CN1641190A - 用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器 - Google Patents

用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器 Download PDF

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CN1641190A
CN1641190A CNA2005100045535A CN200510004553A CN1641190A CN 1641190 A CN1641190 A CN 1641190A CN A2005100045535 A CNA2005100045535 A CN A2005100045535A CN 200510004553 A CN200510004553 A CN 200510004553A CN 1641190 A CN1641190 A CN 1641190A
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silencing apparatus
depression
shell
wall
combustion engine
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CN100398788C (zh
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J·布兰德
K·施勒尔
P·加西亚
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Tenneco GmbH
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Heinrich Gillet GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的主题是一种消声器，其外壳(1)配有无规律设置的、借助于一个有限元计算机程序计算的凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9)。所述凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9)是的规则地形成边缘的简单的几何图形——如圆、圆环(4)、圆环扇形段(5)、矩形(6，10)或梯形(7)。这样选择所述凹陷(4，5，6，7，10)的大小和位置，使所述外壳(1)的最低固有频率大于/等于内燃机在其整个转速范围上的主激振频率。

Description

用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器，该消声器至少包括一个外壳、一个进气管、一个排气管和必要时的内壁和/或管，所述外壳配有无规律设置的、借助于FEM计算机程序计算的凹陷。
背景技术
在计算一个用于汽车的消声器的几何形状时，无论是进气消声器或后消声器，声学要求都必需与发动机空间或底盘下面的空间情况相协调。尤其是空间情况使消声器外壳具有椭圆至立方体扁平的横截面。为了防止外壳的大平面薄板件自由振动并无阻碍地辐射声音、尤其是低频声音，所述外壳薄板配有压痕。例如可以比较DE 197 46 553A，EP 0 324 891 A，BE 653 635 A，JP 49129034 A，JP 07259531 A或US 2,835,336。在这些文献中描述的外壳薄板的压痕基本上根据经验获得。由此尽管可以在一定程度上降低外壳表面的声辐射，但是结果不是最佳的。
在德国杂志“ATZ和MTZ”2003年10月增刊第39和40页描述了一个用于内燃机废气装置后消声器的地形最佳化，它在使用美国公司Altair Engineering销售的计算机程序“Optistruct”的条件下运行。这种基于有限元(FEM)方法的计算机程序能够使一个薄板表面自动地如此优化，使得最低的固有频率尽可能高。固有频率越高，主观和客观感觉到的噪声就越小。
所述计算机程序“Optistruct”根据给定的消声器外壳的形状和尺寸计算外壳表面上的压痕，该压痕导致尽可能高的固有频率。这样计算出来的在外壳表面上的压痕可以称为无规律地形成边缘的、无规律地定位的和不均匀深度的凹陷。
由于该凹陷与在一个奶牛皮上的斑记近似，所以这种凹陷图形也称为“奶牛斑记-图案”。也使用称谓“Kassel凹陷”。
通过这种计算机优化程序获得的凹陷图形的声学效果是非常突出的，但是为了实现该图形所必需的深拉模具是复杂且昂贵的，因为在加工无规律地形成边缘的和不均匀深度的凹模和凸模时不能使用简单的加工方法。这是令人不满意的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种上述类型的消声器，该消声器的由外壳表面发出的声辐射最小，但是该消声器能够以明显简单且经济的模具进行制造。
这个目的通过一个具有权利要求1特征的消声器得以实现。
本发明基于的规定是，由外壳表面发出的声辐射借助于计算机优化程序实现最小化，但是其中所述凹陷图形局限于简单几何形状，该几何形状基本可以通过标准化的金属加工工艺车削和铣削制成。
这些图形最好是圆和圆环以及圆扇形段和圆环扇形段，也包括多角形、尤其是矩形。它们由计算机优化程序这样设计尺寸和定位，使得在内燃机的整个旋转范围上的最低固有频率尽可能远地位于发动机的主要激振频率以上，由此使外壳表面的声辐射最小。
按照本发明的消声器与具有所谓奶牛斑记-设计的消声器相比令人惊奇的是，几乎不能测量出声学差。但是加工成本具有明显的差别。
按照本发明的一个优选的改进方案所述凹陷可以相互贯穿。
已经令人惊奇地证实，所述凹陷也可以设计成任意字符集的文字-拉丁文、阿拉伯文、中文、日文等文字、埃及的图形文字等。数字和特殊符号也证明是有利的。但是这些标记不能替换通常涂覆的序列数字、加工标记等。这些标记不是无规律地设置的。
也可以使凹陷连续地定位。
按照本发明的解决方案的另一特征是，所述外壳可以只由一层薄板制成。通常的消声器使用复合薄板，以便通过薄板之间的摩擦降低固体声辐射。
同样已经令人惊奇地证实，所述薄板的壁厚可以明显地降低，更确切地说降至直到0.7mm，而不会使固体声辐射不允许地升高。在此，不管所述外壳由两个半壳组成还是由一个薄板卷成都是无关紧要的。
附图说明
借助于附图详细描述本发明的一个实施例。附图中：
图1示出一个以最小声辐射优化的第一消声器，
图2示出一个优化的消声器的前后比较的测量值，
图3示出一个以最小声辐射优化的第二消声器，
图4示出一个以最小声辐射优化的第三消声器。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个用于具有内燃机的汽车的第一消声器。外壳1具有一个特别扁平的立方形横截面。废气通过一个进气管2进入到外壳1中，并通过一个排气管3离开外壳。在外壳1的内部中如公知的那样设有内壁和内管，其位置和刚度影响到外壳1的固有频率。
为了降低由于或大或小弯曲的薄板表面产生的外壳表面的高声辐射，在外壳表面中压入一个优化的凹陷图形。所述凹陷图形由规则地形成边缘的简单的几何图形组成。可以看到圆环4、圆环扇形段5、矩形6和梯形7。两个矩形的凹陷6局部地相互贯穿，由此产生一个T形图形。
图2前后比较地示出声音优化措施的结果。优化的曲线(虚线)位于起始曲线(连续线)以下直达10db。
图3示出一个由于将固有频率推移到较高的值而优化到最小的声辐射的消声器。作为凹陷仅存在相同大小的圆8，由此使深拉模具或压制模具特别简单。平行的矩形凹陷9的目的是使分隔壁固定在外壳1的内部中。
图4示出一个优化到最小声辐射的消声器的的第三实施例。所述凹陷图形由一个字符集的“字母”和“数字”组成，一个FEM计算机程序这样无规律地定位该字符集，使最低的固有频率位于内燃机的主激振频率以上。

