CN1646299A - 将塑料管道和塑料插孔座连接起来的方法和装置 - Google Patents

将塑料管道和塑料插孔座连接起来的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1646299A
CN1646299A CNA038078910A CN03807891A CN1646299A CN 1646299 A CN1646299 A CN 1646299A CN A038078910 A CNA038078910 A CN A038078910A CN 03807891 A CN03807891 A CN 03807891A CN 1646299 A CN1646299 A CN 1646299A
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jack base
pipeline
retainer
nozzle
head end
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吉多·彼得勒斯·约翰尼斯·范德克劳
哈罗德·梅采尔·布洛姆
巴尔特·扬·巴克斯
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Heineken Technical Services BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
    • B29B13/025—Tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7879—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined said parts to be joined moving in a closed path, e.g. a rectangular path
    • B29C65/7882—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined said parts to be joined moving in a closed path, e.g. a rectangular path said parts to be joined moving in a circular path
    • B29C65/7885—Rotary turret joining machines, i.e. having several joining tools moving around an axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1228—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00141—Protective gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将塑料管道部分与塑料插孔座连接起来的方法和装置。管道部分(6)的头端(9)在整个周围被无接触加热，直到该头端卷曲形成的直径大于插孔座(5)的内径。然后在不使用心轴或芯棒的情况下，将管道部分推入插孔座中，使得头端(9)与插孔座(5)的熔化壁材料形成一个高强度的液密封的熔融连接。

Description

将塑料管道和塑料插孔座连接起来的方法和装置
本发明涉及到一种将具有外径的塑料管道连接到具有内径的塑料插孔座中的方法，在该方法中所述管道的端部被加热，然后加热过的管道端部被推入插孔座中，并在其中冷却以形成一个热连接。
已经知道，要将一个由在相对低温下熔化的塑料(例如PP或者PE)制成的塑料管道与一个具有较高熔点的塑料插孔座连接起来，可以通过在塑料管道的头端中放置金属芯棒或金属套管、使该头端与加热元件接触来加热该头端、并将具有套管的塑料管道推入插孔座中来实现。同样地，通过将圆柱形加热元件插入插孔座中，从内部来加热该插孔座。插孔座的壁材料在插入上述加热元件的过程中变形，留在管道中的芯棒形成了一个液密封。这种已知方法的一个缺点是，通过芯棒的通流直径减少，使得流动阻力增加，并且在液流通过管道流进插孔座时可能出现湍流。如果插孔座形成有柔性啤酒管道的流出部分，则对于碳酸饮料(如啤酒)来说，这尤其是一个问题，其中该通流直径的变化可能导致不合要求的泡沫形成。
此外，金属芯棒在塑料部件的重复利用过程中会产生一些问题；且当这样的芯棒作为额外部分插入时，会增加部件的成本。
