CN111983590B - Dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system - Google Patents

Dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111983590B
CN111983590B CN202010849071.4A CN202010849071A CN111983590B CN 111983590 B CN111983590 B CN 111983590B CN 202010849071 A CN202010849071 A CN 202010849071A CN 111983590 B CN111983590 B CN 111983590B
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optical
optical path
beam splitter
receiving
wavelength
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CN111983590A (en
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孙剑峰
周鑫
刘迪
陆威
李思宁
王骐
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4912—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system, and belongs to the technical field of laser imaging radar systems. The system comprises: the receiving device comprises a common-caliber receiving optical system, a beam splitter prism, a 1064nm optical receiving branch and a 532nm optical receiving branch, wherein the common-caliber receiving optical system, the beam splitter prism and the 1064nm optical receiving branch are coaxially arranged, and a receiving end of the 532nm optical receiving branch is over against a reflection light path of the beam splitter prism. The dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system designed by the invention can realize high-reliability target identification and detection by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the echo dual-spectrum, has small volume, large view field and high real-time property, and provides an effective technical scheme for the application of small-platform large-view-field laser imaging.

Description

Dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system, and belongs to the technical field of laser imaging radar systems.
Background
With the development of the laser active imaging technology, the light source gradually develops from single wavelength to multi-wavelength, and the detector develops from a single pixel to an area array. The reliability of target identification and parameter estimation can be improved by utilizing multispectral information, and the requirement on the intensity correction effect of echo information can be reduced; the adoption of the area array detector can enlarge the transient view field and shorten the imaging time. To realize remote detection, the multi-wavelength detection device requires higher laser energy and more types of detectors to adapt to laser emission and detection of different wave bands, which leads to increase in the volume and weight of the laser, increase in the design complexity of the laser emission system, and increase in the volume of the detection optical system, so that the multi-wavelength detection scheme has insufficient application potential in a small platform.
In order to adapt to small-platform detection, dual-wavelength target detection is adopted, compared with multi-wavelength detection, the system volume and the optical design difficulty are reduced, and meanwhile target detection and identification can be realized by using the reflection characteristics of double spectrums. At present, the dual-wavelength laser radar is mature in the aspects of atmospheric monitoring, atmospheric composition analysis and the like. In recent years, the dual-wavelength laser radar gradually develops to researches such as target detection and target parameter estimation based on imaging, the detection by adopting dual wavelengths can realize effective parameter estimation and reduce the accuracy requirement of echo intensity information correction, and sufficient feasibility argumentations are obtained in the field of earth observation, such as effective distinguishing of branches and trunks in forests, vegetation moisture content estimation and the like. In the future, the dual-wavelength imaging laser radar has considerable application potential in the field of target identification, such as target contrast improvement, target identification based on reflection spectrum characteristics and the like.
Most of the currently adopted dual-wavelength laser radars are scanning imaging schemes, and staring imaging schemes are rare. And because the receiving is not the common-caliber receiving, two lasers are needed to output two-waveband laser, so that the problems of large laser volume, large scanning volume, high requirement on time synchronization of a scanning mirror, long imaging time and imaging distortion exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system to solve the problems of the existing dual-wavelength laser radar.
A dual wavelength staring-type imaging optical receiving system, the system comprising: the receiving device comprises a common-caliber receiving optical system, a beam splitter prism, a 1064nm optical receiving branch and a 532nm optical receiving branch, wherein the common-caliber receiving optical system, the beam splitter prism and the 1064nm optical receiving branch are coaxially arranged, and a receiving end of the 532nm optical receiving branch is over against a reflection light path of the beam splitter prism.
Further, the common-caliber receiving optical system comprises three pieces of optical lenses which are coaxially arranged.
Further, the beam splitter prism is configured to transmit 1064nm wavelength light to the 1064nm optical receiving branch, and reflect 532nm wavelength light to the 532nm optical receiving branch, where the beam splitter prism is a 40 × 40mm cube beam splitter prism.
Further, the 1064nm optical receiving branch includes a 1064nm band narrow-band filter, a 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm, a 1064nm optical path diaphragm motor, three optical lenses, and a Gm-APD, the 1064nm band narrow-band filter, the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm, the three optical lenses, and the Gm-APD are sequentially arranged from near to far with respect to the transmission side of the beam splitter prism, and the 1064nm optical path diaphragm motor is mounted on the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm and is used for adjusting the size of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm.
