CN1630703A - 乳化剂、尤其基于聚异丁烯胺的乳化剂 - Google Patents
乳化剂、尤其基于聚异丁烯胺的乳化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1630703A CN1630703A CNA028058224A CN02805822A CN1630703A CN 1630703 A CN1630703 A CN 1630703A CN A028058224 A CNA028058224 A CN A028058224A CN 02805822 A CN02805822 A CN 02805822A CN 1630703 A CN1630703 A CN 1630703A
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- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及化合物、尤其基于聚异丁烯胺的化合物,这些化合物适合作为油包水型乳液的乳化剂。本发明还涉及制备所述化合物的方法和涉及这些化合物主要作为燃料和润滑剂的添加剂的用途。该新型化合物是通式(I)的化合物,其中R1是未取代的或被C1-C12烷基取代的C1-C8-亚烷基或C2-C8-亚链烯基,R2是线性或支化C8-C350-烷基或C8-C350-链烯基,R3和R4彼此独立地各自是H、甲基或乙基,R3和R4一起具有不超过2个碳原子,R5是H、M+、SO3H、SO3 -M+、OPO3H、OPO3 -M+或C(O)R7,M+是NH4 +、碱金属离子或0.5碱土金属离子,R7是被至少一个亲水基取代的线性C2-C10-烃基,y和z彼此独立地各自是0-50的整数,和如果y是0,则R5是H,如果z是0,则R6是H。
Description
本发明涉及化合物、尤其基于聚异丁烯胺的化合物,它们适合作为油包水型乳液的乳化剂,涉及此类化合物的制备方法和乳液本身。
本发明还涉及此类化合物作为燃料和润滑剂的添加剂和作为在含水液体中的腐蚀抑制添加剂的用途,以及涉及含有该新型化合物的燃料、润滑剂、燃料添加剂浓缩物和润滑添加剂浓缩物和含水液体。
具有乳化性质的各种类型的化合物已公开在现有技术中。尤其,聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酸酐的衍生物用于各种应用中。
例如,US-A 4,225,447描述了用作润滑剂并含有聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酸酐、聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酸的碱金属(碱土金属)盐或聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酰胺作为乳化剂的一种油包水型乳化液。
GB-A 2,157,744公开了钻井液,它同时含有乳化剂,即多羧酸和聚乙二醇的接枝或嵌段共聚物,和表面活性剂。所使用的表面活性剂是从聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酸酐和多元醇、多胺、羟基羧酸或氨基醇制得的化合物。
EP-A 0 156 572描述了以聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酸衍生物为基础的阴离子表面活性物质用于制备油包水型或水包油型乳液的用途。
于2000年1月25日申请的申请号为100 03 105.6的BASF AG的德国专利申请描述了烷氧基化聚异丁烯作为燃料包水型乳液中的乳化剂的用途。这些烷氧基化聚异丁烯可以由通式R-(CH2)n-(O-A)m-OH来描述。这里,R是具有300-2300、优选500-2000的重均分子量的聚异丁烯。A是具有2-8个碳原子的亚烷基。m是1-200的数,它经过选择使得烷氧基化聚异丁烯含有0.2-1.5个烯化氧单元,优选0.5个烯化氧单元,以每个C4单元计;n是0和1。
2000年7月28日申请的申请号为100 36 956.1的BASF AG的德国专利申请尤其描述了通式R1R2NR3的酰胺作为油包水型乳液中的乳化剂的用途,其中R3是单羧酸或多羧酸的酰基,R1尤其是衍生自聚1-丁烯、聚2-丁烯或异丁烯或它们的混合物,R2可以是多亚烷基多胺或多亚烷基亚胺基团。
除乳化剂之外,燃料和润滑剂的减摩擦剂也公开于现有技术中。
因此,US5,858,029描述了燃料和润滑剂的减摩擦剂,尤其是通式R1(-O(R2)-)aNH(CO)-R3-OH的化合物,其中R1是C1-至C60-烷基,R2是C1-至C4-亚烷基,a是1-12的整数,R3是C1-至C4-亚烷基或取代的亚烷基或亚环烷基,该化合物用作减摩擦剂。另外,聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酰亚胺可以作为分散剂存在,聚链烯胺类如聚异丁烯胺类可以作为表面活性剂存在。
在现有技术中公开的上述化合物具有就制备和/或产品性能而言的各种缺点。对于一些化合物,该合成会生成不同收率的副产物,除非它们被除去,否则使得更加难以获得该乳化剂的恒定粘度。缺点也可以存在于乳液的制备中:该乳液的稳定性常常不足,所以在储存期间发生相分离。因此,为了形成稳定的乳液,所使用的乳化剂必须以高浓度使用。
