CN100535686C - Mobile atmosphere environmental detecting laser radar and its detection - Google Patents
Mobile atmosphere environmental detecting laser radar and its detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN100535686C CN100535686C CNB2006100397967A CN200610039796A CN100535686C CN 100535686 C CN100535686 C CN 100535686C CN B2006100397967 A CNB2006100397967 A CN B2006100397967A CN 200610039796 A CN200610039796 A CN 200610039796A CN 100535686 C CN100535686 C CN 100535686C
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Abstract
An airborne laser radar of atmospheric environment detection consists of airplane platform, receiving telescope, Nb:YAG laser being set with 532nm wavelength on side arm of said telescope, power supply unit and cooling unit. It is featured as erecting beam-expansion mirror at emission opening of laser; forming said telescope by protective mirror plated with anti-reflection film in 532nm wavelength, master mirror and sub-mirror both plated with all-reflection film in 532nm wavelength, shutter with minimum vision angle of 0.5mrad, focusing lens, filer and photoelectric amplifier tube of R7400U type.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of laser radar, specifically is a kind of airborne atmospheric environment detection radar and detection method thereof.
Background technology
Laser radar is to be light source with laser, and the radiation signal by exploring laser light and atmospheric interaction comes remote sensing atmosphere.The interaction of laser and atmosphere produces air inclusion molecule and particulate radiation signal for information about, utilizes the method for inverting just can therefrom obtain information about gas molecule and particulate.
At present, the laser radar of atmospheric sounding all is the ground formula:
But it is limited that the ground laser radar obtains the feedback information of atmosphere, can not in time reflect the characteristics that the atmosphere area distributes.Especially under the unsettled situation of atmospheric stratification, the distribution situation of aerosol contaminants is complicated more, the information that is obtained by the ground laser radar can not correctly reflect the fast-changing process of atmosphere, and airborne laser radar has remedied this defective of ground laser radar effectively.The airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar of Anbui Optical Machinery Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences's development is that China succeeds in developing, is used for the active probe instrument that quantitative result was surveyed and obtained to atmospheric environment first.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar and detection method thereof, can be used for carrying out at daytime and night the detection of atmospheric boundary layer structure and gasoloid spatial and temporal distributions; Proposed to be fit to the data inversion method of this airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar; include aircraft platform; receiving telescope; with the Nd:YAG laser instrument that the 532nm wavelength is installed on the telescope side arm and power supply and cooling unit; it is characterized in that beam expanding lens being installed at the laser instrument emission port; be coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength on the telescopical protective glass; main; the medium that then is coated with the 532nm wavelength on the secondary mirror film that is all-trans; the focus place of the light that telescope receives is equipped with the diaphragm that minimum field angle is 0.5mrad; be equipped with one behind the diaphragm successively and assemble lens; optical filter; one little convergent lens is installed in the light path behind the optical filter; R7400U type photomultiplier is installed behind this convergent lens, and the output signal of photomultiplier inserts signals collecting and treatment facility.
The detection method of airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar, it is characterized in that expanding the laser of bundle by the Nd:YAG laser instrument heavenwards emission process of 532nm wavelength, the telescope parallel with laser direction receives the rear orientation light of laser, on telescopical protective glass, be coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength, leading, the medium that is coated with the 532nm wavelength on the secondary mirror film that is all-trans, rear orientation light is through main, the secondary mirror reflection, remove veiling glare through diaphragm again at the focus place, through convergent lens collimation and centre wavelength is 532nm, bandwidth is that the optical filter of 0.3nm filters, after passing through another convergent lens again, arrive on the cathode plane of R7400U type photomultiplier, after photomultiplier changes into electric signal with light signal, be transported to signals collecting and treatment facility Treatment Analysis; What the inverting Aerosol Extinction was used is the Fernald method, hypothesis one calibration point in the troposphere below the flying height, and the calibration point extinction coefficient can be tried to achieve by slope method (Slope Method), is formulated as:
(1)
Wherein: S (r)=ln (P (r) r
2), the logarithm value of expression square distance correction signal; Get k=1 herein; (r
b, r
m) represent that then extinction coefficient is similar to a constant atmosphere, also be the geostationary one section zone of slope in S (r) curve, back scattering extinction ratio (Backscatter Extinction Ratio is called for short BER) is got standard value 0.03.
The airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar is in structural design and adopt technical elements to possess following principal feature:
1) laser instrument is born on telescope, laser instrument has the advantage that volume is little, in light weight, compact conformation is stable, bears on the telescope side arm, only needs disposable to light before using, guarantee that laser beam and telescope receive spindle parallel, the mutual alignment between them is fixed in strictness.Laser expands bundle with beam expanding lens to be handled, and is beneficial to and surveys daytime, also can protect " eye-safe ".
2) the telescope design of controlling oneself as required is coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength on the protective glass, the medium that then is coated with co-wavelength on the major-minor mirror film that is all-trans, and therefore follow-up light path need not add the total reflective mirror of 532nm wavelength again, has simplified the structure of follow-up light path; Use the steel part structure, and stamp the reinforcing hoop, even can guarantee also on airborne platform that so whole emission light path and receiving light path are highly stable at the supporting point of load.
3) A/D and photon counting technique combine, and the dynamic range of detectable signal reaches 10
5The individual order of magnitude adopts the single channel collection even guarantee the airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar, also can satisfy the detection requirement of whole low troposphere echoed signal.
4) the control capture program of complete laser radar of the present invention uses the LabVIEW language compilation, shows the echoed signal curve, also with the continuous range of a signal of the mode of scheming square corrected echoed signal, thereby has intuitively expressed the differentiation situation of gasoloid with space-time; Set the mode of timing acquiring for, can realize unattended working method, improved the automaticity of system.Vertical resolution is that 7.5m, horizontal resolution are under the situation of 60m, and also can guarantee to survey has enough signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s on the altitude range.
5) be suitable for the data inversion method of this airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar, guarantee to obtain correct atmospheric boundary layer and Aerosol Extinction spatial and temporal distributions curve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flight navigation chart on November 8th, 2005 and afternoon on the 11st.
True echoed signal and analog echo signal are relatively during Fig. 3 15:50 on November 8th, 2005 and during 15:58 on the 11st.
Fig. 4 on November 8th, 2005 from Qingdao to Bohai Sea flight path on the RCS figure that obtains of laser radar of the present invention and the delustring Vertical Profile of 15:10.
Fig. 5 on November 11st, 2005 from Qingdao to Bohai Sea flight path on the RCS figure that obtains of laser radar of the present invention and the delustring Vertical Profile of 13:14.
Fig. 6 on November 11st, 2005 from B36 to the sunshine flight path on the RCS figure that obtains of laser radar of the present invention and the delustring Vertical Profile of 15:10.
Embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing.
Aircraft platform
Take all factors into consideration various factors, the CMS-3807 aircraft of renting Chinese maritime patrol is as laser radar airborne platform of the present invention, and its major parameter sees Table 1.Respectively there is the exposed passage of a 360*360mm and 530*530mm left front, CMS-3807 aircraft cabin floor and left back, because it is on the 200mm telescope side arm that the laser instrument of laser radar of the present invention is born at diameter, total span 320mm, so left front, cabin passage is used as the emission and the receive window of laser radar of the present invention.Adopt the square steel framework to do interface between aircraft and the laser radar of the present invention.
Table 1CMS-3807 aircraft major parameter
The laser radar main body
The major parameter of table 2 laser radar laser radar of the present invention
Laser radar of the present invention uses the Big Sky Ultra series Nd:YAG laser instrument of operation wavelength 532nm, pulse energy 30mJ, repetition frequency 20Hz, except laser head and the frequency multiplication head that a gross weight is 1.25kg, also has the water refrigeration power supply unit of a closed-loop path.The laser head resonator cavity adopts collapsible Ping-Ping chamber, and uses single rod design.Collapsible design helps shortening cavity length, improves the laser head mechanical stability, and makes total reflective mirror and to appear mirror close, is convenient to the adjustment of resonator cavity; Ping-Ping chamber design is convenient to the adjustment of resonator cavity on the one hand, is beneficial to the selection of zlasing mode on the other hand; And single excellent design simplification the operation and maintenance of laser instrument.Above-mentioned design makes whole laser instrument have advantages such as volume is little, in light weight, compact conformation is stable, is particularly suitable for using on aircraft platform.1.5mrad beam divergence angle be used for the detection on daytime and can cause very strong bias light, consider from the angle of " eye-safe " simultaneously, with 5 power beam expansion lens laser is expanded the bundle processing at the laser instrument emission port.The duty of laser instrument is controlled by the R232 serial ports by computing machine fully.
