CN101071171A - Dualwavelength dual-field Mie scattering laser radar structure and its detecting method - Google Patents
Dualwavelength dual-field Mie scattering laser radar structure and its detecting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses dual field view dual-wavelength laser radar scattering meters structure and detection methods, including laser launch unit echo signal receiver modules, the follow-up optical modules, signal detection and acquisition module and control unit; The laser launch unit using Nd: YAG laser, launching 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength of the laser pulse at the same time and received by the diameters of 400 mm and 200 mm telescope. Two receiving optical telescope module are follow-up optical module. Optical signal from the follow-up optical module are received by the detection and acquisition module and control unit. atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient of the vertical profile and continuous distribution, and extinction coefficient level of continuous distribution, can be analyzed through the various atmospheric aerosol optical parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radar detection field, a kind of specifically structure and detection method thereof of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar.
Background technology
Laser radar is to be light source with laser, and the radiation signal by exploring laser light and atmospheric interaction comes remote sensing atmosphere.The interaction of laser and atmosphere produces air inclusion molecule and particulate radiation signal for information about, utilizes the method for inverting just can therefrom obtain information about gas molecule and particulate.
Laser radar is the product that traditional Radar Technology combines with modern laser.After laser comes out 1 year, promptly 1961, scientist has just proposed the imagination of laser radar, and carried out research work, over more than 40 year, along with the development that laser technology is maked rapid progress, the advanced acquisition of signal and the application of data acquisition system (DAS), laser radar becomes a kind of important active remote sensing instrument with its high measurement accuracy, meticulous time and spatial resolution and big detection span.
At present, survey the deficiency that generally there are following three aspects in the aerocolloidal Mie scattering laser radar system in troposphere: at first be that systematic comparison complexity, volume are big, weight is heavier, be difficult for moving and transportation, limited its application region scope; Secondly survey highly limitedly, major part is confined in the following boundary layer of 5～6km, and survey highly lower daytime, and the 3rd long-time continuous moves that often reliability is relatively poor.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming and defect of conventional Mie scattering laser radar, in the world, a kind of micro-pulse lidar (Micro Pulse Lidar is called for short MPL) comes out.But because its output energy is in μ J magnitude, rely on high-repetition-rate (thousands of Hz) to improve and survey signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), therefore detection time is long, survey highly also only 6km daytime, if its long how much overlap factors (about 4km) can not accurately be determined, bring bigger error can for the gasoloid result of detection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have good reliability and high dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar structure and the detection method of accuracy.
The present invention can be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of structure of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is characterized in that, comprises laser emission element, echoed signal receiving element, follow-up optical unit, acquisition of signal and collecting unit and control module; Described laser emission element comprises the Nd:YAG laser instrument, laser instrument is launched the laser pulse of 532nm and two wavelength of 1064nm, the optical axis parallel with the output optical axis of laser instrument is provided with the echoed signal receiving element, described echoed signal receiving element comprises diameter 200mm receiving telescope and diameter 400mm receiving telescope, is aligned in sequence with aperture, catoptron, eyepiece and beam splitter on the follow-up light path of diameter 400mm receiving telescope; Light path is divided into two-way behind the beam splitter, the 1064nm narrow band pass filter of leading up to connects photon counting detector, the output circuit of photon counting detector is provided with amplifier VT120, the output circuit of amplifier VT120 is provided with photon counting card MCS, and photon counting card MCS delivers to computing machine to the signal that collects and handles; Another road connects analog prober by the 532nm narrow band pass filter, the follow-up light path of analog prober is provided with amplifier 777, the output circuit of amplifier 777 is provided with the A/D data collecting card, and the A/D data collecting card is delivered to computing machine to the digital signal that collects and handled; Be aligned in sequence with aperture and eyepiece on the follow-up light path of diameter 200mm receiving telescope; Eyepiece sends signal to beam splitter by optical fiber, light path is divided into two-way behind the beam splitter, the 1064nm narrow band pass filter of leading up to connects photon counting detector, the output circuit of photon counting detector is provided with amplifier VT120, the output circuit of amplifier VT120 is provided with photon counting card MCS, and photon counting card MCS delivers to computing machine to the signal that collects and handles; Another road connects analog prober by the 532nm narrow band pass filter, the output circuit of analog prober is provided with amplifier 777, the output circuit of amplifier 777 is provided with the A/D data collecting card, and the A/D data collecting card is delivered to computing machine to the digital signal that collects and handled.
