CN109100708A - A kind of dual wavelength surveys steam laser radar caliberating device and scaling method - Google Patents
A kind of dual wavelength surveys steam laser radar caliberating device and scaling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100708A CN109100708A CN201811121431.8A CN201811121431A CN109100708A CN 109100708 A CN109100708 A CN 109100708A CN 201811121431 A CN201811121431 A CN 201811121431A CN 109100708 A CN109100708 A CN 109100708A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of dual wavelength and surveys steam laser radar caliberating device and scaling method, the device includes: the laser that two timesharing alternately emit laser pulse into atmosphere, timesharing receives the atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal of two laser pulses excitation, the Cassegrain telescope of the Raman scattering echo-signal of nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule, to the received echo-signal of Cassegrain telescope by the collimating eye-piece of collimation, echo-signal by collimation is separated, the subsequent optical path for filtering and assembling, the photomultiplier tube that the echo-signal come out from subsequent optical path is detected, electric signal quantization to photomultiplier tube output, the data collector of acquisition.Compared with method of comparison and standard lamp method, this method can truer, accurately be demarcated steam Raman lidar, and Theoretical Calibration error is less than 6%；The self-calibration of vapor Raman laser radar can be rapidly completed in the measurement gap of vapor-to-liquid ratio in this method, be suitble to variation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to steam vertical distribution fields of measurement, survey the calibration of steam laser radar more particularly, to a kind of dual wavelength
Device and scaling method.
Background technique
Steam is greenhouse gases important in earth atmosphere, and has significant positive feedback effect to global warming.Atmosphere
In steam affect the significant process such as Global climate change, water circulation, weather system and Atmospheric Chemistry.The when space division of steam
Cloth is of great significance for studying formation, the development of Convective Weather System etc. of cloud.Steam Raman lidar is due to it
System is simple, high reliablity, can be realized automatic operating, has become current long-term measurement troposphere and stratosphere bottom water
One of the important means of vapour vertical distribution.
The Raman scattering echo-signal of vapour molecule and nitrogen molecule that steam Raman Raman laser radar measures simultaneously,
After the correction such as atmospheric transmittance, their ratio is directlyed proportional to vapor-to-liquid ratio (mass ratio of steam and dry air), than
Example constant is known as vapor-to-liquid ratio calibration constant, the efficiency in it and nitrogen Raman channel and steam Raman channel (including optics is imitated
Rate, quantum efficiency, electronics gain etc.) and the Raman backscattering cross etc. of nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule it is related.Steam
Raman lidar is just capable of measuring true vapor-to-liquid ratio after obtaining vapor-to-liquid ratio calibration constant by calibration.2013
New technology that instrument and the observation method committee (CIMO) in World Meteorological Organization are held in Geneva and test expert group the
In meeting, steam Raman lidar technology is assessed, the calibration for emphaticallying point out steam Raman lidar is
The key that the technology is widely used is limited at present.