因此需要可以用作乳化剂且不具有此类缺点的化合物。尤其在燃料包水型乳液的领域中,需要这样的乳化剂,它们能形成较稳定的乳液和另外允许尽可能完全的燃料燃烧和基本上不含残渣。
本发明的目的是提供可以用作水包油型和油包水型乳液中的乳化剂的其它化合物。
我们已经发现这一目的可通过通式I的化合物来实现,
其中R1是未取代的或被C1-C12烷基取代的C1-C8-亚烷基或C2-C8-亚链烯基,
R2是线性或支化C8-C350-烷基或C8-C350-链烯基,
R3和R4彼此独立地各自是H、甲基或乙基,和R3和R4一起具有不超过2个碳原子,
R5和R6彼此独立地各自是H、M+、SO3H、SO3 -M+、OPO3H、OPO3 -M+或C(O)R7,
M+是NH4 +、碱金属离子或0.5碱土金属离子,
R7是被至少一个亲水基取代的线性C2-C10-烃基,和
y和z彼此独立地各自是0-50的整数,和
如果y是0,则R5是H,和如果z是0,则R6是H。
该新型化合物(I)可以用作油包水型乳液中的乳化剂。为了生产稳定的乳液而一般需要比使用普通乳化剂时更低浓度的这一事实是一个优点。如果该新型化合物用于水包油型乳液,则在超声波的作用下可以产生稳定的泡。
该新型化合物也可以以各种方式使用,例如作为燃料和润滑剂中的添加剂,作为含水液体中的腐蚀抑制剂和作为颜料如TiO2的分散剂。
本发明还涉及化合物(1)的制备方法。这些方法以图解法示于图1中。
图1:其中R5=R6=H的化合物(I)的制备方法。
二羧酸HO2C-R1-CO2H与胺R2-NH2(图1,反应阶段a1)进行酰胺化得到双酰胺(II)的合适反应条件是所属技术领域专业人员已知的,或可以通过几个预备试验来确定。
该二羧酸酸和胺可以在有机溶剂中和在没有溶剂的情况下彼此反应。合适的有机溶剂是例如Shell的Solvesso150和异十二烷。
在本方法的优选实施方案中,该反应是在减压下例如在5-50毫巴下进行,所形成的水在反应过程中被连续蒸出。所形成的双酰胺(II)在进一步反应之前一般不是必须进行提纯。
如此获得的双酰胺(II)然后通过所属技术领域专业人员已知的方法与烯化氧(III)反应,得到通式I的醇,其中R5和R6各自是H(图1,反应步骤a2)。该反应一般是在普通的碱性催化剂如KOH、NaOH、NaOMe、KtBuO、Ca(OH)2或CaO,或载体催化剂如沸石的存在下进行。
亲水基可以被引入到如此可获得的该新型化合物(I)中,其中R5和R6各自是H。例如,其中R5和R6各自是H的该新型化合物(I)可以用SO3硫酸化而得到硫酸酯((I),其中R5=R6=SO3H),与P4O10反应得到磷酸酯((I),其中R5=R6=OPO3H)或与化合物HO2C-R7反应得到酯((I),其中R5=R6=C(O)R7),这些反应是通过标准方法来进行,这些方法例如描述在Falbe(编者),Surfactants in consumer products 1986,Springer VerlagBerlin,54页起等等,在1999年10月19日的申请号60 160 212的US专利申请中和在申请号PCT/EP100/09923的PCT申请中。
通过添加NH3或合适的碱金属(碱土金属)盐,如碱金属(碱土金属)氢氧化物,其中R5=R6=SO3 -M+的相应硫酸盐(I),或其中R5=R6=OPO3M+(M+是NH4 +、碱金属离子或0.5碱土金属离子)的磷酸盐(I),可以分别从硫酸酯和磷酸酯制备。
另外(图1,反应步骤b1、b2和b3),其中R5和R6各自是H的化合物(I)可以通过首先让胺R2-NH2与烯化氧(III)反应得到通式IV的醇来制备。二羧酸酸HO2C-R1-CO2H然后与该醇(IV)反应,通常在与用于二羧酸HO2C-R1-CO2H与胺R2-NH2反应中相同的反应条件下进行。所得的其中R5=R6=H的通式V的双酰胺可以与烯化氧III反应,得到其中R5和R6各自是H的化合物(I)。亲水基也可以直接地引入到其中R5=R6=H的通式V的双酰胺中,如在前面的部分中所述。
使用二羧酸HO2C-R1-CO2H,其中R1是C1-C8-亚烷基或C2-C8-亚链烯基并且是未取代的或被C1-C12-烷基取代。在本发明中,术语亚链烯基也包括多不饱和的二价烃基R1。
合适的二羧酸是例如丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸和癸二酸,它们可以在任何希望的位置上携带C1-C12-烷基。优选使用未取代的二羧酸。在这些之中,优选使用琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸或辛二酸,特别优选琥珀酸、戊二酸或己二酸。
通常,其中R2是线性或支化C8-C350-烷基或C8-C350-链烯基的胺R2-NH2适合于制备其中R5和R6各自是H的化合物(I)。在这里,链烯基还包括多不饱和的烃基R2。
其中R2是C22-C350-聚异丁烯基的胺R2-NH2是优选使用的。