The detection method of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is characterized in that, comprises laser emission element echoed signal receiving element, follow-up optical unit, acquisition of signal and collecting unit and control module; Described laser emission element adopts the Nd:YAG laser instrument, launches the laser pulse of 532nm and two wavelength of 1064nm simultaneously, and two receiving telescopes that are respectively 400mm and 200mm by diameter receive; The light that diameter 400mm receiving telescope receives is through aperture, by mirror reflects parallel ejaculation behind the eyepiece, is divided into two-beam through behind the beam splitter, and a branch of be 1064nm wavelength reflected light, and another bundle is a 532nm wavelength transmitted light; 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light converts electric signal to by photon counting detector after by the filtering of 1064nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier VT120 and is gathered by photon counting card MCS and deliver to the storage that computing machine carries out data, handles and shows in real time; 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light carries out opto-electronic conversion by analog prober after by the filtering of 532nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier 777 and delivers to the storage that computing machine carries out data by the collection of A/D data collecting card, handles and shows in real time; The light that diameter 200mm receiving telescope receives is through behind the aperture, converge coupling by eyepiece and deliver to optical fiber, be divided into two-beam through beam splitter, a branch of is 1064nm wavelength reflected light, another bundle is 532nm wavelength transmitted light, 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light converts electric signal to by photon counting detector after by the filtering of 1064nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier VT120 and is gathered by photon counting card MCS and deliver to the storage that computing machine carries out data, handles and shows in real time; 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light carries out opto-electronic conversion by analog prober after by the filtering of 532nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier 777 and delivers to the storage that computing machine carries out data by the collection of A/D data collecting card, handles and shows in real time; Computing machine is by the bright dipping of RS232 serial ports control laser instrument, the Q-Switch synchronizing signal of laser instrument output is by main wave producer, produce main ripple signal, wherein 4 the tunnel deliver to two photon counting card MCS and two A/D data collecting cards respectively, trigger pip as 4 analog input cards, other 2 the tunnel deliver to photon counting detector and the analog prober behind the diameter 400mm receiving telescope respectively, as the gate-control signal of two detectors.
Described diameter 400mm receiving telescope adopts small field of view, and its visual field size is regulated by aperture, receives upper atmosphere backscattering echo signal.
Described diameter 200mm receiving telescope adopts the big visual field that receives.
Below be the important technological parameters of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar system of the present invention:
| Parameter name | Parameter value |
| Laser emission element laser wavelength/nm single pulse energy/mJ pulse recurrence frequency/Hz beam divergence angle/mrad linear polarized beam degree/% | Nd:YAG 532/1064 120/90 20 1.5 99 |
| Receive optical unit telescope bore/mm visual field/mrad optical filter centre wavelength/nm | Cassegrain400/200 1/4 532/1064 |
| Optical filter bandwidth/nm | 0.25/0.5 |
| Acquisition of signal and collecting unit photomultiplier signal preamplifier A/D data collecting card photon counting card sampling time interval/ns | R7400U/H7680/R3636 VT120/777 Gage 1610 MCS 200 |
The present invention has following characteristics:
1. survey when the double reception passage is respectively applied for high low layer 532nm and 1064nm, each passage has separately independently visual field, can take into account the requirement of low detection blind area of the big field angle of low layer and high-rise small field of view angle detection height;
2. high low layer is surveyed simultaneously, has shortened the time of obtaining atmospheric information effectively;
3. the low layer receiving cable can carry out level detection, can revise overlap factor and atmospheric sounding horizontal visibility;
4. survey the Vertical Profile and the continuous distribution of 532nm and 1064nm atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient respectively, and horizontal extinction coefficient continuous distribution, by analyzing the various optical parametrics that can obtain atmospheric aerosol.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another index path of the follow-up optical system of diameter 400mm receiving telescope unit;
Fig. 3 is another index path of the follow-up optical system of diameter 200mm receiving telescope unit;
Fig. 4 is a dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar system workflow diagram;
The 532nm wavelength actual ghosts signal graph that Fig. 5 detects for dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar;
The 1064nm wavelength actual ghosts signal graph that Fig. 6 detects for dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar;