Furthermore, the aperture of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm is 0.8 mm-15 mm, and the aperture of the 1064nm waveband narrow-band filter is 25 mm.
Further, the resolution of the Gm-APD is 64 multiplied by 64, and the focal plane size is 3.2mm multiplied by 3.2 mm.
Further, the 532nm optical receiving branch comprises a 532nm optical path variable iris, a 532nm waveband narrowband filter, a 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism, an ICCD, a 532nm optical path diaphragm motor, a first optical lens and a second optical lens, wherein the 532nm optical path variable iris, the first optical lens, the 532nm waveband narrowband filter, the second optical lens and the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism are sequentially arranged from near to far relative to the reflecting side of the beam splitter prism, the ICCD is arranged on the reflecting side of the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism, and the 532nm optical path diaphragm motor is mounted on the 532nm optical path variable iris and used for adjusting the size of the 532nm optical path variable iris.
Further, the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism is a 30 x 30mm right-angle prism, the aperture of the 532nm optical path variable iris is 0.8 mm-25 mm, and the aperture of the 532nm waveband narrowband filter is 30 mm.
Further, the ICCD comprises a photocathode, a first high-pressure area, a microchannel plate, a second high-pressure area, a fluorescent screen, an optical converter and a CCD, wherein the photocathode, the first high-pressure area, the microchannel plate, the second high-pressure area, the fluorescent screen, the optical converter and the CCD are connected in sequence, the distance between the output surface of the microchannel plate and the input surface of the optical converter is less than 1mm, and the distance between the output surface of the optical converter and the focal plane of the CCD focal plane detector is less than 1 mm.
Further, the resolution of the ICCD is 960 multiplied by 720, and the focal plane size is phi 15 mm.
The main advantages of the invention are: the dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system designed by the invention can realize high-reliability target identification and detection by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the echo dual-spectrum, has small volume, large view field and high real-time property, and provides an effective technical scheme for the application of small-platform large-view-field laser imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a dual wavelength staring imaging optical receiver system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-view diagram of a dual wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system of the present invention, in which fig. 2(a) is a front view; FIG. 2(b) is a side view; FIG. 2(c) is a top view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of ICCD;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a dual-wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, a dual wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system, the system comprising: the receiving device comprises a common-caliber receiving optical system, a beam splitter prism 1, a 1064nm optical receiving branch and a 532nm optical receiving branch, wherein the common-caliber receiving optical system, the beam splitter prism 1 and the 1064nm optical receiving branch are coaxially arranged, and a receiving end of the 532nm optical receiving branch is over against a reflection light path of the beam splitter prism 1.
Specifically, the invention selects a common-caliber optical receiving scheme, mainly considers that after the light splitting detection receiving, the space registration can be realized with high precision, and simultaneously, compared with a split independent system, the invention reduces the coaxial adjustment difficulty, but increases the optical design difficulty, and the number of lenses can be increased.
The receiving optical system is optically designed, and dual-wavelength light wave detection and receiving are realized by adopting common caliber and light splitting technology. The transmission wavelength of the spectroscope is 1064nm, the reflection wavelength is 532nm, and the light splitting efficiency can be more than 90%.
The receiving optical field angle is 5 degrees, a 1064nm wave band is detected by adopting 64 multiplied by 64Gm-APD, a 532nm wave band is detected by adopting 960 multiplied by 720ICCD, according to the sizes of two detector focal planes, the distance gate focal plane size phi 15mm @532nm and the Gm-APD focal plane size 3.2mm multiplied by 3.2mm, the designed optical focal length is f which is 195mm @532nm and f which is 52mm @1064nm according to the parameters. The light-gathering receiving capacity of the optical system is comprehensively considered, and the two-channel F numbers are respectively 2.5 and 1.5. The designed optical system is shown in figure 1.
The 1064nm/532nm double-optical-path staring imaging optical receiving system works in an atmospheric window, the requirements of large view field, long distance and real-time performance of double-wavelength detection can be met, the two wave bands can be output by the same laser, and the size of a laser emitting system is greatly reduced.
Under the constraint of miniaturization volume, the spatial position layout of a beam splitter prism, a polaroid, a diaphragm motor, a detector and the like of the whole optical receiving system is perfectly optimized, and the system is suitable for the active imaging application of small-platform laser.
Referring to fig. 1, the common-caliber receiving optical system includes three coaxially arranged optical lenses.