其中R2是C22-C350-聚异丁烯基的聚异丁烯胺R2-NH2是通过标准方法从相应的聚异丁烯制备的,这些方法例如描述在DE-A 196 20 262,EP-A 0 244616和WO-A 97/03946中。氨基的量可以通过用HCl滴定来测定并然后换算成mg KOH/每g物质。对于以每单位重量的物质计的氨基的量则是胺值。通常,具有300-5000、优选500-2300、特别优选500-1000的数均分子量的聚异丁烯被用于聚异丁烯胺的制备。
在数均分子量在该范围内的聚异丁烯类当中,具有高的乙叉基基团含量的那些是优选使用的。在本发明的上下文中,这被理解为指≥70摩尔%、优选≥80摩尔%、特别优选≥85摩尔%的乙叉基基团。
具有在上述范围内的数均分子量、高的乙叉基基团含量和均匀的聚合物骨架结构的那些聚异丁烯是特别优选使用的。具有均匀的聚合物骨架结构的聚异丁烯的例子是由至少85重量%、优选至少90重量%、特别优选至少95重量%的异丁烯单元组成的那些聚异丁烯。
具有在该范围内的数均分子量、高的乙叉基基团含量和均匀的骨架结构的聚异丁烯另外可以具有≤2.5、优选≤2.0的多分散性。多分散性被理解为指重均分子量Mw和数均分子量Mn之比Mw/Mn。多分散性是聚合物的分子量分布的量度。
具有在该范围内的数均分子量并且基本上由异丁烯单元组成且具有高的乙叉基基团含量的聚异丁烯例如可以以商品名Glissopal从BASF AG获得,如Mn为1000的Glissopal1000,Mn为550的GlissopalV和Mn为2300Glissopal2300。
市场上可买到的聚异丁烯胺的例子是以商品名KerocomPIBA从BASF AG获得的化合物。
合适的烯化氧(III)的例子是环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、1-环氧丁烷和2-环氧丁烷。环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷是优选使用的。
其中R7是被至少一个亲水基取代的线性C2-C10-烃基的化合物用于R7-CO2H。术语C2-C10-烃基包括C2-C10-烷基、C2-C10-链烯基和C7-C10-烷基芳基。术语亲水基还包括带正电或带负电的基团,术语链烯基包括单不饱和的和多不饱和的烃基。亲水基的例子是-NH2、-NH3 +、-NR3 +(其中R是C1-C6-烷基)、-CO2H、-CO2 -、OPO3H和OPO3 -。其中R7对应于n=1-4的通式VI化合物优选用于R7-CO2H。R7-CO2H对应于例如在分子中具有至少一个附加羧基的氨基酸类。特别优选使用天冬氨酸(n=1)和谷氨酸(n=2)。
除L-氨基酸之外,还可以使用相应的D-氨基酸或它们的混合物,如D-和L-氨基酸的外消旋物。
该新型化合物(I)能在油包水型乳液的制备中用作乳化剂。本发明还涉及该化合物的用途。有必要提纯这些化合物和它们的中间体,例如当这些化合物在化妆品或药物领域中用作油包水型乳液的乳化剂时。
该新型油包水型乳液通常含有95-60重量%的油、3-35重量%的水和0.2-10重量%的通式I的新型化合物。
对于其中由植物、动物或合成油或脂肪形成油相的油包水型乳液,可以使用通式I的新型化合物。其中R5和R6各自是H的通式I的化合物是优选使用的。该油包水型乳液用于例如化妆品或药物领域中。
植物、动物或合成的油或脂肪的例子是月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的三酸甘油酯和二醇酯(乙醇酸的酯)。
通式I的化合物也用于其中由燃料或轻质或重质加热油构成油相的油包水型乳液。其中R5和R6不是H的通式I的化合物是优选使用的,和其中R5和R6各自是SO3H、SO3 -M+或C(O)R7的通式I的化合物是特别优选使用的。全部普通燃料都可以使用,例如柴油机燃料、汽油燃料和煤油。柴油机燃料是优选使用的。
新型燃料包水型的乳液也可含有一种或多种C1-C4-醇和/或乙二醇,尤其是乙二醇。所使用的C1-C4-醇和/或乙二醇的量是5-50重量%,基于水的量计。例如,通过添加一种或多种C1-C4-醇和/或乙二醇,保持乳液稳定的温度范围可以变宽。
该新型的燃料包水型乳液在燃烧过程中具有高稳定性和良好的效率。还可以获得良好的废气值,烟灰和NOx的散发量显著减少,尤其在柴油发动机中。可以实现大体上完全的和无残渣的燃烧,且在燃烧装置的零件例如注射管嘴、活塞、环形槽、阀门和气缸盖上没有沉积。
除了上述成分之外,根据本发明的燃料包水型乳液可具有附加的组分。这些是例如附加的乳化剂,如十二烷基硫酸钠,季铵盐例如硝酸铵,烷基糖苷,卵磷脂,聚乙二醇醚和酯,单油酸失水山梨糖醇酯,硬脂酸酯和蓖麻醇酸酯,C13-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物和烷基酚乙氧基化物,以及环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,如从BASF AG获得的Pluronic级别。单油酸失水山梨糖醇酯、C13-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物和烷基酚乙氧基化物,例如辛基-和壬基苯酚乙氧基化物,优选用作附加的乳化剂。
一种或多种上述附加乳化剂与新型乳化剂一起的结合物优选用于该新型的燃料包水型乳液。
