probe source 1 and multi-wavelength carries in laser radar receiving optics 5, with laser radar receiving optics 5, forward to, Fine Particles probe source 1 is that Nd:YAG laser instrument is solidified in miniaturization entirely, emission center wavelength is the detection light of 532nm and 355nm, the light shaft coaxle of two wavelength detection light, all by the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength, collimated and expand, the emission angle of two detecting light beams is all compressed into 0.4mrad, be collimated the good alignment that has of 532nm wavelength detection light after expanding and 355nm wavelength detection light, two fleet angles of surveying light are less than 0.1mrad, the coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 of multi-wavelength is multi-wavelength achromatism collimator and extender telescope, at ultraviolet light 355nm wavelength and visible ray 532nm wavelength, has the transmitance that is greater than 85%, the coaxial transmitter-telescope entrance pupil of multi-wavelength diameter 5mm, exit pupil diameter 30mm, expanding multiple is 10 times, described the second catoptron 4 is positioned on laser radar receiving optics 5 optical axises, and centre wavelength is that 532nm and 355nm detection light are transmitted in atmosphere along laser radar receiving optics 5 optical axises after the second catoptron 4, described laser radar receiving optics 5 is arranged on laser radar base 7, can realize any luffing angle adjustment, laser radar receiving optics 5 is surveyed bore 200mm, system focal length is 2000mm, F number is F/10, occlusion area ratio is 18%, the high reflecting medium film of laser radar receiving optics 5 plating, visible reflectance to 532nm wavelength is greater than 98%, ultraviolet light reflectivity to 355nm wavelength and 387nm wavelength is greater than 95%, and 5 pairs of total transmitances of surveying light of laser radar receiving optics are better than 70%, the follow-up optical system 6 of hyperchannel is arranged on laser radar receiving optics 5 rear ends, the two optical axis coincidence, the follow-up optical system 6 of passage has closed housing metal shell, degree of protection and the A level anti-electromagnetic interference capability with IP5, avoid the interference to system of extraneous parasitic light and electromagnetic signal, can realize the flashlight of 9 order of magnitude dynamic ranges is surveyed at complex environment, can complete light splitting and the detection of 4 passage light signals simultaneously, detection channels number can extend to 5, different interchannel optical signal isolation abilities are better than 46dB, can realize the highly sensitive detection of weak signal light, each component working of computing machine 9 automatic control systems, computing machine 9 links with laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10 respectively, monitor in real time the duty of Fine Particles probe source 1, laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10, if each component working state of monitoring system is normal, computing machine 9 sends working signal instruction first to signal laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10, two parts enter pre-duty, simultaneously to computing machine 9 return signals, laser power supply 8 completes after self and 1 self check of Fine Particles probe source and preheating, Emission Lasers pulse is started working, and send synchronizing signal to instantaneous state recorder 10, instantaneous state recorder 10 starts to carry out data acquisition, and to computing machine 9, send the signal of its duties, computing machine 9 starts acquisition counter and timing, instantaneous state recorder 10 is synchronously from 387nm detector 27, 355nm detector 31, 532nm-P detector 35 and 532nm-S detector 39 carry out data acquisition, and actual acquisition umber of pulse is real-time transmitted to computing machine 9, computing machine 9 carries out timing according to the actual acquisition umber of pulse of instantaneous state recorder 10 feedbacks, after sprocket pulse number finishes, computing machine 9 sends to laser power supply 8 and instantaneous state recorder 10 transmission working signal instructions the order that quits work, computing machine (9) is to acquired data storage and data inversion work.
