CN1646915A - 基于衍射的诊断设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种生物传感器,其包括一种基底,在基底上具有受体物质层。该受体物质对所关注的分析物是特异的。通过掩模处理方法,限定了受体物质层上的活性与去活区域。
Description
发明技术领域
本发明主要涉及到介质中分析物的检测,同时尤其涉及到对分析物特异的基于衍射的诊断传感器的制备方法,通过这个方法来指示介质中分析物的存在。
背景
许多系统和设备可用于检测不同介质中的各种分析物。然而,很多先前的系统和设备相对昂贵,而且需要熟练的技工来操作测试。人们认识到,有必要对生物传感器在技术上进行改造,使其变得简单而且成本低廉,同时,其对分析物的检测结果可靠且灵敏。涉及到的参考文献,例如,专利U.S.Pat Nos.5,922,550、6,060,256、和6,221,579 B1.
生物传感器的工业生产已经取得了多方面进展。例如,Kumar等人的专利U.S.Pat No.5,512,131,描述了一种设备,其包括一种带有金属涂层的聚合体基底。在这个带涂层的基底上,印刷了分析物特异受体层。当分析物附着到这个设备上时,其衍射图样就产生了。用可视设备,比如光谱仪,就可以检测到衍射图案的存在。然而,这类设备的缺点是其衍射图案不能被肉眼辨别,于是,需要一种复杂的视觉设备来观察衍射图案。而且,对于那些不能产生明显衍射图案的较小分析物,这种设备通常不能检测。
Bogart等人的专利U.S.Pat.No.5,482,830描述了一种设备,其包括一种基底,在基底之上接枝了一层光活性表面,该表面对光响应初始颜色。该初始颜色被定义为发射光源的光谱分布。基底还能呈现一种不同于初始颜色的第二颜色。分析物出现在基底表面上时,用同样的光照射就能产生第二颜色。这种从一种颜色到另一种颜色的变化可以用仪器或者肉眼来检测。然而,这种设备的缺点是,其成本相对较高,而且在基底薄片上接枝各种层的操作存在问题。
接触印刷技术已经被开发用以生产带有自装配单分子层的生物传感器。专利U.S.Pat.No.5,922,550描述了一种带有金属薄膜的生物传感器,其金属膜上印刷(接触印刷)了分析物特异受体的特殊预定图案。这种对某种特殊的分析物或某类分析物有效的受体物质被绑定在自装配单分子层上。附着的目标分析物能散射光线到部分印有受体的金属化塑料膜的选择性区域,从而导致透射光或反射光的衍射行为。产生的衍射图案能轻易地用肉眼或者任何传感器观察到。专利U.S.Pat.No.6,060,256描述了一种类似的带有金属膜的设备,在其金属膜上印有一种特殊预定的分析物特异受体层。该专利不仅仅局限于自装配单分子层,任何能够与表面进行化学结合的受体都被认为是可以采用的。该专利的发明通过利用微生物粘合剂的衍生物将单分子层组成图案,再用接触印刷法印刷。其衍生物的一个例子是硫醇。期望的绑定作用物有可能是烃硫基抗体或抗体碎片、蛋白质、核酸、糖、碳水化合物、或其它凡能绑定分析物的物质。衍生物,例如硫醇,通过化学键合到金属表面比如金属聚合体膜上。
关于上述用于生产衍射生物传感器的接触印刷技术,一个潜在的问题是印刷过程中,可能存在来自于印刷表面(压印表面)的污染。而且,在此过程中受压力、接触差异以及表面能量不同等因素影响,有可能使物质涂抹不均匀。
本发明涉及到一种制造简单而且价格低廉的生物传感系统,该系统能可靠灵敏地检测分析物,同时能避免常规微接触印刷技术中可能存在的缺点。
发明概述
本发明的目的和优势将部分陈述于下文,或通过描述将显而易见,或者通过对本发明的实践而了解。
本发明提供了一种相对廉价并且灵敏的生物传感器,以及一种制备这种生物传感器的方法,同时提供了检测介质中存在的被关注分析物的检测方法。
这种生物传感器包括一种基底,其基底组件的整个表面被受体物质层均匀覆盖。基底可以是大量适宜物质中的任何一种,包括塑料、镀金属的塑料和玻璃、功能化塑料和玻璃、硅晶片、金属薄片、玻璃等等。理想的基底是柔韧的,例如聚合体膜,这是为了使生产过程容易。受体物质层的涂抹可使用任何已知技术,包括浸渍、喷雾、碾压、旋转涂抹,或者任何其它能将受体物质均匀覆盖在基底测试表面的技术。本发明还包括了实施涂层的接触印刷方法,本方法防止了初始涂抹过程中出现的涂抹不均匀和接触污染问题。