如果使用这些附加乳化剂,则它们以基于总组合物计的0.5-5重量%、优选1-2.5重量%的量使用。选择这一附加乳化剂的量,使得乳化剂的总量,即新型乳化剂加上附加乳化剂,不会超过对于新型乳化剂单独所指的0.2-10重量%的量。
对于新型油包水型乳液的制备,所选择的新型乳化剂与油、水和附加的、任选可用的组分混合,并以本身已知的方式乳化。例如,该乳化可以在转子混合器中,利用混合喷嘴或借助于超声波探头来进行。当使用在1998年12月8日的申请号198 56 604的BASF AG德国专利申请中公开的那一类型的混合喷嘴时,获得特别良好的结果。化妆品领域的油包水型乳液可以按照与燃料包水型乳液同样的方式来制备。
除了表面活性和乳化性能之外,该新型化合物(I)还具有改进润滑性和抑制腐蚀的作用。而且,它们改进液体的耐磨性能。该新型化合物(I)因此被用作润滑剂、燃料和含水液体的添加剂,如散热器用液或钻井液和切削液。这一应用同样构成了本发明的主题。
该新型化合物(I)可以直接与其它组分一起被添加到燃料和润滑剂中。或者,该新型化合物(I)可以首先与其它组分混合以得到燃料或润滑添加剂浓缩物。这些新型燃料或润滑添加剂浓缩物可以以未稀释的形式或在用一种或多种溶剂或载体油稀释之后被添加到燃料或润滑剂中。稀释形式的添加是优选的。
含有通式I新型化合物的燃料、润滑剂、燃料添加剂浓缩物和润滑添加剂浓缩物和含水液体同样构成本发明的主题并在下面更详细地解释。
除了普通的组分之外,该新型燃料一般还含有至少一种通式I的新型化合物,其含量是基于总量计的10-5000ppm,优选20-2000ppm。
新型润滑剂通常含有90-99.9重量%、优选95-99.5重量%的液态、半固态或固态润滑剂以及0.1-10重量%、优选0.5-5重量%的新型化合物(I),以总量为基础。
除了普通的组分之外,新型燃料添加剂浓缩物和润滑剂添加剂浓缩物还含有至少一种通式I的新型化合物,其含量是0.1-80重量%、尤其0.5-60重量%,以浓缩物总重量为基础计。
用于燃料或燃料添加剂浓缩物的普通组分是例如具有去垢作用的添加剂,如在2000年7月28日的申请号100 36 956.1的BASF AG的德国专利申请(14页起)中,在2000年1月25日的申请号100 03 105.6的BASF AG的德国专利申请中,和在申请号PCT/EP/01/00496的BASF AG的PCT专利申请中所述。其中所述的添加剂和其中描述的具有极性基团的附加燃料添加剂同样构成了本申请的一部分,因此引入这里供参考。
该新型燃料和燃料添加剂浓缩物也可含有燃料添加剂,如在例如欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 277 345,0 356 725,0 476 485,0 484 736,0 539 821,0 543225,0 548 617,0 561 214,0 567 810和0 568 873,德国专利申请DE-A 3942 860,43 09 074,43 09 271,43 13 088,44 12 489,0 44 25 834,195 25938,196 06 845,196 06 846,196 15 404,196 06 844,196 16 569,196 18270和196 14 349,和WO-A 96/03479中所述。
附加的普通组分是例如附加的腐蚀抑制剂,抗氧化剂,稳定剂,抗静电剂,有机金属化合物,抗磨剂,标记物和十六烷值增进剂,流动改进剂,生物杀伤剂,如戊二醛或乙二醛。该生物杀伤剂的用量通常是以基于浓缩物总重量计的0.01-3重量%。
附加腐蚀抑制剂的例子是以有机羧酸类的铵盐为基础的那些,该盐倾向于形成膜,或以非铁金属的腐蚀保护用的杂环芳族烃为基础的那些。
稳定剂的例子是基于胺,如对苯二胺、二环己基胺或它们的衍生物,或基于酚类,如2,4-二叔丁基苯酚或3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酸的那些。
有机金属化合物的例子是二茂铁或甲基环戊二烯基-锰三羰基。
十六烷值增进剂的例子是有机C2-C10-硝酸酯,如硝酸2-乙基己基酯,和用于水相的无机十六烷值增进剂,如硝酸铵。硝酸2-乙基己基酯和硝酸铵是优选使用的。该十六烷值增进剂的用量通常是基于浓缩物总重量计的0.05-5重量%。
用于新型燃料和润滑剂添加剂浓缩物的合适溶剂是脂族和芳族烃,如溶剂石脑油、异十二烷、Mihagol、燃料和润滑剂本身和载体油。
同样用于稀释燃料添加剂浓缩物和润滑剂添加剂浓缩物的载体油是例如矿物载体油(基油),尤其是粘度级Solvent Neutral(SN)100-500的那些,和以聚烯烃、(聚)酯、(烷基酚-引发的)聚醚或(脂族)(烷基酚-引发的)聚醚胺为基础的合成载体油,和以烷氧基化长链醇或酚类为基础的载体油。特别合适的合成载体油的例子是以聚烯烃为基础的那些,优选以聚异丁烯为基础和以聚α-烯烃为基础的那些,具有400-1800的数均分子量。聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯、聚氧化丁烯和它们的混合物也是合适的载体油。其它合适的载体油和载体油混合物描述在例如DE-A 38 38 918、DE-A 38 26 608、DE-A41 42 241、DE-A 43 09 074、US 4,877,416和EP-A 0 452 328中。