最后，在通过将上述管道与加热元件直接接触来加热管道末端的过程中，塑料受到损害，并且所产生的连接不适合与食品接触。并且，还存在留在加热元件和/或心轴上的熔化塑料被引入管道中的风险。为防止管道毁坏而对芯棒的装配，就成为相对复杂的操作，也降低了生产率。
本发明的目的是提供一个将塑料管道与塑料插孔座连接起来的方法，该方法能消除上述缺点。
本发明的目的还在于提供一个方法和装置，用来将塑料管道与塑料插孔座以可靠的流体密封(气密封和/或液密封)的方式连接起来。
为此，根据本发明描述该方法，包括以下步骤：
-无接触地加热该管道的端部，其中热量围绕该端部的周边基本上均匀传递；
-卷曲该端部的头端，以形成直径大于插孔座内径的凸缘；
-将该管道的头端插入到插孔座中，其中插孔座内壁的壁材料被推至距插孔座端面一定距离的位置，从而通过管道的卷曲端部边缘和被推起的插孔座的壁材料来形成液封连接。
将塑料管道的头端卷曲来产生一个部分，该部分被热量所软化，并具有一个大于插孔座内径的直径。在插入插孔座的过程中，上述卷曲的头端或“蘑菇体”推动插孔座的壁材料与其一起移动，直到超出插孔座头端的一个预定插入长度。当到达插孔座内的一定插入长度时，卷曲的头端凝固，插孔座的壁材料也发生凝固，这样上述材料结合在一起，从而形成了一个液密和气密的密封件。直接位于卷曲头端后侧的管道部分提供了足够的硬度来将管道的头端推入插孔座内，从而将其夹紧，且不需要内套管或芯棒。由于不再需要在塑料管道头端上设置强化金属芯棒，可以节省材料并降低密封成本。最后，实现了塑料管道的无接触加热，使得塑料材料不会发生分解，形成无害的连接，并且没有塑料残余留在连接插孔座和管道的装置上，因而使得装置的维护费用比较低。
在一个实施例中，围绕其纵向轴线旋转的管道的端部保持静止，且一个环形加热元件围绕该端部放置。为了均匀加热，采用了辐射加热元件，从而防止了传导造成的不均匀性。举例来说，辐射加热元件可以包括一个围绕塑料管道末端的环形金属元件。塑料管道的末端可以在纵向方向上移到金属元件的加热腔体中。同样地，可以制造可转动的铜加热元件，其可转动成两半，用于在辐射方向上插入塑料管道的端部。为了得到可靠的连接，在将管道的端部插入插孔座内之前，将加热元件放入插孔座内，用来加热插孔座的内部。这样就软化了插孔座的塑料壁材料，从而可以很容易地将其推动，结果使得塑料管道卷曲头端的材料与插孔座的壁材料能够顺利熔合在一起。在一个较好的方法中，具有环形槽和距该环形槽一定距离的导流器的一个针型喷嘴，插入插孔座内，从而在插孔座的内壁上形成了一个环形槽，该环形槽被管道的卷曲头端所填充。
塑料管道的外径可以小于插孔座的内径，但优选大于或等于插孔座内径，这样可以形成一个压配合。
一种将塑料管道高速地连接到塑料插孔座上的装置，包括：
-一个夹紧滑座，用来沿一个管道轨道夹紧管道的端部；
-一个位于夹紧滑座旁的保持架，与管道轨道在同一直线上，用来容纳插孔座，所述夹紧滑座和保持架可以彼此相对移动；
-一个加热单元，其具有环形加热腔体和移动元件，用来使加热单元在夹紧滑座和保持架之间、在与管道轨道成一直线的退回位置和工作位置之间移动。
优选地，各种夹紧元件和保持架在它们的转盘上固定，该转盘可沿加热单元旋转。在一个优选实施例中，设置有两套夹紧滑座、保持架和加热单元的组件，且彼此相隔一定距离，与管道轨道成一直线，用来同时在管道两端安装插孔座。根据本发明的方法和装置特别适合于在塑料管道的末端安装一个瓶盖式(bottletap)阀，就像本申请人的专利NL1015368中描述的那样，或者适合于安装一个塑料分配适配器，像本申请人的专利NL1016687中描述的那样。举例来说，其中的塑料管道由聚乙烯制成，而塑料插孔座的材料是板焊温度大约为390℃的聚丙烯。
根据本发明的方法和装置的众多实施例，将参考附图进行更详细地说明，附图中：
图1和图2表示了在根据本发明将一个塑料管道和塑料插孔座连接起来的情况中，啤酒管道的关闭阀的轴向截面；
图3表示了在连接前具有卷曲头端的塑料管道和塑料插孔座的纵向截面图；
图4表示了图3中装配状态下受热熔化的管道和插孔座；
图5表示了图4中熔化连接的详图；
图6表示了实施本发明方法的一个装置的示意图；
图7表示了用来加热插孔座内壁的喷嘴的详图；
图8表示了插孔座内部的环形槽的详图；
图9表示了在五条管道的两端同时安装塑料插孔座的回转焊接机的透视图；
图10a和图10b表示了根据本发明的夹紧滑座和加热单元的透视图。
图1表示了一个用于啤酒管道的关闭阀1，就像本申请人的专利NL1015368中所描述的。关闭阀1完全由塑料制造，包含一个流出管2，一个关闭凸耳3和一个活动插孔座4，活动插孔座4相对关闭凸耳3在轴向方向上可以滑动。插孔座4上安装了凸缘5，用来和一个丝锥扳手操作结构相配合。柔性管道6以液封的方式与插孔座4连接。管道6例如由聚乙烯制造，壁厚为1mm，外径为6.2mm。插孔座5由聚丙烯制造。
图2表示了在开放状态下的关闭阀1，保护罩7已经去掉了，插孔座5已相对凸耳3滑动，使得流出孔8开放，并且管道6与流出管2流体连通。