Cassegrain telescope diameter 200mm; focal distance f/10; be coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength on the protective glass; the medium that then is coated with co-wavelength on the major-minor mirror film that is all-trans; use the steel part structure; and stamp reinforcing at the supporting point of telescope load and bind round, even can guarantee also on airborne platform that so whole emission light path and receiving light path are highly stable.The light that telescope receives is by after placing focus place, minimum field angle and being the diaphragm of 0.5mrad, is that 532nm, bandwidth are that the optical filter of 0.3nm filters by centre wavelength, suppressed bias light well.Laser radar of the present invention uses the R7400U type photomultiplier of photon counting, it has characteristics such as dark noise is low, high-gain, photo-quantum efficiency to the 532nm wavelength can reach 25%, in order to make echoed signal enter the negative electrode test surface of 8mm fully, be placed with the convergent lens of short focal length in its front.
Signal collecting device: the instantaneous state recorder that the present invention adopts is formed by the A/D converter of a frequency acquisition 40MHz, photon Discr., hyperchannel prime amplifier, progressive mean device and the voltage conversion circuit set of frequency acquisition 250MHz.A/D converter is used for the closely collection of strong signal, the photon Discr. then is used for remote collection than weak signal, finally output is complete echoed signal, and A/D and photon counting technique are used in combination and guarantee that instantaneous state recorder acquisition of signal dynamic range reaches 10
5The individual order of magnitude; Voltage conversion circuit provides required high pressure to photomultiplier; The Q-Switch that the trigger pip of instantaneous state recorder directly is taken from laser instrument exports synchronously, and the echoed signal that collects then is conveyed into computer disk by the RJ45 mouth from the buffer memory of instantaneous state recorder.
The control capture program of laser radar of the present invention uses the LabVIEW language compilation, moves in Windows XP operating system.The data that collect by progressive mean after, with experiment place, longitude and latitude, detection wavelength, survey information such as moment and be stored in the control computer disk; Except showing the echoed signal curve,, thereby intuitively expressed the differentiation situation of gasoloid on the control capture program graphical interfaces with space-time also with the continuous range of a signal of the mode of scheming square corrected echoed signal; The control capture program can be set the mode of timing acquiring for, and the time interval of collection can freely be selected, thereby has realized the unattended working method of laser radar of the present invention, has improved the automaticity of system.
Power supply unit
In order to prevent phase mutual interference between the strong and weak electricity equipment, the power supply of laser radar of the present invention has been prepared two sets of plan.A kind of is the 24DCV output of directly using on the CMS-3807; Another kind is the battery pack power supply with 6 105Ah, 12DCV, and wherein 4 are used for heavy current installation, and 2 are used for weak current equipment, and once charging can guarantee that laser radar of the present invention continues to use about 8 hours, is longer than continuing the time of CMS-3807 aircraft.After direct supply divides the inverter of two-way through two 24V inputs, be converted into the sinusoidal wave 2KVA output of 220V-50Hz,, be powered at laser instrument and instantaneous state recorder respectively again through voltage stabilizer.
Data inversion method
What the inverting Aerosol Extinction was used is the Fernald method, hypothesis one calibration point in the troposphere below the flying height, and the calibration point extinction coefficient can be tried to achieve by slope method (Slope Method), is formulated as:
(1)
Wherein: S (r)=lnP (r) r
2), the logarithm value of expression square distance correction signal; Get k=1 herein; (r
b, r
m) represent that then extinction coefficient is similar to a constant atmosphere, also be the geostationary one section zone of slope in S (r) curve.Find that by analyzing experimental data owing to the strong mixing of atmosphere on daytime, this approximate uniformly vertical atmospheric envelope exists.Back scattering extinction ratio (Backscatter Extinction Ratio is called for short BER) is got standard value 0.03.
Experimental design
Under the situation of not violating air traffic control, in order to study the influence that different underlying surface produces the atmospheric aerosol spatial and temporal distributions, laser radar flight path of the present invention mainly adopts south-north direction, and search coverage is positioned at 35 °-38 ° of north latitude, between 119.5 °-120.5 ° of the east longitudes.This zone mainly comprises area, Qingdao and surrounding sea areas, contains multiple different underlying surface such as having covered city, hills, land and sea junction district and sea area.In all flight courses, the craft inclination angle must not surpass 2 degree, and flying height must not rise and fall above 10 meters, and this has just required flying condition preferably, so Flight plan requirements is done suitable adjustment with meteorological condition.For guaranteeing that enough signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s are arranged, per 200 pulses of laser radar echo signal of the present invention are done once average, survey vertical resolution 30m, horizontal resolution 600m.Fig. 2 is the flight path on November 8th, 2005 (path 1) and (path 2) on the 11st.