新型含水液体含有该新型化合物(I),如果需要的话与附加的普通腐蚀抑制剂相结合,通常是基于总量计的约1-10重量%。
下面的实施例用于说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:通式I化合物的制备
所制备化合物的组成示于表1中。所使用的聚异丁烯胺是从BASF AG.获得的KerocomPIBA。
化合物A1、A2、A3和A4的合成
将28g的己二酸加入到750g的聚异丁烯胺(Mn=1000,胺值=36)中,在200℃和减压下加热3小时。当水不再馏出时,如此获得的产品A1被冷却和过滤。
类似地通过聚异丁烯胺(Mn=550,胺值=36)与己二酸反应来制备A4。
类似地进行聚异丁烯胺(Mn=1000,胺值=36)与同系的二羧酸琥珀酸(产品A3)和戊二酸(产品A2)的反应。
(其中R2=聚异丁烯基)
化合物B1的合成
将282g(约130mmol)化合物A1和3.95g(35.2mmol)的KtBuO混合,在旋转蒸发器中在100℃和3毫巴下除去挥发性组分。将反应混合物最初投入到2L金属反应器中,然后用氮气吹扫三次,每次用5巴氮气。将该反应器的内容物加热至120℃,然后经过60分钟添加114g(2.59mol)的环氧乙烷,直至达到5巴的压力为止。继续搅拌,直至压力保持恒定为止。在冷却和降低反应器中的压力之后,获得了具有5.2%聚乙二醇结构部分的化合物B1。
化合物C1、C2和C3的合成
化合物B1、B2和B3通过使用具有7体积%SO3含量的SO3/空气混合物在连续工艺中硫酸化。该反应是在具有95cm长度和5cm内径的立式降膜反应器中于65℃下进行的。将约400g/h的化合物B1、B2或B3以在合适烃类如异十二烷、庚烷或Mihagol中的80重量%浓度溶液形式从上面计量加入到反应器中。加入到降膜式反应器中的SO3/空气混合物的量通过硫酸化产物的酸值来控制。该酸值是酸基团的量的量度,通过用KOH滴定来测定并由mg KOH/每g物质来表示。该酸值对于C1是22,对于C2是26,对于C3是41。该产物用25重量%浓度的NaOH水溶液在25℃下间歇地中和。
D1的合成
将500g的化合物B1溶于500mL的Mihagol中,添加48g的L-谷氨酸和在减压下于160-180℃下加热90分钟。
D2的合成
化合物B1与45g的L-天冬氨酸反应得到产物D2的过程是与D1的合成类似地进行。
表1.新型化合物的组成
批次 | R2-NH2的Mn | R1 | y+z(R3、R4=H;环氧乙烷) | R7-CO2H(氨基酸) | R5=R6 |
A1 | 1000 | (CH2)4 | - | - | H |
A2 | 1000 | (CH2)3 | - | - | H |
A3 | 1000 | (CH2)2 | - | - | H |
A4 | 550 | (CH2)4 | - | - | H |
B1 | 1000 | (CH2)4 | 15 | - | H |
B2 | 1000 | (CH2)2 | 10 | - | H |
B3 | 550 | (CH2)4 | 10 | - | H |
C1 | 1000 | (CH2)4 | 15 | - | SO3 -M+ |
C2 | 1000 | (CH2)2 | 10 | - | SO3 -M+ |
C3 | 550 | (CH2)4 | 10 | - | SO3 -M+ |
D1 | 1000 | (CH2)4 | 15 | L-谷氨酸 | C(O)R7 |
D2 | 1000 | (CH2)4 | 15 | L-天冬氨酸 | C(O)R7 |
D3 | 550 | (CH2)4 | 10 | L-谷氨酸 | C(O)R7 |
实施例2:燃料包水型乳液
在各情况下,制备乳化剂混合物在柴油机燃料中的1重量%浓度溶液,该乳化剂混合物是由6份的新型化合物(C1、C2、C3、D1、D2或D3)、2份的C13-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物(购自BASF AG的LutensolTO 7)和2份的烷基酚乙氧基化物(EmulanOP 25)组成。500g的这一混合物与100ml的水用Ultra-Turrax(Jannke and Kunkel实验室设备T25)在24000rpm下搅拌15分钟。
为了对比,使用6份的单油酸失水山梨糖醇酯(购自BASF AG的S-MAZ)代替该新型化合物。
表2
批次 | 乳化剂 | 在混合物中乳化剂的量 | 相分离开始的时间 | 腐蚀保护 |
1 | C1 | 1% | 26d | +0 |
2 | C2 | 1% | 28d | +0 |
3 | C3 | 1% | 30d | +0 |
4 | D1 | 1% | >30d | ++ |
5 | D2 | 1% | >30d | ++ |
6 | D3 | 1% | 29d | ++ |
对比1 | S-MAZ80 | 1% | 6h | -0 |
对比2 | S-MAZ80 | 2% | 19d | -0 |
表2中结果显示,新型化合物的燃料包水型乳液在贮存30天之后几乎没有显示相分离的任何迹象,而在对比例中在仅仅6小时之后就观察到相分离。即使当乳化剂的浓度从1%提高到2%时(基于柴油机燃料),在19天之后就观察到相分离(对比例2)。