The 532nm real atmosphere backscattering echo signal that Fig. 7 detects for dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar and the comparison diagram of numerical simulation calculation signal;
Fig. 8 is the test result figure of the dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar atmospheric backscatter echoed signal linearity;
The 532nm that Fig. 9 detects for dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar and the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile figure of 1064mm wavelength;
Figure 10 is dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar (DWL) and polarization Mie scattering laser radar (PML) atmospheric sounding Aerosol Extinction Vertical Profile comparison diagram;
Figure 11 is continuous 25 hours atmospheric sounding digestion coefficient variation diagrams of 18:00 17:00 to 10 day on the 9th January in 2007;
Figure 12 is continuous 25 hours of 18:00 17:00 to 10 day on the 9th January in 2007, and dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar and Vaisala atmospheric sounding horizontal visibility change comparison diagram;
Figure 13 is 10:00 to 14:00 on January 8, the comparing result figure of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar and actinometer atmospheric sounding optical thickness;
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention, comprises laser emission element, echoed signal receiving element, follow-up optical unit, acquisition of signal and collecting unit and control module among the figure.Laser emission element comprises the Nd:YAG laser instrument, and the echoed signal receiving element comprises diameter 200mm receiving telescope and diameter 400mm receiving telescope.
Fig. 2 is the follow-up optical system of diameter 400mm receiving telescope unit index path among the present invention, diameter 400mm receiving telescope adopts small field of view (the visual field size is regulated by aperture) in the drawings, receive upper atmosphere backscattering echo signal, can suppress strong sky background noise on daytime, improve the detection height of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar.Behind the light process aperture by the receiving telescope reception, by mirror reflects parallel outgoing to the eyepiece, through behind the beam splitter, 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light is converted to electric signal by photon counting detector after by the 1064nm narrow band pass filter, amplifies the back through amplifier and is gathered by the photon counting card; 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light through the 532nm narrow band pass filter after, carry out opto-electronic conversion by analog prober after, after amplifier amplifies, gather by the A/D data collecting card.
Fig. 3 is the follow-up optical unit index path of diameter 200mm receiving telescope among the present invention, diameter 200mm receiving telescope adopts the big visual field that receives in the drawings, receive lower atmosphere layer backscattering echo signal, can reduce detection blind zone, improve the accuracy that dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is surveyed atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient near the ground.Behind the light process aperture by the receiving telescope reception, be coupled to optical fiber by the eyepiece convergence, after passing through spherical reflector and two catoptrons again, be divided into two-beam by beam splitter, identical with high level, 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light and 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light are gathered data respectively via behind corresponding narrow band pass filter, detector and the capture card.
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar system of the present invention, and the computer control unit in the native system can be realized the control to total system, realizes collection, transmission and the storage of data, and calculates in real time and the demonstration measurement data.During atmospheric sounding gasoloid vertical extinction coefficient profile, earlier two receiving telescopes are vertically placed.After opening dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar system software, carry out the self check of system, and photon counting card, A/D data collecting card and laser instrument carried out initialization, correct initialization finishes, as required detecting parameter is provided with, the laser pulse number that comprises the collection of the group number of measurement and every group, send the instruction of starting working for after setting completed laser instrument and data collecting card, just begin after the laser instrument bright dipping to gather, behind the group number of finishing setting, laser instrument stops bright dipping, simultaneously the data of gathering is stored, is handled and show in real time.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively 22:14 on June 10th, 2006, the 532nm that dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar detects and the actual ghosts signal of 1064nm wavelength.The accumulative total laser pulse is 10000, and solid line and dotted line are represented the high level and the low layer of two wavelength respectively, and the high-rise gate position of 532nm wavelength is arranged on 3.57km, and the high-rise gate of 1064nm wavelength is arranged on 1.56km.