在基底上放置掩模,然后用足以使未被掩模保护的受体物去活的能源照射基底,于是,受体物质层可以用活性的和非活性的图案来分辨。受体物质去活化到一定程度,即发生降解并再不能与包括所关注的分析物的共扼配合体结合。
掩模可包括所有期望的图案,后者为被保护或被掩盖区域以及暴露区域(例如空白的、透明的、或半透明的区域,以及孔或掩模空隙)。掩模的暴露区域勾画确定了受体非活性部分的图案,并且被掩模掩盖或保护的区域即为活性受体物质区域图案。因此掩模起到了这样的作用,掩盖或保护了受体物质层的一个区域,同时又使得至少一个与之相邻的区域暴露在照射能源下。
值得注意的是,本发明不仅仅局限于由掩模限定了一种特殊图案。事实上,图案可能由许多暴露带与空隙组合构成。在具体的实施方案中,在基底测试表面上图案由大约10微米直径的像素构成,其像素之间的间隔大约为5微米。
选择特定的能源照射受体物质层,使一些特殊类型的受体物质失活。本发明不限于一种特殊能源。例如,能源可以是一种光源,比如紫外光源、电子束、一种辐射源等等。
然后,把生物传感器暴露于含有一种被关注分析物的介质中,分析物会在活性区域与受体物质结合。生物传感器会使透射光发生衍射,生成与活性区域一致的衍射图案。产生的衍射图案能轻易的用肉眼或者任选的传感设备观察到。
在分析物很小或者其折射率较之周围介质无显著差异时,分析物就不能散射可见光,这时可以采用衍射增强元件,比如聚合物微颗粒。这些微颗粒被涂上了结合物或者受体物质,并与分析物结合。通过把成对的分析物与受体物质层中已图案化的生物分子以及微颗粒结合,可以得到衍射图案,该图案能轻易的用肉眼或者任选的传感设备观察到。
所谓“衍射”是指,当波传输时被障碍物阻断,绕过障碍物达到其几何阴影部分的现象。当障碍物的大小与波长在同一个数量级时,衍射的效果很显著。本发明中,障碍物是分析物(附着或没有附着微颗粒),波是光波。
本发明的另一实施方案,一类特定微生物的营养物质可以包含在受体物质层中。通过这种方式,先将本发明中生物传感器与营养物质接触,再将生物传感器放在适合其上绑定的微生物生长的环境中培养,这样可以检测到浓度非常低的微生物。微生物要生长达到足够的有机体以形成衍射图案。
本发明提供了一种低成本、可任意使用的生物传感器,这种传感器可以大量生产。本发明中的生物传感器可以制成检测某种分析物的单一测试传感器,也可以制成多功能测试设备。本发明中的生物传感器其用途包括但不局限于,检测衣物上的化学或生物污染,如尿布;检测预包装食品如果汁或其它饮料中微生物的污染;本发明的生物传感器还可应用于健康诊断,比如作为抗原、微生物以及血液组分的诊断工具包。需要注意的是本发明不局限于任何一种特殊用途或应用。
关于本发明的所有特点和优点在下述公开的实施方案中将更加透彻。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明利用掩模过程制备生物传感器方法的示意说明。
图2是依照本发明获得的生物传感器上活性抗-C-反应性蛋白质抗体的反相图象,图中六角形直径为10微米,六角形中心间距为15微米。
详述
现在,通过参照具体实施方案对本发明进行详细描述。这些实施方案是用来解释本发明,而并不意味着本发明仅限于此方案。例如,在一个方案中描述或阐述的部分特征,可能用于另一个方案中从而构成了更深一层的实施方案。这里想表达的意思为,本发明包括这些以及其它的修改或变化,这都包括在原发明的范围和宗旨中。
本发明的特点是改进了生物传感设备及其使用方法,同时改进了介质中所关注的分析物的定性和定量检测限。本发明能检测的分析物包括但不仅局限于细菌、酵母、真菌和病毒等微生物。依照本发明生产的生物传感设备相对比较便宜,而且比传统的微接触印制生物传感器更具优势。
从广义上来看,本发明包括,通过光掩蔽基底在基底表面上确定分析物特异受体物质活性图案的方法。在基底表面涂上了普遍均匀的受体物质层,再在其上结合了掩模,掩模与基底的联合体被能源照射。掩模以其初始形态为受体物质层的至少一个区域或者截面提供了掩盖或保护,使其不受能源照射。例如,通常掩模可以是均匀透明或半透明的无色物(比如带状物),其上印有或定义了掩盖区域图案。掩模上暴露的没有保护的区域对应着基底单元的暴露区域。选择性地,掩模可以是置于基底上的单一目标。此目标下的区域受保护,因此确定了接受物质的活性区域,而与此目标相邻的区域由于暴露于能源照射之下,从而形成了对接受物质表现非活性的区域。或者,根据所暴露区域,此目标可以具有开放式定义的任何图案。