Referring to fig. 1, the beam splitter prism 1 is configured to transmit 1064nm wavelength light to the 1064nm optical receiving branch, and reflect 532nm wavelength light to the 532nm optical receiving branch, where the beam splitter prism 1 is a 40 × 40mm cube beam splitter prism.
Referring to fig. 1, the 1064nm optical receiving branch includes a 1064nm band narrow-band filter 2, a 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm 3, a 1064nm optical path diaphragm motor 4, three optical lenses, and a Gm-APD5, the 1064nm band narrow-band filter 2, the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm 3, the three optical lenses, and a Gm-APD5 are sequentially arranged from near to far with respect to the transmission side of the beam splitter prism 1, and the 1064nm optical path diaphragm motor 4 is mounted on the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm 3 and is used to adjust the size of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm 3.
The aperture of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm 3 is 0.8 mm-15 mm, and the aperture of the 1064nm waveband narrow-band filter 2 is 25 mm.
The resolution of the Gm-APD5 is 64 multiplied by 64, and the focal plane size is 3.2mm multiplied by 3.2mm @1064 nm.
Specifically, the 1064nm optical branch is subjected to design imaging evaluation analysis, as shown in fig. 4. The evaluation result shows that the wave band has good imaging quality, the distortion is less than 2%, and the comprehensive imaging quality meets the design requirement.
Referring to fig. 1, the 532nm optical receiving branch includes a 532nm optical path variable iris 6, a 532nm waveband narrowband filter 7, a 532nm optical path rectangular reflecting prism 8, an ICCD9, and a stop motor 10, a first optical lens and a second optical lens of a 532nm optical path, the 532nm optical path variable iris 6, the first optical lens, the 532nm waveband narrowband filter 7, the second optical lens, and the 532nm optical path rectangular reflecting prism 8 are sequentially arranged from near to far with respect to a reflecting side of the beam splitter prism 1, the ICCD9 is disposed on the reflecting side of the 532nm optical path rectangular reflecting prism 8, and the stop motor 10 of the 532nm optical path is mounted on the 532nm optical path variable iris 6 for adjusting the size of the 532nm optical path variable iris 6.
The 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism 8 is a 30 x 30mm right-angle prism, the aperture of the 532nm optical path variable iris 6 is 0.8 mm-25 mm, and the aperture of the 532nm waveband narrow-band optical filter 7 is 30 mm.
Specifically, the 532nm optical branch is subjected to design imaging evaluation analysis. The evaluation result shows that the wave band has good imaging quality, the distortion is less than 2%, and the comprehensive imaging quality meets the design requirement.
The 532nm and 1064nm optical paths adopt variable diaphragms to eliminate stray light in the lens cone and can adjust the echo intensity and contrast according to the echo light characteristics of an actual scene, and structurally, a stepping motor controlled by an upper computer is adopted to adjust the size of the diaphragms. The volume of the whole structure is 898.5cm 3 The weight can be optimized to 2.44 kg.
Referring to fig. 3, the ICCD9 includes a photocathode, a first high-pressure region, a microchannel plate, a second high-pressure region, a fluorescent screen, an optical transducer and a CCD, which are connected in sequence, wherein the distance between the output surface of the microchannel plate and the input surface of the optical transducer is less than 1mm, and the distance between the output surface of the optical transducer and the focal plane of the CCD focal plane detector is less than 1 mm.
The resolution of the ICCD9 is 960 multiplied by 720, and the focal plane size is phi 15 mm.
Specifically, the single photon detection efficiency of the Gm-APD can reach 15%. The main structure of the range gated detector ICCD is shown in figure 3, the distance between the output surface of the ICCD microchannel plate and the input surface of the optical converter is less than 1mm, and the distance between the output surface of the optical converter and the focal plane of the CCD focal plane detector is also less than 1mm, so that the whole device has a compact structure, high coupling efficiency and high imaging quality.
The sensitivity of the photocathode is about 5 x 10 4 A/W; gain of microchannel plate is 10 6 The dynamic range exceeds 2 orders of magnitude, and the gain can reach 1 multiplied by 10 6 lm/m 2 L x; the response speed of the fluorescent screen adopting high-performance fluorescent powder is high and is about 300 ns; the transmittance of the optical converter reaches 60%, the diameter of the optical fiber core is 6 mu m, and the resolution can reach 55 line pairs; the CCD quantum efficiency is 60%, and 56-time gain adjustment can be realized. ICCD can realize high-speed and high-sensitivity echo detection. And the two detectors of the Gm-APD and the ICCD can ensure 25Hz real-time imaging.