Fig. 7 is that dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is surveyed the 532nm real atmosphere backscattering echo signal (solid line) and numerical simulation calculation signal (dotted line) comparative result obtain, and is identical in 6km to the 26km scope as can be seen.Near the ground to the 6km scope, owing to influenced by ground mankind's activity and air motion, the atmospheric backscatter echo of actual detection not exclusively overlaps with the numerical simulation calculation value, but the trend basically identical of two curves.
Fig. 8 is a dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar atmospheric backscatter echoed signal linearity test result.Solid line is to insert before the optical filter of 532nm wavelength low layer passage and do not insert the ratio of surveying the atmospheric backscatter echoed signal that obtains behind 50% the neutral attenuator, dotted line is the ratio that energy of lasers is reduced by the 75% atmospheric backscatter echoed signal that just often detects with energy of lasers, two curve values are respectively about 0.5 and 0.75 as can be seen, shown that the intensity of penetrating signal to diffusing echo behind the dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar atmosphere does not cause the saturated of detector or distortion situation, good linearty has shown the accuracy of the data that this laser radar detection obtains.
Fig. 9 for dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar on Dec 29th, 2006 the 532nm (solid line) that 8:51 detects and the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile of 1064nm wavelength (dotted line), dot-and-dash line is an atmospheric molecule Rayleigh extinction coefficient Vertical Profile.As can be seen from the figure the extinction coefficient result of detection of two wavelength meets the wavelength exponential relationship.
In order to detect the performance and the reliability thereof of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser class atmospheric sounding Aerosol Extinction, at night on January 10th, 2007, carried out the detection of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile simultaneously with another polarization Mie scattering laser radar.
Figure 10 is the comparative result of the 532nm wavelength atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile surveyed simultaneously of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar (solid-line curve) and polarization Mie scattering laser radar (dashed curve).Dot-and-dash line among the figure is an atmospheric molecule Rayleigh extinction coefficient Vertical Profile.Obviously, the troposphere atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile of two laser radar system detections is quite consistent, and structure trickle on the sustained height zone is also similar substantially.Highly daytime, night was greater than 15km greater than 10km in the detection of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient Vertical Profile.
Figure 11 is in continuous 25 hours of 18:00 17:00 to 10 day on the 9th January in 2007, and dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is surveyed the 532nm wavelength atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient situation of change that obtains.Figure 12 is that dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar (solid) changes the contrast situation with Vaisala (hollow) atmospheric sounding horizontal visibility in the identical time.The as can be seen from the figure atmospheric horizontal visibility variation tendency basically identicals surveyed of two systems, 17:00 to 18:00 atmospheric horizontal visibility sharply reduced on 9th, was reduced to about 5km by 18km, slowly descended subsequently always, reached minimum 3km to 9:00 on the 10th.Atmospheric horizontal visibility raises gradually afterwards, and atmospheric horizontal visibility descends gradually behind 15:00.Dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar has the ability of automatic Continuous Observation.
Figure 13 is in four hours on the 8th January in 2007, the comparing result of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar (solid) and actinometer (hollow) atmospheric sounding optical thickness, and the result of two system's detections is in full accord as can be seen.Dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar has the ability of atmospheric sounding optical thickness.