实施例3:新型化合物作为腐蚀抑制添加剂的用途
20×40mm铁片用40μm玻璃珠粒进行喷砂打磨,然后与ASTM D-665类似地浸泡于在实施例1中制备的乳液中并在40±1℃下贮存24小时。在24小时后,考察该铁片的锈蚀形成状况。在这里,各符号的意义如下:
++ 没有锈蚀形成;
+0 轻微的生锈沉积物;
-0 在试片的25%以上的面积中有锈蚀形成;
-- 在试片的50%以上的面积中有锈蚀形成。
在表2中的结果显示,对于新型化合物用作腐蚀抑制添加剂的情况,观察到仅仅轻微的生锈沉积。相反,对于使用单油酸失水山梨糖醇酯(对比例1和2),则在试片的25%以上的面积中发生了锈蚀形成。
实施例4:新型化合物在燃料中的使用和它们的耐磨性能
新型化合物B3、C1、D1和D2各自分别溶解在无添加剂的柴油机燃料(Miro,Karlsruhe)中。在柴油机燃料中,添加剂的浓度是75ppm。耐磨性能的评价是通过HFRR试验(高频率辊的台架试验)来进行,这根据ISO12156-1来进行。测量所形成的划痕的长度并用作磨损的量度。该划痕越短,所引入的添加剂的磨擦保护性越好。
表3
添加剂 | 划痕长度[μm] |
无添加剂 | 595 |
化合物B3 | 440 |
化合物C1 | 370 |
化合物D1 | 365 |
化合物D2 | 390 |
C16-至C22-羧酸混合物(购自Elf的PC30) | 420 |
为了对比,观察使用无添加剂的柴油机燃料时和使用已添加了C16-至C22-羧酸混合物的柴油机燃料时的划痕形成状况。
Claims (14)
1.通式I的化合物
其中R1是未取代的或被C1-C12-烷基取代的C1-C8-亚烷基或C2-C8-亚链烯基,优选未取代的C2-C4-亚烷基,
R2是线性或支化C8-C350-烷基或C8-C350-链烯基,优选C22-C350-聚异丁烯基,
R3和R4彼此独立地各自是H、甲基或乙基,R3和R4一起具有不超过2个碳原子,
R5和R6彼此独立地各自是H、M+、SO3H、SO3 -M+、OPO3H、OPO3 -M+或C(O)R7,
M+是NH4 +、碱金属离子或0.5碱土金属离子,
R7是被至少一个亲水基取代的线性C2-C10-烃基,和
y和z彼此独立地各自是0-50的整数,和
如果y是0,则R5是H,和如果z是0,则R6是H。
2.根据权利要求1所要求的化合物,其中R2是具有300-5000、优选500-2300、特别优选500-1000的数均分子量的聚异丁烯基。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项所要求的化合物、优选其中R5和R6各自是H的化合物作为制备油包水型乳液中的乳化剂的用途,该油是植物、动物或合成的油或脂肪。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项所要求的化合物、优选其中R5和R6不是H的化合物作为在制备燃料包水型乳液中的燃料的乳化剂的用途。
10.燃料包水型乳液,它从根据权利要求9的用途所获得并含有60-95重量%的燃料、优选柴油机燃料,3-35重量%的水和作为乳化剂的0.2-10重量%、优选0.5-5重量%的根据权利要求1-3中任何一项所要求的新型化合物、优选其中R5和R6不是H的化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所要求的乳液,其中除了新型化合物之外,还存在一种或多种附加乳化剂,优选单油酸失水山梨糖醇酯、C13-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物或烷基酚乙氧基化物。
12.根据权利要求10或11所要求的乳液的制备方法,其中各组分彼此混合在一起并按照本身已知的方式、优选在混合喷嘴中被乳化。
13.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项所要求的化合物作为在燃料、润滑剂、燃料添加剂浓缩物和润滑剂添加剂浓缩物中的表面活性剂、抗磨剂或润滑性改进或腐蚀抑制添加剂、或作为在含水液体中的腐蚀抑制添加剂的用途。
14.燃料、润滑剂、燃料添加剂浓缩物、润滑剂添加剂浓缩物或含水液体,从权利要求13中的用途获得并含有根据权利要求1-3中任何一项的至少一种化合物。
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DE10109845A DE10109845A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | Emulgatoren, insbesondere auf Basis von Polyisobutylenaminen |
DE10109845.6 | 2001-03-01 |
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EP (1) | EP1390453A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1630703A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002247747A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2439308A1 (zh) |