The scaling method of steam Raman lidar used at present mainly has following two categories: first is that method of comparison.By steam
The result of Raman lidar measurement and the result of other device measurings compare, and obtain vapor-to-liquid ratio calibration constant, mark
Precision is determined mainly by the absolute measurement precision of other measuring devices, the random meausrement error of laser radar, correlation calibration method
The influence of factors such as (for the measurement data of comparison and altitude ranges etc.).Mainly utilize the water of balloon borne radiosonde measurement
Vapour-air mixture ratio profile demarcates steam Raman lidar.Balloon borne radiosonde and lidar measurement path are not
Consistency is one of the scaling method main error source.Constant is demarcated using the vapor-to-liquid ratio that radiosonde data obtains
Statistical error be about 10%.For the laser radar website of not radiosonde data, passive remote sensing equipment (such as microwave spoke
Penetrate meter, infrared spectrometer, GPS etc.) measurement steam column content can also be used to calibration steam Raman lidar.But by
It is influenced in by geometrical factor, the error of the steam column content of lidar measurement is often bigger, mixed so as to cause steam
The error that composition and division in a proportion demarcates constant is often above 10%.Second class is standard lamp method.The radiation spectrum curve of standard lamp is very steady
Determine and be known, therefore the two Ramans can be obtained according to the signal strength of the standard lamp measured in two Raman channels
The ratio of channel efficiency.Compared with method of comparison, standard lamp method not will receive the measurement accuracy of other steam measuring devices, measurement number
According to the influence of the factors such as inconsistency, geometrical factor over time and space, high-precision vapor-to-liquid ratio mark can be obtained
The error for the calibration constant that permanent number, such as " lamp mapping " method obtain is about 5%.Due to vibrating Raman scattering spectral line
Line width is very narrow, therefore all improves signal-to-noise ratio using spike interference filter in steam Raman lidar.Interferometric filter
Central wavelength can drift about with the variation of incident angle, this will lead to optical filter the transmitance of echo-signal is occurred it is obvious
Variation；And the curve of spectrum of standard lamp is almost unchanged in the range of drift of filter center wavelength, therefore optical filter to it
Transmitance hardly follows the drift of filter center wavelength and changes.Therefore, using standard lamp method cannot accurately measure due to
The variation of calibration constant caused by the variation of optical filter incident angle, this is the drawback of standard lamp method maximum.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the problems of the existing technology, provide a kind of dual wavelength survey steam laser radar
Caliberating device and scaling method solve the problems, such as that method of comparison causes the error of vapor-to-liquid ratio calibration constant larger, solve standard
The problem of lamp method demarcates the variation of constant caused by cannot accurately measuring due to the variation of optical filter incident angle.
Goal of the invention of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of dual wavelength survey steam laser radar caliberating device, the device include:
Two timesharing alternately emit the laser of laser pulse into atmosphere,
Timesharing receives the drawing of atmosphere the elastic scattering echo-signal, nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule of two laser pulses excitation
The Cassegrain telescope of graceful scatter echo signal,
Pass through the collimating eye-piece of collimation to the received echo-signal of Cassegrain telescope,
To the echo-signal subsequent optical path that is separated, filtered and assembled by collimation,
To the photomultiplier tube that is detected of echo-signal come out from subsequent optical path,
The electric signal of photomultiplier tube output is quantified, the data collector of acquisition.
Preferably, the laser pulse of the laser output 532.1nm wavelength in two lasers, single-pulse laser energy
Amount is 54mJ, and in addition the laser pulse of a laser output 659.7nm wavelength, single-pulse laser energy are 5uJ.
Preferably, the bore of the Cassegrain telescope is 400mm, and timesharing receives the laser arteries and veins of 532.1nm wavelength
Atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal, the Raman scattering echo-signal and 659.7nm of nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule of impulse hair
The atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal of the laser pulse excitation of wavelength.
Preferably, subsequent optical path includes color separation eyeglass, optical filter and convergent lens.
A kind of dual wavelength survey steam laser radar scaling method, this method comprises:
(1) increase in traditional steam Raman lidar and emit a branch of wavelength and steam Raman detection channel center wave
Long similar laser, utilizes its elastic scattering echo-signal of steam Raman channel reception；
(2) combine the echo-signal measured in nitrogen Raman channel, obtain the vertical distribution of nitrogen mixing ratio, then based on
The nitrogen mixing ratio known: 0.755, obtain the calibration coefficient of nitrogen mixing ratio；
(3) it is saturating on steam Raman scattering wavelength and the optical maser wavelength newly increased to correct optical filter in steam Raman channel
Rate difference is crossed, the calibration coefficient of vapor-to-liquid ratio is obtained.