Claims (4)
1. the structure of a dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is characterized in that, comprises laser emission element, echoed signal receiving element, follow-up optical unit, acquisition of signal and collecting unit and control module; Described laser emission element comprises the Nd:YAG laser instrument, laser instrument is launched the laser pulse of 532nm and two wavelength of 1064nm, the optical axis parallel with the output optical axis of laser instrument is provided with the echoed signal receiving element, described echoed signal receiving element comprises diameter 200mm receiving telescope and diameter 400mm receiving telescope, is aligned in sequence with aperture, catoptron, eyepiece and beam splitter on the follow-up light path of diameter 400mm receiving telescope; Light path is divided into two-way behind the beam splitter, the 1064nm narrow band pass filter of leading up to connects photon counting detector, the output circuit of photon counting detector is provided with amplifier VT120, the output circuit of amplifier VT120 is provided with photon counting card MCS, and photon counting card MCS delivers to computing machine to the signal that collects and handles; Another road connects analog prober by the 532nm narrow band pass filter, the follow-up light path of analog prober is provided with amplifier 777, the output circuit of amplifier 777 is provided with the A/D data collecting card, and the A/D data collecting card is delivered to computing machine to the digital signal that collects and handled; Be aligned in sequence with aperture and eyepiece on the follow-up light path of diameter 200mm receiving telescope; Eyepiece sends signal to beam splitter by optical fiber, light path is divided into two-way behind the beam splitter, the 1064nm narrow band pass filter of leading up to connects photon counting detector, the output circuit of photon counting detector is provided with amplifier VT120, the output circuit of amplifier VT120 is provided with photon counting card MCS, and photon counting card MCS delivers to computing machine to the signal that collects and handles; Another road connects analog prober by the 532nm narrow band pass filter, the output circuit of analog prober is provided with amplifier 777, the output circuit of amplifier 777 is provided with the A/D data collecting card, and the A/D data collecting card is delivered to computing machine to the digital signal that collects and handled.
2. the detection method of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar is characterized in that, comprises laser emission element echoed signal receiving element, follow-up optical unit, acquisition of signal and collecting unit and control module; Described laser emission element adopts the Nd:YAG laser instrument, launches the laser pulse of 532nm and two wavelength of 1064nm simultaneously, and two receiving telescopes that are respectively 400mm and 200mm by diameter receive; The light that diameter 400mm receiving telescope receives is through aperture, by mirror reflects parallel ejaculation behind the eyepiece, is divided into two-beam through behind the beam splitter, and a branch of be 1064nm wavelength reflected light, and another bundle is a 532nm wavelength transmitted light; 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light converts electric signal to by photon counting detector after by the filtering of 1064nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier VT120 and is gathered by photon counting card MCS and deliver to the storage that computing machine carries out data, handles and shows in real time; 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light carries out opto-electronic conversion by analog prober after by the filtering of 532nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier 777 and delivers to the storage that computing machine carries out data by the collection of A/D data collecting card, handles and shows in real time; The light that diameter 200mm receiving telescope receives is through behind the aperture, converge coupling by eyepiece and deliver to optical fiber, be divided into two-beam through beam splitter, a branch of is 1064nm wavelength reflected light, another bundle is 532nm wavelength transmitted light, 98% 1064nm wavelength reflected light converts electric signal to by photon counting detector after by the filtering of 1064nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier VT120 and is gathered by photon counting card MCS and deliver to the storage that computing machine carries out data, handles and shows in real time; 85% 532nm wavelength transmitted light carries out opto-electronic conversion by analog prober after by the filtering of 532nm narrow band filter slice, amplifies the back through amplifier 777 and delivers to the storage that computing machine carries out data by the collection of A/D data collecting card, handles and shows in real time; Computing machine is by the bright dipping of RS232 serial ports control laser instrument, the Q-Switch synchronizing signal of laser instrument output is by main wave producer, produce main ripple signal, wherein 4 the tunnel deliver to two photon counting card MCS and two A/D data collecting cards respectively, trigger pip as 4 analog input cards, other 2 the tunnel deliver to photon counting detector and the analog prober behind the diameter 400mm receiving telescope respectively, as the gate-control signal of two detectors.
3. the structure of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that described diameter 400mm receiving telescope adopts small field of view, and its visual field size is regulated by aperture, receives upper atmosphere backscattering echo signal.
4. the structure of dual wavelength double-view field Mie scattering laser radar according to claim 2 is characterized in that described diameter 200mm receiving telescope adopts the big visual field that receives.
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