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CN101959905B (zh) * | 2008-02-01 | 2013-03-06 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 特定的聚异丁烯胺以及它们在燃料中作为洗涤剂的用途 |
CN112391190A (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-23 | 西南石油大学 | Co2/n2开关型双循环萃取工艺及其应用 |
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WO2003083018A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Cam Tecnologie S.P.A. | Method for reducing emission of pollutants from an internal combustion engine, and fuel emulsion comprising water and a liquid hydrocarbon |
EA011589B1 (ru) * | 2004-02-13 | 2009-04-28 | Тотал Петрокемикалс Рисерч Фелюй | Введение добавок в порошки полимеров |
DE102005015634A1 (de) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-12 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Polyisobuten enthaltenden Copolymerisaten in Wasch-, Dusch- und Badepräparaten |
US20070213238A1 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-13 | Sigworth William D | Lubricant composition for cellulosic-thermoplastic composite |
CA2796574C (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2016-12-06 | Basf Se | Emulsions of polyisobutenes, substance and process |
US20140357537A1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Branched Emulsifier for High-Temperature Acidizing |
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NL97240C (zh) * | 1954-09-21 | |||
US3946074A (en) * | 1970-10-05 | 1976-03-23 | Akzona Incorporated | Plant growth regulatory agents and process |
US4225447A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1980-09-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Emulsifiable lubricant compositions |
DE3135832A1 (de) * | 1981-09-10 | 1983-03-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Bisamide, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
DE19505368A1 (de) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-22 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Amphiphile Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei hydrophilen und mindestens zwei hydrophoben Gruppen auf der Basis von Dicarbonsäurediamiden |