The course of work of the present invention: coaxial transmitter-telescope 2 structures of described multi-wavelength form as shown in Figure 2, by K9 negative lens 12, barium fluoride positive lens 13, K9 positive lens 14, barium fluoride negative lens 15 and K9 negative lens 16 form, be respectively-the 9.12mm of radius-of-curvature of described K9 negative lens 12 front and backs and-13.2mm, barium fluoride positive lens 13 front and back radius-of-curvature are respectively 45mm and 25mm, K9 negative lens 12 forms the first gummed mirror with barium fluoride positive lens 13, be placed in entrance pupil flange 19, after fixing by trim ring 20, can move forward and backward along the coaxial transmitter-telescope optical axis of multi-wavelength with entrance pupil flange 19, be convenient to regulate, K9 positive lens 14, barium fluoride negative lens 15 and K9 negative lens 16 form the second gummed mirror, and the output terminal that is placed on the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength is fixed by trim ring 17, the front and back radius-of-curvature of described K9 positive lens 14 is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of K9 positive lens 14 front and backs is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of the front and back of barium fluoride negative lens 15 is-78.6mm and-98mm, K9 negative lens 16 front and back radius-of-curvature are respectively 51mm and 95.8mm, the long 150mm of the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength, barium fluoride positive lens 13 below and K9 positive lens 14 above distance between 120-130mm,
The course of work of the present invention: the follow-up optical system 6 of described hyperchannel is used modularization to exempt from tuning design, compact conformation, sigtnal interval is high from degree, easily expansion, optical stability is high, applied range, just can be applicable on the laser radar apparatus of other field by changing optical element, and follow-up optical system 6 structures of hyperchannel form as shown in Figure 3.The echoed signal of different wave length, through tunable aperture 21, the follow-up optical system 6 of admission passage, aperture 21 clear aperature tuning ranges are 1mm-5mm, after collimation lens 22, the echoed signal of different wave length becomes quasi-parallel light beam, and collimation lens 22 is focal length 120mm quartz lens, and front-back is all coated with the anti-reflection deielectric-coating of Uv and visible light; Parallel beam after collimation is after the first spectroscope 23, the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is reflected, and wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight are transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is through 24 transmittings of the one 45 ° of catoptron, by 387nm optical filter 25 and 387nm condensing lens 26, enter 387nm detector 27 and be converted to 387nm detection channels electric signal successively; And wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight enter the second spectroscope 28, wavelength 532nm flashlight is launched, and the flashlight of wavelength 355nm is transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 355nm by 355nm optical filter 29 and 355nm condensing lens 30, enters 355nm detector 31 and is converted to 355nm detection channels electric signal successively; Wavelength 532nm flashlight is divided into 532nm-P flashlight and 532nm-S flashlight through inspection polarizing prism 32,3245 ° of transmittings of the tested polarizing prism of 532nm-P flashlight, successively by a 532nm optical filter 33 and 532nm-P focus lamp 34, enter 532nm-P detector 35 conversion 532nm-P detection channels electric signal, 532nm-S flashlight sees through inspection polarizing prism 32, by 36 transmittings of the 2 45 ° of transmitting mirror, by the 2nd 532nm optical filter 37 and 532nm-S focus lamp 38, enter 532nm-S detector 39 conversion 532nm-S detection channels electric signal successively; Apparatus of the present invention centre wavelength is that 532nm and 355nm survey light, transmitting optics optical axis and laser radar receiving optics 5 light shaft coaxles, and laser radar apparatus detection blind area is less than 100m, can realize ground layer detection of pollutants; Device is realized fine particle in Atmospheric particulates and ultrafine particle is surveyed, and its minimum grain size that can respond is about 10nm; Fine Particles probe source 1 and instantaneous state recorder 10 synchronously carry out collecting work, and lock in time, error was less than 10ns, and laser radar apparatus Range resolution error is better than 3m; Utilize Raman signal to proofread and correct Mie scattering signal, improve extinction coefficient inverting accuracy, the error of calculation of extinction coefficient is better than to 10%; Realize the multiparameter inverting of the physics such as Fine Particles mass concentration, transport fluxes, pollution source and optical characteristics, described device can be realized unmanned round-the-clock running, and data acquisition analysis automatically, can realize networking and automatic operating.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's common practise.