选择一种可以使未被掩模掩盖的受体物质失活的能源。基本上,该能源破坏了受体物质的结合结构,这是一种自由基机理。掩模掩盖区域下的受体物质在照射过程中受到了保护。因此,在去掉掩模之后,由活性和非活性受体物质区域构成的图案形成了。这里需要理解的是,“图案”包括了至少一个活性区域和一个非活性区域。之后,将生物传感器暴露于含有所关注的分析物的一种介质中,分析物将会与活性区域的受体结合。分析物最终将导致透射光或反射光的衍射行为,从而形成了活性区域的可见衍射图案。下文中将更加详细的说明,对于极其微小的分析物,将可能用到增强物来加强衍射效果。
通过本发明,预期检测到的分析物包括但不仅仅局限于,细菌、酵母、真菌、病毒、类风湿因子、抗体包括但不限于IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD和IgE抗体、癌胚抗原、链球菌A组抗原、病毒性抗原、与自免疫疾病有关的抗原、PSA(前列腺特殊抗原)和CRP(C-活性蛋白质)抗原、变态反应原、瘤抗原、链球菌B组抗原、HIV I或HIV II抗原、或对这些或其它病毒的宿主反应(抗体)、对RSV特异的抗原或对该病毒的宿主反应(抗体)、酶、荷尔蒙、多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、药物和核酸、沙门氏菌类物种、假丝酵母类物种,包括但不限于假丝酵母乳头体和热带假丝酵母、淋病型脑膜炎病毒A、B、C、Y、W135亚类。链球菌肺炎、E大肠杆菌、A/B型嗜血流感、微生物衍生的抗原、半抗原、滥用药、治疗药、环境试剂、肝炎特异抗原。广义上来讲,“所关注的分析物”可以被认为是生物样品中存在或不存在的,用来指示一种健康状态或条件的介质。
同样,可以试图将特定的一类微生物的营养物质与受体物质层结合。通过这种方式,先将本发明中带有营养物质的生物传感器暴露于待检测介质中,再将生物传感器放在一个适合绑定于其上的微生物生长的环境中培养,这样可以检测到浓度非常低的微生物。微生物要生长达到足够量从而能形成衍射图案。当然,在某些情况下,即使没有营养物质存在于活性受体物质区域中,存在的微生物也能够繁殖到足以生成衍射图案。
受体物质的特征在于,它具有一种能与分析物或所关注的分析物特殊结合的能力。能够被用做受体物质的材料种类仅受限于材料的类型,该材料能选择性地(关于选择的样品)与另一种配体结合。这里介绍全体种类受体物质材料集合中的子集,它们有毒素、抗体、抗体片段、抗原、荷尔蒙受体、寄生虫、细胞、半抗原、代谢物、过敏原、核酸、核材料、自身抗体、血原蛋白、细胞残骸、酶、组织蛋白、酶作用物、辅酶、神经传递物、病毒、滤过性毒菌微粒、微生物、蛋白质、多糖、螯合剂、药品、适体(aptamer)、肽,以及任何其它特殊结合配对体中的组分。上述所列的只是大量不同物质中可以涂到基底表面,用来制备一层薄膜试验系统的一些物质。无论选择的所关注的分析物是什么,设计的受体物质要能与该所关注的分析物特殊绑定。
含有所关注的分析物的母体或介质可能是流体、或固体、或气体、或包含一种有形体的流体,比如黏液、唾液、尿、渣滓、组织、骨髓、脑髓、血清、血浆、血液、痰、缓冲溶液、提取液、精液、阴道分泌物、心包的、胃的、腹膜的、胸膜的或其它的洗液等等。所关注的分析物有可能是抗原、抗体、酶、DNA片段、完整的基因、RNA片段、小分子、金属、毒素、环境试剂、核酸、细胞质成分、菌毛或鞭毛成分、蛋白质、多糖、药品或任何其它物质。例如,细菌的受体物质能与表面膜成分如蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、核酸或酶结合。对细菌特异的分析物可能是多糖或酶,或核酸,或一种膜成分,或是一种主体对细菌反应产生的抗体。分析物的存在与否可以指示传染性疾病(细菌性或病毒性毒素),癌症或其它代谢紊乱情况。分析物的存在与否还可能是食物中毒或其它中毒的表征。分析物可以指示药物滥用或治疗药的浓度水平。