Preferably, the scatter echo signal of the nitrogen molecule of steam Raman lidar measurement:
The scatter echo signal of vapour molecule:
The Rayleigh scattering echo-signal of air molecule:
Wherein, VR,N(z,λN) be nitrogen molecule Raman channel measurement voltage signal；ELFor the pulsed laser energy of transmitting；
ηNFor the efficiency in nitrogen molecule Raman channel；Z is distance of the scatterer apart from laser radar；NN(z) at laser radar z
Nitrogen molecule number density；σN,π(λL,λN) be nitrogen molecule Raman backscattering cross；T(z,z0,λX) between z and z0
Atmosphere in λXOn transmitance；λL、λNAnd λwvRaman scattering wavelength, the steam of the optical maser wavelength, nitrogen molecule that respectively emit
The Raman scattering wavelength of molecule；VR,wv(z,λwv) be vapour molecule Raman channel measurement voltage signal；ηwvFor vapour molecule drawing
The efficiency in graceful channel；NwvIt (z) is the vapour molecule number density at laser radar z；σwv,π(λL,λwv) be vapour molecule drawing
Graceful backscattering cross；VRay,wv(z,λC) be vapour molecule Raman channel measurement Rayleigh scattering echo-signal voltage signal；
ECFor the pulsed laser energy of transmitting；εF(λwv,λC) it is the interferometric filter in vapour molecule Raman channel to vapour molecule Raman
The difference of scatter echo and Rayleigh scattering echo-signal transmitance；Nmol(z) close for the air molecule number at laser radar z
Degree；σRay,π(λC) it is after Rayleigh scattering to differential cross-section；λCFor the optical maser wavelength of transmitting.
Preferably, the vapor-to-liquid ratio w (z) of steam Raman lidar measurement are as follows:
Wherein, ηN/ηwvIt is exactly the calibration constant of steam Raman lidar.
Preferably, the efficiency ratios η in two Raman channelsN/ηwv:
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, compared with method of comparison and standard lamp method, this method can truer, accurately be carried out steam Raman lidar
Calibration, Theoretical Calibration error is less than 6%.
2, the self-calibration of vapor Raman laser radar can be rapidly completed in the measurement gap of vapor-to-liquid ratio in this method,
It is suitble to variation；
3, the present apparatus establishes suitable dual-wavelength lidar system, can provide suitable shoot laser wavelength and steam is drawn
Pulsed laser light source similar in graceful detection channels central wavelength, and then it is able to achieve vapor-to-liquid ratio self-calibration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of the present apparatus.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The method of the present invention increases a branch of wavelength of transmitting in traditional steam Raman lidar and steam Raman detection is logical
Laser similar in road central wavelength, using its elastic scattering echo-signal of steam Raman channel reception, aerosol load very
Few upper-middle troposphere, the elastic scattering echo-signal can be approximated to be Rayleigh scattering echo-signal, then combine nitrogen and draw
The echo-signal measured in graceful channel, the vertical distribution of available nitrogen mixing ratio, and nitrogen mixing ratio be it is known, be
0.755, therefore the calibration coefficient of nitrogen mixing ratio can be obtained.Optical filter in steam Raman channel is further corrected to draw in steam
Transmitance difference in graceful dispersion wavelength and the optical maser wavelength newly increased, has just obtained the calibration coefficient of vapor-to-liquid ratio.At this
In method, most crucial problem is that can to find suitable shoot laser wavelength close with steam Raman detection channel center's wavelength
Pulsed laser light source, therefore, establish suitable dual-wavelength lidar system be using this method realize vapor-to-liquid ratio from
The key of calibration.
As shown in Figure 1, providing a kind of dual wavelength survey steam laser radar caliberating device, dual-wavelength lidar uses two
Platform Nd:YAG laser is as light source, wherein the laser pulse of a laser output 532.1nm wavelength, single-pulse laser energy
For 54mJ, in addition the laser pulse of an output 659.7nm wavelength, single-pulse laser energy are 5uJ.Two laser timesharing are handed over
For emitting laser pulse into atmosphere.532.1nm wavelength is received using the Cassegrain telescope timesharing of an entablature diameter 400mm
Atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal, the Raman scattering echo-signal of nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule of laser pulse excitation, and
The atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal of the laser pulse excitation of 659.7nm wavelength.The received echo-signal of telescope is by collimation
After be incident in subsequent optical path, will not using color separation eyeglass (DMSP638R and DMLP550R, Thorlabs) in subsequent optical path
The echo-signal of co-wavelength separates, and then after optical filter and convergent lens, is detected by photomultiplier tube.Data collector will
Electric signal quantization, the acquisition of detector output, and it is transferred to industrial personal computer deposit and display.