Claims (9)
1. a Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device, is characterized in that comprising: Fine Particles probe source (1), the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2), the first catoptron (3), the second catoptron (4), laser radar receiving optics (5), the follow-up optical system of hyperchannel (6), laser radar base (7), computing machine (9) and instantaneous state recorder (10), described Fine Particles probe source (1) and the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2) carry in laser radar receiving optics (5), with laser radar receiving optics (5), rotate, the detection center wavelength of light of described Fine Particles probe source (1) is 532nm and 355nm, the light shaft coaxle of two wavelength detection light, all by the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2), collimated and expand, after expanding, the emission angle of two detecting light beams is all compressed into 0.4mrad, be collimated the good alignment that has of 532nm wavelength detection light after expanding and 355nm wavelength detection light, two fleet angles of surveying light are less than 0.1mrad, the coaxial transmitter-telescope of described multi-wavelength (2) can collimate and expand the aberration that reduces different wave length a plurality of wavelength simultaneously, and it has at ultraviolet light 355nm wavelength and visible ray 532nm wavelength the transmitance that is greater than 85%, the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2) entrance pupil diameter 5mm, exit pupil diameter 30mm, expanding multiple is 10 times, described the second catoptron (4) is positioned on laser radar receiving optics (5) optical axis, and centre wavelength is that 532nm and 355nm detection light are transmitted in atmosphere along laser radar receiving optics (5) optical axis after the second catoptron (4), described laser radar receiving optics (5) is arranged on laser radar base (7), can realize any luffing angle adjustment, laser radar receiving optics (5) is surveyed bore 200mm, system focal length is 2000mm, F number is F/10, occlusion area ratio is 18%, laser radar receiving optics (5) is plated high reflecting medium film, visible reflectance to 532nm wavelength is greater than 98%, ultraviolet light reflectivity to 355nm wavelength and 387nm wavelength is greater than 95%, and laser radar receiving optics (5) is better than 70% to surveying total transmitance of light, the follow-up optical system of described hyperchannel (6) is arranged on laser radar receiving optics (5) rear end, the two optical axis coincidence, each component working of described computing machine (9) automatic control system, computing machine (9) links with laser power supply (8) and instantaneous state recorder (10) respectively, monitor in real time the duty of Fine Particles probe source (1), laser power supply (8) and instantaneous state recorder (10), if each component working state of monitoring system is normal, computing machine (9) sends working signal instruction first to signal laser power supply (8) and instantaneous state recorder (10), two parts enter pre-duty, simultaneously to computing machine (9) return signal, laser power supply (8) completes after self and (1) self check of Fine Particles probe source and preheating, Emission Lasers pulse is started working, and send synchronizing signal to instantaneous state recorder (10), instantaneous state recorder (10) starts to carry out data acquisition, and to computing machine (9), send the signal of its duty, computing machine (9) starts acquisition counter and timing, instantaneous state recorder (10) is synchronously from 387nm detector (27), 355nm detector (31), 532nm-P detector (35) and 532nm-S detector (39) carry out data acquisition, and actual acquisition umber of pulse is real-time transmitted to computing machine (9), computing machine (9) carries out timing according to the actual acquisition umber of pulse of instantaneous state recorder (10) feedback, after sprocket pulse number finishes, computing machine (9) sends to laser power supply (8) and the instruction of instantaneous state recorder (10) transmission working signal the order that quits work, computing machine (9) is to acquired data storage and data inversion work.
2. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coaxial transmitter-telescope of described multi-wavelength (2) is by K9 negative lens (12), barium fluoride positive lens (13), K9 positive lens (14), barium fluoride negative lens (15) and K9 negative lens (16) form, be respectively-the 9.12mm of radius-of-curvature of described K9 negative lens (12) front and back and-13.2mm, barium fluoride positive lens (13) front and back radius-of-curvature is respectively 45mm and 25mm, K9 negative lens (12) forms the first gummed mirror with barium fluoride positive lens (13), be placed in entrance pupil flange (19), after fixing by trim ring (20), move forward and backward along the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2) optical axis with entrance pupil flange (19), be convenient to regulate, K9 positive lens (14), barium fluoride negative lens (15) and K9 negative lens (16) form the second gummed mirror, and the output terminal that is placed on the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2) is fixing by trim ring (17), the front and back radius-of-curvature of described K9 positive lens (14) is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of K9 positive lens (14) front and back is respectively 145mm and 95mm, the radius-of-curvature of the front and back of barium fluoride negative lens (15) is-78.6mm and-98mm, K9 negative lens (16) front and back radius-of-curvature is respectively 51mm and 95.8mm, the long 150mm of the coaxial transmitter-telescope of multi-wavelength (2), barium fluoride positive lens (13) below and K9 positive lens (14) above distance between 120-130mm.
3. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the follow-up optical system of described hyperchannel (6) comprises tunable aperture (21), collimation lens (22), the first spectroscope (23), the one 45 ° of catoptron (24), 387nm optical filter (25), 387nm condensing lens (26), 387nm detector (27), the second spectroscope (28), 355nm optical filter (29), 355nm condensing lens (30), 355nm detector (31), inspection polarizing prism (32), the one 532nm optical filter (33), 532nm-P focus lamp (34), 532nm-P detector (35), the 2 45 ° of transmitting mirror (36), the 2nd 532nm optical filter (37), 532nm-S focus lamp (38) and 532nm-S detector (39), first the echoed signal of different wave length, through tunable aperture (21), enter, after collimation lens (22), the echoed signal of different wave length becomes quasi-parallel light beam, parallel beam after collimation is after the first spectroscope (23), the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is reflected, wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight are transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 387nm is launched through the one 45 ° of catoptron (24), by 387nm optical filter (25) and 387nm condensing lens (26), enter 387nm detector (27) and be converted to 387nm detection channels electric signal successively, and wavelength 355nm and 532nm flashlight enter the second spectroscope (28), wavelength 532nm flashlight is launched, and the flashlight of wavelength 355nm is transmitted, the flashlight of wavelength 355nm by 355nm optical filter (29) and 355nm condensing lens (30), enters 355nm detector (31) and is converted to 355nm detection channels electric signal successively, wavelength 532nm flashlight is divided into 532nm-P flashlight and 532nm-S flashlight through inspection polarizing prism (32), (32) 45 ° of transmittings of the tested polarizing prism of 532nm-P flashlight, successively by a 532nm optical filter (33) and 532nm-P focus lamp (34), enter 532nm-P detector (35) conversion 532nm-P detection channels electric signal, 532nm-S flashlight sees through inspection polarizing prism (32), by the 2 45 ° of transmitting mirror (36), launched, by the 2nd 532nm optical filter (37) and 532nm-S focus lamp (38), enter 532nm-S detector (39) conversion 532nm-S detection channels electric signal successively.
4. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described device can be realized fine particle in Atmospheric particulates and ultrafine particle are surveyed, and its minimum grain size that can respond is about 10nm.
5. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Fine Particles probe source (1) and instantaneous state recorder (10) synchronously carry out collecting work, lock in time, error was less than 10ns, and laser radar apparatus Range resolution error is better than 3m.
6. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described aperture (21) clear aperature tuning range is 1mm-5mm.
7. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described collimation lens (22) is focal length 120mm quartz lens, and front-back is all coated with the anti-reflection deielectric-coating of Uv and visible light.
8. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Fine Particles probe source (1) is that Nd:YAG laser instrument is solidified in miniaturization entirely.
9. a kind of Fine Particles spatial and temporal distributions Raman Mie scattering lidar measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the follow-up optical system of described hyperchannel (6) has closed housing metal shell, degree of protection and the A level anti-electromagnetic interference capability with IP5, avoid the interference to system of extraneous parasitic light and electromagnetic signal, can realize the flashlight of 9 order of magnitude dynamic ranges is surveyed at complex environment, can complete light splitting and the detection of 4 passage light signals simultaneously, detection channels number can extend to 5, different interchannel optical signal isolation abilities are better than 46dB, can realize the highly sensitive detection of weak signal light.
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| CN111007481A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-14 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Measuring device and measuring method for atmospheric detection laser radar receiving telescope field of view |
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