最经常用到本技术的化验规程之一是免疫测定。然而,一般的考虑是将其应用到核酸探针、酶/基底、和其它配合体/受体试验形式中。在免疫测定中,抗体作为受体物质或所关注的分析物。受体物质比如抗体或抗原,必须在测试设备基底表面形成稳定的且相对密集的活性层。如果要检测的是抗原,而抗体作为受体物质,则抗体必须是特别针对待测抗原的。抗体(受体物质)必须有足够的性能结合抗原(分析物),而且抗原仍然保留在测试表面。在一些情况中,分析物并非简单地与受体物质结合,而是导致受体物质发生可检测量的变化。这种干扰可能导致在测试表面的量增加或导致测试表面上受体物质量的减少。后一种情况的例子是,特别的固定在基底上的可降解酶或物质的干扰。这种情况下,可以看到所关注的分析物干扰前的图案,但是分析物存在时,衍射图案就会消失。关于分析物与受体物的结合、杂交、或干扰的详细机理对本发明并不重要,但它会对最终试验协议中用到的实验条件造成影响。
除生成简单的衍射图案之外,分析物的图案可以被发展为全息感应图案和/或可见色彩变化图案。因此,全息图的出现或已有的全息图的出现变化意味着正面的响应。透射光衍射构成的图案可以是任何的形状,其包括但不限于,当分析物与受体物质结合后图案从一种图案到另一种的转化。特别优选的实施方案中,将本发明中的生物传感设备与分析物接触,在不到一个小时的时间内衍射图案就可以辨别了。
用于产生衍射光的衍射光栅必须有最小周期,大约为光波波长的1/2,并且其折射率与其周围介质不相等。对于极小的分析物,比如病毒或分子,它们可以通过一种较大的“衍射增强单元”来间接检测,比如利用专门针对于小分析物的微颗粒。一种可以检测微小分析物的实施方案包括在增强颗粒物比如乳胶颗粒或聚苯乙烯颗粒上涂上一种受体物质,比如一种可以特别结合所关注的分析物的抗体。可以用于本发明中的颗粒物包括但不限于,玻璃、纤维素、合成聚合物或塑料、乳胶、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、蛋白质、细菌或真菌细胞、硅、醋酸纤维素、碳等等。颗粒物合适的形状是球形,但是其结构和尺度参数不需要与本发明严格一致。例如,颗粒物可以是长条、椭圆体、立方体、任意形状等等。合适的颗粒物尺寸范围是直径大约为0.1-50微米,理想的为0.1-2.0微米。颗粒物组成不用严格与本发明一致。
理想的情况下,基底上的受体物质层与分析物上的抗原特异地结合,此抗原不同于与增强颗粒物结合的抗原。因此,当检测介质中类似滤过性毒素颗粒物的微小分析物时,先将介质暴露于带有病毒特异受体物的乳胶颗粒物中,介质中待测的微小分析物将与乳胶颗粒物结合。然后,乳胶颗粒物被随意冲洗并与生物传感器膜接触,生物传感器膜上的活性受体物质区域图案含有病毒特异抗体。抗体再与乳胶珠上的病毒性毒素颗粒结合,并将乳胶珠固定在与膜上活性区域相同的区域。因为固定的乳胶珠会导致可见光的衍射,所以衍射图案就可以生成,从而表明流体中病毒性毒素的存在。其它衍射增强颗粒物的联用见专利描述,例如,专利U.S.Pat.No.6,221,579,事实上在本文中已有具体表现。
大量材料中任何一种都可以用作添加受体物质的基底。本领域中的技术人员都很了解以下材料,例如,基底可以由合适的塑料、镀金属塑料或玻璃、功能化塑料或玻璃、硅晶体、金属片、玻璃等等材料中的任何一种构成。本文中叙述的图案制作过程需要一种刚性基底,相对于此更合适的热塑性塑料膜被发现。这些膜包括但不限于,聚合物如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(MYLAR)、丙烯腈-二丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、纤维聚合物如乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、三乙酸纤维素、聚乙烯、聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物、离子交联聚合物(乙烯聚合体)聚乙烯-尼龙共聚物、聚丙烯、甲基戊烯聚合物、聚乙烯基氟、和芳香族聚砜化合物。优选地是,塑料膜的透光度大于80%。还有其它合适的热塑性塑料以及供应商,可以参见一些参考著作,比如Modern PlasticsEncyclopedia(McGrwa-Hill Publishing Co.,New York 1923-1996)。