Experimental result
The numerical simulation calculation echoed signal is the means that each important technological parameters is determined in development during laser radar, also is the foundation of judging that true echoed signal is whether correct.Black dotted line among Fig. 3 is the analog echo signal that obtains with laser radar important technological parameters of the present invention and United States standard atmosphere mode computation, and shallow solid line and dark solid line are respectively on November 8th, 2005 and two groups of selecting arbitrarily in the actual ghosts signal in 11st.As can be seen from the figure, the actual ghosts signal has very consistent variation tendency with analog echo signal, and this explanation actual ghosts signal is correct.Actual ghosts signal near the ground is big than analog echo signal, and this is that area, Qingdao messy cause near the ground causes, also occurs this phenomenon when doing ground based detection in cities such as Beijing, Nanjing.In addition, though it is the same with the ground laser radar, the distant echo signal is more little more from the Laser emission mouth, but owing to distribute close more near the ground gasoloid more, cause speed to diminish with the decay of distance increase echoed signal, therefore the echoed signal dynamic range also diminishes, and this is very useful for solving the saturated problem of detector.
The flight path on November 8 is a south-north direction, and Beijing time 14:10 aircraft goes out about the 6km of the Bohai Sea from the Longkou direction in Qingdao Cang Kou field takeoff, returns the Cang Kou airport by original path in 16:10 again, and flight path is shown in the Leg among Fig. 21.Fig. 4 is the corrected echoed signal of square distance (range corrected signal is called for short RCS) that obtains on the journey
Figure and the delustring Vertical Profile of 15:10, on the flight path atmosphere underlying surface passed through one from the city to the hills again to the variation of ocean.The area, Qingdao is by high voltage control during the flight, and therefore fine, the while is with the gentle breeze of direction by north.Airport ground visibility is about 10km, and surface temperature is up to 28 ℃.
Can see from the RCS figure on Fig. 4 left side, the following height of 1km, along with the difference of underlying surface, color occurs from yellowish green → green → bluish-green progressive formation on the flight path, shows far more from the city, and gasoloid distributes few more; On the 1.2km-1.9km height, there is one deck particulate under the effect of sea wind, landwards to spread from the ocean, during through the mountain range of knob, because of the contrary wind ripple is lifted, after crossing the mountain peak, because of slope sedimentation downwards with the wind, it has caused gasoloid to present the characteristics of above-mentioned variation tendency with artificial aerosols from major cities of producing jointly again; In addition, can determine that from figure the atmospheric boundary layer of this day is about 2km, but because the temperature in sea area is low than the city, and the effect of mountain range sea wind, make that atmospheric boundary layer presents downward trend on the later flight path in mountain peak, the entrainment layer thickness also obviously diminishes, and especially the very big range of decrease has appearred in the summit on the mountain peak.The delustring Vertical Profile on Fig. 4 the right and synchronization RCS figure institute's reaction gas colloidal sol and boundary layer structure are in full accord, and dotted line is wherein represented the position at gasoloid layer place.
November 11
The flight path on November 11 is shown in the Leg among Fig. 22, Beijing time 12:30 is still from Qingdao Cang Kou field takeoff, 10km goes to sea through Peng Lai, return the Cang Kou airport, again toward north through the Qingdao Harbour, the Jiaozhouwan Bay, Huang Island, Ling Shandao, island, dining hall in Buddhist temple, (B36-comes and goes twice sunshine), return the Cang Kou airport again in Beijing time 16:30.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively resulting RCS figure and delustring Vertical Profiles on Qingdao-Peng Lai-Bohai Sea and B36-sunshine two sections flight paths.The ground meteorological field of this day is different with November 8, although under the control of high pressure, it is sunny that weather still keeps, but what follow is gentle breeze by north, compares with November 8 big cooling phenomenon to occur, and surface air temperature has only about 10 ℃, it is big that the surface layer relative humidity of atomsphere becomes, reach 85%, make area, Qingdao and surrounding sea areas occur falling mist on a large scale, especially Huanghai Sea marine site is more serious.Influenced by dense fog, airport ground visibility is less than 4km.