The principle of the present invention method are as follows:
The nitrogen molecule of vapor Raman laser radar measurement and the Raman scatter echo signal of vapour molecule are as follows:
Wherein, VR,N(z,λN) and VR,wv(z,λwv) be respectively nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule Raman channel measurement voltage
Signal；ELFor the pulsed laser energy of transmitting；ηNAnd ηwvThe respectively efficiency of nitrogen molecule and the channel vapour molecule Raman；Z is
Distance of the scatterer apart from laser radar；NN(z) and Nwv(z) nitrogen molecule respectively at laser radar z and steam point
Subnumber density；σN,π(λL,λN) and σwv,π(λL,λwv) be respectively nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule Raman backscattering cross,
It can be obtained according to quantum-mechanical theory and optical filter bandwidth calculation；T(z,z0,λX) atmosphere between z and z0 is in λXOn it is saturating
Cross rate；λL、λNAnd λwvThe Raman dispersion wavelength of the optical maser wavelength, nitrogen molecule that respectively emit, the Raman of vapour molecule dissipate
Ejected wave is long.
The vapor-to-liquid ratio w (z) of vapor Raman laser radar measurement are as follows:
Wherein ηN/ηwvIt is exactly the calibration constant of vapor Raman laser radar.Atmospheric transmittance can be surveyed according to laser radar
The atmospheric aerosol vertical distribution and normal atmosphere mode of amount corrects, studies have shown that as caused by the correction of atmospheric transmittance
Application condition is small.
By upgrading to vapor Raman laser radar, the channel Raman of vapour molecule is enable to receive measurement air
The Rayleigh scattering echo-signal of molecule,
Wherein, VRay,wv(z,λC) be vapour molecule Raman channel measurement Rayleigh scattering echo-signal voltage signal；EC
For the pulsed laser energy of transmitting；ηwvFor the efficiency in the channel vapour molecule Raman, εF(λwv,λC) it is the channel vapour molecule Raman
In interferometric filter to the difference of vapour molecule Raman scatter echo and Rayleigh scattering echo-signal transmitance；Z is scatterer
Distance apart from laser radar, NmolIt (z) is the air molecule number density at laser radar z；σRay,π(λC) it is Rayleigh scattering
Backward differential cross-section；λCFor the optical maser wavelength of transmitting.
According to formula (1) and (4) available nitrogen mixing ratio, and nitrogen mixing ratio is known, therefore available
The efficiency ratios η in two channels RamanN/ηwv,
It is recognised that needing calibration of laser pulse energy, ε from formula (5)F(λwv,λC) influence, can just obtain steam
The calibration constant of Raman laser radar.It needs to pulsed laser energy and εF(λwv,λC) bearing calibration studied, especially
It is εF(λwv,λC) precise calibration method.
The Rayleigh scattering echo-signal of the air molecule measured in the channel vapour molecule Raman is the pass of self-calibrating method
Key.The central wavelength and bandwidth in the channel vapour molecule Raman are it has been determined that need to provide a feasible utilization on this basis
The method of the channel measurement air molecule Rayleigh scattering echo-signal.In addition, the channel vapour molecule Raman is to vapour molecule
The Rayleigh scattering of Raman scatter echo signal and air molecule has accordingly, it is therefore desirable to optimize vapor Raman laser radar
Working sequence.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that all
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. within the spirit and principles in the present invention should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of dual wavelength surveys steam laser radar caliberating device, which is characterized in that the device includes:
Two timesharing alternately emit the laser of laser pulse into atmosphere,
The Raman that timesharing receives atmosphere elastic scattering echo-signal, nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule that two laser pulses excite dissipates
The Cassegrain telescope of echo-signal is penetrated,
Pass through the collimating eye-piece of collimation to the received echo-signal of Cassegrain telescope,
To the echo-signal subsequent optical path that is separated, filtered and assembled by collimation,
To the photomultiplier tube that is detected of echo-signal come out from subsequent optical path,
The electric signal of photomultiplier tube output is quantified, the data collector of acquisition.
2. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 1 surveys steam laser radar caliberating device, which is characterized in that two laser
The laser pulse of laser output 532.1nm wavelength in device, single-pulse laser energy is 54mJ, in addition a laser
The laser pulse of 659.7nm wavelength is exported, single-pulse laser energy is 5uJ.
3. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 2 surveys steam laser radar caliberating device, which is characterized in that the card plug
The bore of Green's telescope is 400mm, and timesharing receives the atmosphere elastic scattering echo of the laser pulse excitation of 532.1nm wavelength
The atmosphere of the laser pulse excitation of the Raman scattering echo-signal and 659.7nm wavelength of signal, nitrogen molecule and vapour molecule
Elastic scattering echo-signal.
4. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 2 surveys steam laser radar caliberating device, which is characterized in that subsequent optical path
Including color separation eyeglass, optical filter and convergent lens.
5. a kind of dual wavelength surveys steam laser radar scaling method, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
(1) increase in traditional steam Raman lidar and emit a branch of wavelength and steam Raman detection channel center wavelength phase
Close laser utilizes its elastic scattering echo-signal of steam Raman channel reception；
(2) combine the echo-signal measured in nitrogen Raman channel, obtain the vertical distribution of nitrogen mixing ratio, then based on known
Nitrogen mixing ratio: 0.755, obtain the calibration coefficient of nitrogen mixing ratio；
(3) transmitance of the optical filter on steam Raman scattering wavelength and the optical maser wavelength newly increased in steam Raman channel is corrected
Difference obtains the calibration coefficient of vapor-to-liquid ratio.
6. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 5 surveys steam laser radar scaling method, which is characterized in that steam Raman
The scatter echo signal of the nitrogen molecule of lidar measurement:
The scatter echo signal of vapour molecule:
The Rayleigh scattering echo-signal of air molecule:
Wherein, VR,N(z,λN) be nitrogen molecule Raman channel measurement voltage signal；ELFor the pulsed laser energy of transmitting；ηNFor
The efficiency in nitrogen molecule Raman channel；Z is distance of the scatterer apart from laser radar；NNIt (z) is the nitrogen at laser radar z
The gas number density of molecule；σN,π(λL,λN) be nitrogen molecule Raman backscattering cross；T(z,z0,λX) big between z and z0
Gas is in λXOn transmitance；λL、λNAnd λwvRaman scattering wavelength, the vapour molecule of the optical maser wavelength, nitrogen molecule that respectively emit
Raman scattering wavelength；VR,wv(z,λwv) be vapour molecule Raman channel measurement voltage signal；ηwvIt is logical for vapour molecule Raman
The efficiency in road；NwvIt (z) is the vapour molecule number density at laser radar z；σwv,π(λL,λwv) be vapour molecule Raman after
To scattering section；VRay,wv(z,λC) be vapour molecule Raman channel measurement Rayleigh scattering echo-signal voltage signal；ECFor
The pulsed laser energy of transmitting；εF(λwv,λC) vapour molecule Raman is dissipated for the interferometric filter in vapour molecule Raman channel
It is emitted back towards the difference of wave and Rayleigh scattering echo-signal transmitance；NmolIt (z) is the air molecule number density at laser radar z；
σRay,π(λC) it is after Rayleigh scattering to differential cross-section；λCFor the optical maser wavelength of transmitting.
7. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 6 surveys steam laser radar scaling method, which is characterized in that steam Raman
The vapor-to-liquid ratio w (z) of lidar measurement are as follows:
Wherein, ηN/ηwvIt is exactly the calibration constant of steam Raman lidar.
8. a kind of dual wavelength according to claim 7 surveys steam laser radar scaling method, which is characterized in that two Ramans
The efficiency ratios η in channelN/ηwv:
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