本发明的一个实施方案,在热塑性塑料膜上有金属涂层。金属涂层的膜可以具有大约5%-95%的透光度。对于本发明中用到的热塑性塑料膜,其透光度的期望值为大约20%-80%。在本发明的一个优选方案中,热塑性塑料膜具有至少80%的透光度,而且金属涂层的厚度应该保证其透光度大于20%,这样衍射图案才能由反射或透射光产生。这要求金属涂层的厚度大约为20纳米。然而,在本发明其它的实施方案中,金属涂层的厚度会大约为1-1000纳米。
用于沉积在膜表面的金属首选为金。然而,银、铝、铬、铜、铁、锆、铂、钛、镍以及这些金属的氧化物都可以被采用。氧化铬可以用做金属涂层。
可以用任何常规方法将受体物应用到基底上。受体物的应用要使其均匀地覆盖基底的整个(例如上面的)表面。采用非接触方法应用受体物可以消除涂抹过程中因接触而发生污染的可能性。合适的应用方法包括但是不限于,浸渍、喷雾、翻滚、旋转涂抹,以及其他任何可以将受体物层均匀涂抹在基底整个测试表面的技术。很多物质会发生简单的物理吸附,比如聚苯乙烯、玻璃、尼龙,或其它本领域中技术人员所熟知的材料。固定分析物特异受体物质层的一个特别实施方案包括分子附加,比如可能是硫醇或含有二硫化物的混合物与金之间的附加。典型地,在硅晶体,或玻璃,或聚合体膜(象这种MYLAR)上涂抹一层厚度大约为5-2000纳米的金层。当暴露于受体物质溶液后,分析物特异受体附加在金表面。
尽管不是优选地,本发明还包括了应用涂层的接触印制方法。选择这种方法将减少涂抹大量测试表面所必需的受体物质数量,并能保持在应用过程中受体物的稳定性/应用功能性。采用这种技术,应该以统一而且可重复的方式将受体物涂抹或附着在基底上。
在基底上,预期的受体物质层会生成,并以自装配单分子层的形式存在,单分子层可能是金属化热塑性塑料膜上的链式硫醇盐,或羧酸,或羟基氨基酸,或磷酸。自装配单分子层上结合了受体物质。关于自装配单分子层和生成这种单分子层的方法,在专利U.S.Pat.No.5,922,550中有更加详细的描述。事实上,该专利整体上在此被陈述。
掩模可以由任何合适的材料生成,该材料能够保护其下面的部分基底不受能源辐射。一种材料被证实在镀金MYLAR膜上区分活性与非活性图案时是有用,将其涂抹上抗体溶液,在紫外光能源照射下,其表现为一种透明的或半透明的聚合物膜(如MYLAR),该膜上有被掩盖或被保护的印迹区域图案。此类掩模对于波长大于等于约330纳米的光源有效。对于波长小于330纳米的光源,可以采用带有铬或其它镀金保护区域的石英或熔融硅掩模。可以通过选择一种有开孔的图案和尺寸,使活性与非活性区域之间的可见衍射差异最大化。合适的方法是将活性区域划分为均匀的直径约10微米的圆形,并且圆形之间间隔约为5微米。
任何合适的能源都可用来照射掩模和基底的联合体。能源的选择要特别能满足使特定类型的受体物质失活的要求。例如,能源可能为一种光源,如紫外光源,或电子束,或辐射源等等。在一个特别的实施方案中,受体物是一种基于蛋白质的物质,比如一种抗体,使之失活的能源是一种紫外光源。将传感器暴露于紫外光中一段时间,这段时间足够使抗体失活。本发明不局限于任何特殊波长的紫外光或暴露时间。波长和暴露时间可以随特定类型的受体物质而变化。其它合适的能源可能包括可调激光,电子束,包括伽玛射线X-射线源的各种类型的辐射束,光的强度和波长包括足够量级的波束以及波长更小的波束等等。值得注意的是,许多能源是经过特别制作,专门使特殊的抗体或其它类型的双分子失活。应该注意不要让能源破坏(比如融化)了下面的基底或掩模的下层。
图1是依照本发明利用掩模过程制备生物传感器方法的示意性说明。步骤A表示作为受体物质层2的生物分子被应用到了一个基底单元4。步骤B表示一种掩模6被置于到基底单元4上。掩模8包括暴露的或开放的区域10和掩盖的或被保护区域8。步骤C表示掩模6和基底单元4的联合体被能源12照射。掩模8的开放区域使生物分子暴露于能源12,从而该生物分子失活,而掩盖区域8的生物分子由于受到掩模6的保护而保持活性。步骤D表示掩模6后面的生物传感器。该生物传感器包括受体物质2的活性区域14和去活性区域16。活性区域14和去活性区域16的图案与掩模6的暴露区域10和掩盖区域8的图案相一致。