图3表示了管道6，其外径D1为6.2mm，壁厚D2为1mm。头端9通过用环形加热元件无接触地环绕加热实现卷曲。已经发现，使用一个含有圆形空腔的加热铜块的环形辐射加热器(该圆形空腔的直径例如为10mm，被加热到温度大约400℃)，可以使头端9自动均匀地卷曲，直到形成倒圆形台肩10，该台肩相对管道的外壁6突出1到2mm的高度H。加热过程中管道6保持静止。头端9加热后软化为流质，能够被插入到内径D3为5.8mm的插孔座5中。为了使塑料管道6的端部能够以指定的方式插入插孔座5，上述插孔座5设有一个斜角边缘11。在管道部分6的插入过程中，位于头端9后面的管道提供足够的刚度，来推动上述头端插入插孔座5内几毫米(例如3到4毫米)的长度L。在管道部分6插入插孔座5内的过程中，卷曲的头端9的直径比插孔座的内径D3要大。在插入过程中，软化且流质的卷曲头端9变形，且在与插孔座5的内壁接触时，使得上述内壁熔化并沿着长度L方向推起内壁材料。在距插孔座5的入口几毫米处，卷曲的边缘9和插孔座被推起的内壁材料凝固，从而形成了熔合连接。这在图4中表示，并在图5中有详细表示，其中可以清楚地看到变形的卷曲边缘9与插孔座5的被推起的壁材料12形成了一个熔合连接16，这样就形成了一个液封和气封连接。插孔座5的壁厚D4可以为3mm，而插孔座5的翻起部分(turned-up)的壁厚D5为1.4mm。已经发现，在卷曲头端9和插孔座5的被推起的壁材料12之间，可以简单而迅速地形成一个很可靠的液封、气封和抗张力连接。
如图4和图5所示，举例来说，该连接所吸收的张力为80N。
图6示意显示了一个用来将塑料插孔座5连接到塑料管道6的端部13上的装置。塑料管道6夹在一个夹紧滑座14内，该夹紧滑座14可以沿管道轨道15在箭头T的方向上移动。环形加热元件17通过温度调节单元18控制，被加热到例如大约400℃。加热元件17例如是一个铜块，上面有一个直径D6(例如为10mm)的开口。加热元件可以横跨管道轨道15进行移动。插孔座5在保持架19中夹紧。喷嘴20被插入插孔座5内，通过一个导流器21将加热过的压缩空气吹到插孔座5的内壁22上，从而形成环形槽。也可以采用其他气体代替压缩空气，例如氮气(如果需要防止高温氧化的话)。压缩空气通过调节单元23和(柔性)管道24被输送给喷嘴20，该喷嘴设计为缝形，其直径D7例如为2mm。喷嘴20可以沿着管道轨道15移动，同样也可以横跨上述管道轨道。如图3所示，在插孔座5的内壁22以及管道15的端部13为形成卷曲头端而加热之后，喷嘴20和加热元件17横跨管道轨道15而退回，夹紧滑座14向插孔座5移动，管道的端部13插入插孔座5内，从而产生一个如图4所示的连接。
图7表示了为局部加热插孔座5的内壁22而位于插孔座5内的喷嘴20的详图。喷嘴20包含芯部26，该芯部26具有用于热压缩空气的贯穿进给通道27、27’。套管25环绕芯部26安装，且可以通过纵向上的螺纹来移动。导流器28安装在芯部26上，且延伸于套管25的流出孔的上方。这样热压缩空气在图示的箭头方向上被反射，且落在插孔座5的壁上，从而在插孔座5内距插孔座头端L处形成了如图8所示的环形槽29。通过套管25和导流器28的相对移动，可以影响空气流的反射，从而改变槽29形成处的高度L。在管道6插入插孔座5的过程中，卷曲头端9可以陷入环形槽29中，在那里与插孔座5的局部加热的壁材料熔合，来形成抗张力的液封连接。
图9表示了用于在五个管道6的两侧同时装配塑料插孔座的设备的视图。管道6的两侧在夹紧块14中固定，并通过加热装置17、20在两端加热。在所述设备的侧面30上，插孔座表现为盘形分配适配器31的形式，就像本申请人的专利NL-1016687中所述的那样，用来与管道6连接；同时，在所述设备的侧面30上，如图1和图2所示的关闭阀的插孔座5连接到管道6上。管道6在可旋转的转盘33上安置成5组，从而管道被成组地夹紧，并能够旋转到加热装置17、20。在加热管道6的端部和插孔座内壁之后，加热装置退出，插孔座和分配适配器31在管道6的纵向方向上被分配适配器31和插孔座5的保持架34、35的移动挤压在管道上。
图10a显示了夹紧滑座14，其中管道6和关闭阀1在保持架19中被夹紧。关闭阀1通过管状结构37进行供应，该管状结构37固定到可在垂直于夹紧滑座14的方向上移动的供应/加热单元38上，如图10b所示。环形加热元件17和具有管道24所提供的热压缩空气的喷嘴20，都安装在供应/加热单元38上。在供应/加热单元38安置在夹紧滑座14上方，且关闭阀1安装在保持架19内之后，供应/加热单元38在管道的纵向方向上相对夹紧滑座14移动，从而管道的端部在环形加热元件17中静止，使得喷嘴位于在关闭阀1中。在加热管道6的端部和关闭阀1的内壁之后，供应/加热单元38再次在管道6的纵向方向上移动，直到管道的端部位于环形加热元件17之外，并且喷嘴从关闭阀1中退出，供应/加热单元38通过横跨夹紧滑座14而从管道轨道上移去，在这之后管道6相对于保持架19移动，使得管道被推入关闭阀1的插孔座内，这样形成了一个抗张力的、液封的熔合连接。