The optical system realizes the detection of high imaging quality of a two-waveband 5-degree view field through optical design optimization, and the two wavebands are respectively detected by high-sensitivity ICCD and Gm-APD, so that the requirement on laser emission energy can be reduced under the constraint condition of detection performance.
The laser imaging radar system for the dual-wavelength area array detection can improve the target recognition rate and the parameter estimation reliability by using the dual-wavelength echo information. By adopting the technical scheme of common-caliber receiving and light splitting of the light splitting prism in the system, the overall device layout and volume optimization are carried out on the premise of ensuring the detection performance, the volume of the system is reduced, the integration level of the system is improved, and the technical scheme is provided for the miniaturization of the dual-wavelength imaging detection system. The device can be used for a laser imaging detection scheme required by a small-volume platform.

Claims (5)

1. A dual wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system, characterized in that the system comprises: the device comprises a common-caliber receiving optical system, a beam splitter prism (1), a 1064nm optical receiving branch and a 532nm optical receiving branch, wherein the common-caliber receiving optical system, the beam splitter prism (1) and the 1064nm optical receiving branch are coaxially arranged, a receiving end of the 532nm optical receiving branch is over against a reflection light path of the beam splitter prism (1),
the 1064nm optical receiving branch comprises a 1064nm waveband narrow-band filter (2), a 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm (3), a diaphragm motor (4) of a 1064nm optical path, three optical lenses and a Gm-APD (5), the 1064nm waveband narrow-band filter (2), the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm (3), the three optical lenses and the Gm-APD (5) are sequentially arranged from near to far relative to the transmission side of the beam splitter prism (1), and the diaphragm motor (4) of the 1064nm optical path is installed on the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm (3) and used for adjusting the size of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm (3);
the 532nm optical receiving branch comprises a 532nm optical path variable diaphragm (6), a 532nm waveband narrowband filter (7), a 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism (8), an ICCD (9), a diaphragm motor (10) of a 532nm optical path, a first optical lens and a second optical lens, the 532nm optical path variable diaphragm (6), the first optical lens, the 532nm waveband narrowband filter (7), the second optical lens and the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism (8) are sequentially arranged from near to far relative to the reflecting side of the beam splitter prism (1), the ICCD (9) is arranged at the reflecting side of the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism (8), the 532nm optical path diaphragm motor (10) is arranged on the 532nm optical path variable diaphragm (6) and is used for adjusting the size of the 532nm optical path variable diaphragm (6),
the beam splitter prism (1) is used for transmitting 1064nm wavelength light to the 1064nm optical receiving branch and reflecting 532nm wavelength light to the 532nm optical receiving branch, and the beam splitter prism (1) is a cube beam splitter prism with the size of 40 x 40 mm;
the aperture of the 1064nm optical path variable diaphragm (3) is 0.8-15 mm, and the aperture of the 1064nm waveband narrow-band filter (2) is 25 mm;
the 532nm optical path right-angle reflecting prism (8) is a 30 x 30mm right-angle prism, the aperture of the 532nm optical path variable diaphragm (6) is 0.8 mm-25 mm, and the aperture of the 532nm waveband narrowband filter (7) is 30 mm.
2. The dual wavelength staring imaging optical receiver system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said common aperture receiver optical system includes three coaxially aligned optical lenses.
3. The dual wavelength staring imaging optical receiving system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Gm-APD (5) has a resolution of 64 x 64 and a focal plane size of 3.2mm x 3.2 mm.
4. The dual wavelength staring imaging optical receiving system according to claim 1, wherein the ICCD (9) comprises a photocathode, a first high-voltage region, a microchannel plate, a second high-voltage region, a fluorescent screen, an optical transducer and a CCD, the photocathode, the first high-voltage region, the microchannel plate, the second high-voltage region, the fluorescent screen, the optical transducer and the CCD being connected in series, wherein the distance between the output surface of the microchannel plate and the input surface of the optical transducer is less than 1mm, and the distance between the output surface of the optical transducer and the focal plane of the CCD focal plane detector is less than 1 mm.
5. A dual wavelength staring type imaging optical receiving system according to claim 4, wherein the resolution of said ICCD (9) is 960 x 720 and the focal size is Φ 15 mm.
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