根据本发明获得的生物传感器在许多领域有广泛的应用。本发明的生物传感器用途包括,但不仅限于,检测衣物中的化学或生物污染物,比如尿布,检测肉类、果汁或其它饮料等预包装食品中的微生物污染,以及在健康诊断方面的应用,比如可用做诊断工具包来检测蛋白质、荷尔蒙、抗原、DNA、微生物以及血液要素。本发明也可以用做隐形眼镜、眼镜、窗格、药物瓶、溶剂容器、水瓶、邦迪创可贴、擦布等等方面的污染物检测。在一种实施方案中,本发明预期为一种量杆,在量杆的末端装配了组合基底。使用中,量杆被浸入到可能含有待测分析物的液体中,放置几分钟。取出量杆,用一束光投射到基底上,或者利用基底反射光来观察分析。如果观察到了衍射图案,则液体中含有该分析物。
关于本发明的另一种实施方案,在同样的基底上进行一次性多种分析物试验。将几种基底组合,其截面组成一条。每个截面都针对不同的分析物涂上了不同的受体物质。可以看到,本发明可以将各种组合基底以任意一种矩阵形式排列,这样可以让本发明的生物传感器用户通过一次实验检测介质中多种分析物的存在。
本发明的再一种实施方案,可以将生物传感器附着到一个有粘力的后衬标签或贴花纸上,然后将标签或贴花纸放置在一个硬表面或容器壁上。生物传感器就可以放在比如食品包装盒或玻璃瓶等容器的内表面。于是,此生物传感器能够显示其中是否存在细菌污染。
通过下述例子可进一步阐述本发明,但不是以任何带有欺骗性的夸大本发明范围的方式来解释。应该明白,手段是与各种其它的实施方案、修改以及等同物相关,当阅读了此发明的说明之后,本领域的研究人员则会领会这些手段,并不会偏离本发明的范围和精神。
实施例
一种75×50mm显微镜载玻片(Corning)被涂上了聚苯乙烯,用作一种摄影图案的基底。最初,载玻片用丙酮清洗。干燥后,将载玻片暴露在含有氢氧化钾的乙醇饱和溶液中1min。然后用水和乙醇先后冲洗载玻片,再用过滤空气吹干。用六甲基二硅氮烷处理1min后,在旋转机座上以3000RPM旋转干燥。最后用含有2%分子量(MW)为28,000的聚苯乙烯的甲苯溶液涂抹此载玻片,并以1200RPM旋转干燥。将带有聚苯乙烯涂层的载玻片浸在0.5mg/ml单克隆抗-C-活性蛋白质抗体的溶液(Biospacific,#A58040136P,lot#A0640)5min。再以0.2um过滤水漂洗此载玻片,并用过滤空气吹干。
光掩模隔离的抗体层在222纳米光源(Heraeus Noblelight,TypeVG)下暴露4min,抗体层则形成非活性和活性区域的影象。石英上带铬的光掩模是通过电子束直接写入获得图案的办法制备,这个图案为中心相距15um、5um直径的六角形规则排列的网格(正象)。利用真空结构,使涂有抗体的载玻片与光掩模紧密接触。用熔凝硅平凸镜校准光。
利用基于酶化验而生成的有色沉淀,可以看到最后的活性区域图案。含有1ug/mL C-活性蛋白质的溶液,其中C-活性蛋白质与山葵过氧化物酶(Dako,#P0227,lot#074-301)共价结合,它与构成图案的抗体表面反应10min,然后用PBS(50mM,pH为7.4磷酸盐缓冲,150mM氯化钠)清洗。然后载玻片用过滤空气吹干。残留的山葵过氧化物酶(通过抗体识别C-活性蛋白质方式而驻留在活性区域)可以通过四甲基对二氨基联苯的沉淀物看到(KPL Microwell过氧化物酶基底,#50-76-04和KPL Membrane Enhancer,#50-77-01)。
接着,沉淀物的图案可以用光学显微镜观察。图2是依照本发明获得的生物传感器上活性抗-C-活性蛋白质抗体的反色图象,图中六角形直径为10微米,其中心间距离为15微米。
Claims (27)
1.一种生物传感器,包括:
基底组件;
受体物质层,通常均匀的覆盖在基底组件的一侧,所述受体物质对所关注的分析物是特异的;
所述受体物质的活性和非活性区图案,所述受体物质限定在所述层上,所述活性和非活性区通过掩模方法形成,其特征在于,掩模放在所述基底上,通过所述掩模,暴露区定义为所述图案的所述受体物质的非活性区,保护区定义为所述图案的所述受体物质的活性区;以及
其中当所述传感器暴露在含有相关分析物质的介质中时,被分析物键合所述活性区中的所述受体物质,并且进而在对应的所述活性区衍射图案中,有助于发射光或反射光的衍射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,经过掩模法中的掩模,所述受体物质非活性区接受能源照射。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述基底包含源于塑料、金属涂层塑料和玻璃、功能化塑料和玻璃、硅晶片、玻璃和金属薄片的物质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述基底包含镀金聚合物膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述聚合物膜包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