JPH10175935A (ja) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-30 | Lion Corp | アミド−またはエステル−またはアルコキシ−アルカン酸およびそれらの塩の製造方法 |
US5858029A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1999-01-12 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Friction reducing additives for fuels and lubricants |
AU9449198A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-27 | Reckitt & Colman France | Detergent composition |
JPH11246499A (ja) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-14 | Kanebo Ltd | 新規アミド化合物 |
DE19943668A1 (de) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Rwe Dea Ag | Tensidzusammensetzung enthaltend Geminitenside und Co-Amphiphile, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
JP2001172669A (ja) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-26 | Lion Corp | 洗浄剤組成物 |
JP2001254095A (ja) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-18 | Lion Corp | 洗浄剤組成物 |
JP2002063792A (ja) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体メモリおよびその制御方法 |
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2001
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- 2002-02-28 CN CNA028058224A patent/CN1630703A/zh active Pending
- 2002-02-28 AU AU2002247747A patent/AU2002247747A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-28 WO PCT/EP2002/002197 patent/WO2002070633A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-28 EP EP02716818A patent/EP1390453A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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CN101959905B (zh) * | 2008-02-01 | 2013-03-06 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 特定的聚异丁烯胺以及它们在燃料中作为洗涤剂的用途 |
CN112391190A (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-23 | 西南石油大学 | Co2/n2开关型双循环萃取工艺及其应用 |
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AU2002247747A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
MXPA03007384A (es) | 2003-12-04 |
US20040092412A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
DE10109845A1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
CA2439308A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
EP1390453A2 (de) | 2004-02-25 |
WO2002070633A2 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
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