Claims (12)

1.一种将塑料管道(6)连接到具有内径(D3)的塑料插孔座(5)中的方法，该塑料管道(6)具有外径(D1)，在该方法中所述管道的端部被加热，然后加热过的管道端部被推入插孔座中，并在其中冷却以形成一个热连接(16)，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
-无接触地加热该管道的端部，其中热量围绕该端部的周边基本上均匀传递；
-卷曲该端部的头端(9)，以形成直径大于插孔座内径(D3)的凸缘；
-将该管道(6)的头端(9)插入到插孔座(5)中，其中插孔座内壁的壁材料被推至距插孔座端面(L)一定距离的位置，从而通过管道的卷曲头端和被推起的插孔座的壁材料来形成液封连接(16)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中上述外径(D1)大于或等于插孔座的内径(D3)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在加热管道端部的过程中，上述围绕其纵向轴线旋转的管道的所述端部保持静止，且一个环形加热元件(17)围绕该端部而放置。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述加热元件(17)包括一个辐射加热元件。
5.如前面任一权利要求所述的方法，其中在管道端部插入插孔座中之前，一个加热元件(20)放置在插孔座中，来加热插孔座内部。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中通过所述加热元件(20)在插孔座(5)内形成环形槽(29)，以容纳管道(6)的卷曲头端(9)。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述加热元件(20)包括一个喷嘴，该喷嘴具有环形缝和距该环形缝一定距离的导流器(28)，从而通过喷嘴和导流器可以将热流体吹到插孔座(6)的内壁(22)上。
8.一种将塑料管道连接到塑料插孔座上的装置，包括：
-一个夹紧滑座(14)，用来沿一个管道轨道(15)夹紧管道的端部；
-一个位于夹紧滑座旁的保持架(19)，与管道轨道(15)在同一直线上，用来容纳插孔座(5)，所述夹紧滑座(14)和保持架(19)可以彼此相对移动；
-一个加热单元(17)，其具有环形加热腔体和移动元件(38)，用来使加热单元在夹紧滑座和保持架之间、在与管道轨道成一直线的退回位置和工作位置之间移动。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述加热单元包括一个喷嘴(20)，该喷嘴具有孔和距该孔一定距离的导流器(28)，所述加热单元还包括一个供流装置(24)，该喷嘴在工作位置时可以被放置成与管道轨道(15)成一直线。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的装置，其中所述夹紧滑座(14)和插孔座的保持架(19)位于一个可旋转的转盘(33)上，并且可以沿所述加热单元(17、20)旋转。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置，其中各个夹紧滑座(14)和保持架(19)固定在固定于转盘(33)上的支承件上，且根据夹具元件和保持架的数目来设置多个加热单元(17、20)。
12.如权利要求8～11之一所述的装置，其中该装置安装有两套组件，所述组件含有夹紧滑座(14)、保持架(19)和加热单元，并且彼此相隔一定距离，与管道轨道(15)成一直线，用来同时在管道两端安装插孔座(5)。
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US7390375B2 (en) 2008-06-24
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US20050199338A1 (en) 2005-09-15
NZ534803A (en) 2006-03-31
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ATE334799T1 (de) 2006-08-15
CA2477215A1 (en) 2003-08-28

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