6.根据权利要求4所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述金属选自金、银、铬、镍、铂、铝、铁、铜、钛、金氧化物、铬氧化物、银氧化物或锆。
7.根据权利要求4所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述金属为金。
8.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述衍射图案肉眼可见。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述受体物质是基于蛋白质的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述受体物质是抗体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述基底经足以去除暴露于所述掩模之外的所述受体物质活性的波长的紫外光照射。
12.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述受体物质至少是抗原、抗体、核苷、螯合剂、酶、细菌、酵母、真菌、病毒、菌毛、细菌鞭毛物、核酸、多糖、脂类、蛋白质、糖类、金属、荷尔蒙、适体、肽以及所述物质的各自受体之一。
13.根据权利要求1所述的生物传感器,其特征在于,所述相关被分析物质至少是细菌、酵母、真菌、病毒、类风湿因子、lgG、lgM、lgA、lgD和lgE抗体、癌胚抗原、链球菌A组抗原、病毒性抗原、与自免疫疾病有关的抗原、变态反应原、瘤抗原、链球菌B组抗原、HIVI或HIV II抗原、或病毒抗体、RSV特异抗原、抗体、抗原、酶、荷尔蒙、多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、药物和核酸、淋病型脑膜炎病毒A、B、C、Y和W135亚类、链球菌肺炎、E大肠杆菌K1、A/B型嗜血流感、微生物衍生得到的抗原、PSA(前列腺特殊抗原)和CRP(C-活性蛋白质)抗原、半抗原、滥用药、治疗药、环境试剂、肝炎特异抗原中的一种。
14.一种制造生物传感器的方法,包括步骤:
形成通常均匀覆盖在基底表面的受体物质层,此受体物质层含有对相关被分析物质有特异的受体物质。
在基底上放置掩模,此掩模具有一定的外形,以便在至少覆盖基底的基本区域同时至少暴露一个邻近的区域。
用能源照射基底和掩模组合物,此能源足以去除暴露于掩模之外的受体物质活性。
从基底移除掩模,以及
其中,所得到的受体物质的活性和非活性区图案被确定,透过掩模而暴露的区域对应于非活性区,掩模底下的区域对应于活性区,这样当生物传感器暴露在含有相关的被分析物质的介质中时,被分析物质结合活性区中的受体物质,并且进而在对应的活性区衍射图案中,有助于发射光或反射光的衍射。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,包括选择基底,此基底选自塑料、金属涂层塑料和玻璃、功能化塑料和玻璃、硅晶片、玻璃以及金属薄片。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,基底包含镀金聚合物膜。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,聚合物膜包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,包括从金、银、铬、镍、铂、铝、铁、铜、钛、金氧化物、铬氧化物、银氧化物和锆中选择金属。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属为金。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,包括在聚合物膜上沉积金涂层,涂层厚度大约为1-1000纳米。