RCS figure from Fig. 5 as can be seen, though this section flight path and November 8 days are basic identical, but since during the obvious cooling process appears, make that gasoloid is distributed with very big difference on the vertical direction, the phenomenon that multilayer distributes appears, this just shows that temperature, humidity also are the multilayer non-uniform Distribution in vertical direction, and the multilayer wind shear very likely occurs.Compared with November 8, atmospheric boundary layer reduces much on this this flight path of sky, and greatly about the 1.2km place, and because temperature is lower, and relative humidity of atomsphere is bigger again, the entrainment phenomenon on top, boundary layer is not remarkable.Gasoloid still presents few more distribution trend far away more from the city in the atmospheric boundary layer, the aerocolloidal generation of this explanation Qingdao area boundary layer source is mainly in the city, sloping against the wind simultaneously lifting and sloping with the wind settlement action are high-visible, and the mountain range is very obvious to the barrier effect of sea area transmission from the city to gasoloid.Highly there is thicker one deck gasoloid at 1.8km-2.6km, can know the lamination of seeing time in its inside, can be clear that this point (dotted line is each gasoloid layer place height the figure) more from the delustring Vertical Profile on Fig. 5 the right, but not see that from Fig. 5 there are significantly influence in underlying surface and Surface Meteorological to this layer gasoloid structure.Because detection information is limited, vertical gas image field information lacks again very much, can't make explanations to the physical mechanism of this phenomenon at present, also can't make accurate judgment to the aerocolloidal generation of this layer source.The gasoloid layer that 3km highly locates is thinner comparatively speaking, can determine that from variation tendency this layer gasoloid just landwards transmits from the ocean, and quality is also bigger, because occur in the course of conveying significantly separating and sinkage, we think it very likely is the gasoloid that adheres to the sea salt particle.
The atmosphere underlying surface is mainly juxtaterrestrial sea on the flight path of Fig. 6, and is meshed in the dense fog.Be subjected to the influence of obvious synoptic process equally, the sea area gasoloid still is the phenomenon that multilayer distributes in vertical direction, but compares with Fig. 5, the height at every layer of gasoloid place is compared on the low side, have tangible sedimentation phenomenon, the height of atmospheric boundary layer also obviously descends, greatly about the 0.8km place.Because abundant convection current between the Hai Lu and single underlying surface make that the atmospheric level distribution in sea area is more even, aerocolloidal thickness of each layer and height of living in are with not bigger variation of path, and this is the typical feature of marine atmosphere horizontal distribution just.Card the more shallow one deck of sea color do not represent that atmosphere herein is cleaner, mainly be laser when passing dense fog energy attenuation very fast due to.Equally, the delustring Vertical Profile on Fig. 6 the right is very identical with the vertical vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosol delustring of synchronization RCS reaction, and more careful, and dotted line is the height at each gasoloid layer place.
Claims (2)
1; the airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar; include aircraft platform; receiving telescope; with the Nd:YAG laser instrument that the 532nm wavelength is installed on the telescope side arm and power supply and cooling unit; it is characterized in that beam expanding lens being installed at the laser instrument emission port; be coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength on the telescopical protective glass; main; the medium that then is coated with the 532nm wavelength on the secondary mirror film that is all-trans; the focus place of the light that telescope receives is equipped with the diaphragm that minimum field angle is 0.5mrad; be equipped with one behind the diaphragm successively and assemble lens; optical filter; one little convergent lens is installed in the light path behind the optical filter; R7400U type photomultiplier is installed behind this convergent lens, and the output signal of photomultiplier inserts signals collecting and treatment facility.
2, the detection method of airborne atmospheric environment detecting laser radar, it is characterized in that expanding the laser of bundle by the Nd:YAG laser instrument heavenwards emission process of 532nm wavelength, the telescope parallel with laser direction receives the rear orientation light of laser, on telescopical protective glass, be coated with the anti-reflection film of 532nm wavelength, leading, the medium that is coated with the 532nm wavelength on the secondary mirror film that is all-trans, rear orientation light is through main, the secondary mirror reflection, remove veiling glare through diaphragm again at the focus place, through convergent lens collimation and centre wavelength is 532nm, bandwidth is that the optical filter of 0.3nm filters, after passing through another convergent lens again, arrive on the cathode plane of R7400U type photomultiplier, after photomultiplier changes into electric signal with light signal, be transported to signals collecting and treatment facility Treatment Analysis; What the inverting Aerosol Extinction was used is the Fernald method, hypothesis one calibration point in the troposphere below the flying height, and the calibration point extinction coefficient can be tried to achieve by the slope method.
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| CN102381481A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-03-21 | 四川省科学城久利科技实业有限责任公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted laser radar system |
| CN107436430A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-05 | 周俊 | High security photoelectric remote-sensing device scan detection device |
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