Claims (13)

1.用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器，该消声器至少包括
一一个外壳(1)、
-一个进气管(2)、
-一个排气管(3)、
-和必要时的内壁和/或管，
-所述外壳(1)配有无规律设置的、借助于一个有限元计算机程序计算的凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)，
其特征在于，
-所述凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)是规则地形成边缘的简单的几何图形，
-所述外壳(1)的最低固有频率大于/等于内燃机在其整个转速范围上的主激振频率。
2.如权利要求1所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)一致地凹下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述凹陷由圆(8)、圆扇形段、圆环(4)和/或圆环扇形段(5)构成。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述凹陷由多角形、尤其是矩形(6，9)构成。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述凹陷由任意字符集的文字标记(10)构成。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，两个或多个凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)互相贯穿。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，两个或多个凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)连续地部置。
8.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述凹陷(4，5，6，7，8，9，10)至少局部凸起地构成。
9.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的壁是单层的。
10.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的壁具有一个小于1mm的厚度。
11.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的壁由两个半壳组成。
12.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)的壁由一个薄板卷成。
13.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的消声器，其特征在于，平行的矩形凹陷(9)构成一个用于一个中间壁的固定体。
CNB2005100045535A 2004-01-17 2005-01-17 用于具有内燃机的汽车的消声器 Expired - Fee Related CN100398788C (zh)

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DE202004000659U DE202004000659U1 (de) 2004-01-17 2004-01-17 Schalldämpfer für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotor

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CN102985194A (zh) * 2010-05-18 2013-03-20 田纳科有限责任公司 用于内燃机的排气消音器及其深冲压工具

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US20050155817A1 (en) 2005-07-21
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