21.根据权利要求14所述的方法,包括用肉眼观看活性区衍射图案。
22.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,受体物质是基于蛋白质的。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,受体物质是抗体。
24.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,包括用足以去除暴露于掩模之外的受体物质活性的波长的紫外光照射基底。
25.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,包括选择受体物质,此受体物质至少选自于抗原、抗体、核苷、螯合剂、酶、细菌、酵母、真菌、病毒、菌毛、细菌鞭毛物、核酸、多糖、脂类、蛋白质、糖类、金属、荷尔蒙、适体、肽以及所述物质的各自受体之一。
26.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所关注的被分析物质至少选自于细菌、酵母、真菌、病毒、类风湿因子、lgG、lgM、lgA、lgD和lgE抗体、癌胚抗原、链球菌A组抗原、病毒性抗原、与自免疫疾病有关的抗原、变态反应原、瘤抗原、链球菌B组抗原、HIVI或HIV II抗原、或病毒抗体、RSV特异抗原、抗体、抗原、酶、荷尔蒙、多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、药物、核酸、淋病型脑膜炎病毒A、B、C、Y和W135亚类、链球菌肺炎、E大肠杆菌K1、A/B型嗜血流感、微生物衍生得到的抗原、PSA(前列腺特殊抗原)和CRP(C-活性蛋白质)抗原、半抗原、滥用药、治效药、环境试剂、肝炎特异抗原中的一种。
27.根据权利要求14所述的方法,还包括在所期望图案中通过掩模限定多个孔,该孔限定了非活性区图案。
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CA2483189C (en) | 2013-01-29 |
BR0309416A (pt) | 2007-02-21 |
KR20050008689A (ko) | 2005-01-21 |
EP1502111A2 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
WO2003093822A3 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
CA2483189A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
AU2003221967A8 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
RU2332672C2 (ru) | 2008-08-27 |
TWI250274B (en) | 2006-03-01 |
US7223534B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
RU2004131197A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
CN1646915B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
TW200403430A (en) | 2004-03-01 |
US20030207253A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
WO2003093822A2 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
MXPA04010352A (es) | 2005-02-17 |
AU2003221967A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
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