CN1625034B - 同步整流型开关调节控制电路 - Google Patents

同步整流型开关调节控制电路 Download PDF

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CN1625034B
CN1625034B CN200410103877XA CN200410103877A CN1625034B CN 1625034 B CN1625034 B CN 1625034B CN 200410103877X A CN200410103877X A CN 200410103877XA CN 200410103877 A CN200410103877 A CN 200410103877A CN 1625034 B CN1625034 B CN 1625034B
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switching regulator
regulator control
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CN1625034A (zh
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金久保圭秀
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Ablic Inc
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Seiko Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/901—Starting circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种同步整流型开关调节控制电路，甚至当接通电源时的软启动期间的输入和输出电压之差很小时，也能提供稳定的电源。在接通电源时的软启动期间，在能量确实保持在线圈中之后，通过提供输出到具有占空限制的同步整流电路的脉冲来完成开关操作。

Description

同步整流型开关调节控制电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括软启动电路的开关调节控制电路，并且特别涉及一种开关调节控制电路，该电路通过在接通电源时限制其内部振荡频率的占空，能够在接通电源启动时提供稳定的电源，同时没有在接通电源时输出电容器的放电电荷，还涉及一种受开关调节控制电路控制的开关调节器。
背景技术
一种开关调节控制电路完成振荡运行，直到输出电压达到期望电压，如图3中的电路图所示，其不受接通电源时的振荡频率的占空限制。这些作为包括软启动电路的传统的同步整流型开关调节控制电路已经公知。
以下，将参照图3来描述包括软启动电路的传统的同步整流型开关调节控制电路。首先，检测电压电平Vout。由分亚电阻(divisional resistors)100和101的电阻划分而产生的电压电平Va与参考电压电路106输出的电压电平Vref之差被误差放大电路106放大，并从此作为电压电平Verr输出。接着，该输出电压电平Verr与振荡电路104输出的三角波Vosc经比较电路103而相互比较，并由此输出电压电平Vcomp。响应于电压电平Vcomp，控制外部开关的脉冲PDRV和NDRV从同步整流电路105输出，以至于端电压Vout成为期望的恒定输出电压。控制外部开关的脉冲PDRV和NDRV在内部振荡频率Vosc下产生，并通过改变其中的占空比来控制，以至于端电压Vout变成期望的恒定输出电压。
作为一个迄今已公知的软启动方法的特例，这里有一种使用外部电容器来完成软启动的方法(例如，见JP 08-317637A(第2页))。当接通电源时，外部软启动电容器108经软启动电路107的恒定电流充电。因此，外部软启动电容器108的电位在接通电源时逐渐升高。此外，参考电压电路106输出的电压电平Vref在接通电源时与外部软启动电容器108的电容量的升高成比例地逐渐升高。结果，以包括软启动电路的传统的同步整流型开关调节控制电路为例，当参考电压电路106输出的电压电平Vref在接通电源时逐渐升高时，每一脉冲PDRV和NDRV的占空从0％的占空逐渐增加，因此端电压Vout在接通电源时逐渐升高。因而，电源可以被接通而不会引起冲击电流在输入电源和输出电压逐渐升高。因而，电源可以被接通而不会引起冲击电流在输入电源和输出电压端之间流动，，因此能够容易地得到稳定的电源而在输入电源上没有负载。
然而，在包括软启动电路的传统的同步整流型开关调节控制电路中，当接通电源时电荷聚集到与输出电容器相同的程度时，存在输入电压和输出电压之差很小的情形。这里，假定输入和输出电压之差很小，并且占空持续很低。在这种情况下，尽管连接在输入端和线圈之间的开关响应于脉冲PDRV而被接通，也不会出现电流流入连接在输入端和输出端之间的线圈的情况。因此，当连接在线圈和VSS端的开关响应于下一时间的脉冲NDRV而被接通时，由于电流不从输入端和输出端之间流过，电流通过线圈在输出端和VSS端之间流过。因而，问题在于为输出而聚集的电荷流入VSS端。
发明内容
为了解决这些传统问题，本发明的目的是在接通电源时限制最小的占空(MIN duty)。也就是，甚至当接通电源时电荷聚集到输出电容器中并因而输入和输出电压之差很小时，脉冲PDRV成为接通开关的电平的周期被设定到确保电流流入连接在输入端和输出端之间的线圈。因此，甚至当连接在线圈和VSS端之间的开关响应于下一时间的脉冲NDRV而被接通时，因为能量被保持在线圈中，电源被接通时没有释放输出的电荷。更准确地说，下列被提供：
(1)一种同步整流型开关调节控制电路，包括：包含软启动电路的电路部分；振荡器；第一比较电路；以及同步整流电路，第一比较电路将电路部分的输出信号与振荡器的输出信号进行比较，并基于该比较而输出具有有限脉冲宽度的输出脉冲，并且同步整流电路响应于输出脉冲而提供驱动信号来驱动开关元件，其中当输出脉冲的占空比在接通电源后达到预定的占空比时，输出脉冲输出到同步整流电路。
(2)同步整流型开关调节控制电路进一步包括：用于将电路部分的输出信号和参考电压进行比较的第二比较电路；以及基于第二比较电路的输出信号而将输出脉冲输出到同步整流电路的逻辑电路。当电路部分的输出信号的电压电平低于参考电压时，输出脉冲被阻止供给同步整流电路。
(3)然而与(2)不同的是，振荡器的输出信号以三角波的形式形成，其备限幅在预定的电压电平。
(4)半导体集成电路包括该同步整流型开关调节控制电路。
根据本发明，当接通电源时，占空不会从0％开始，而是从设定的最小占空(MIN duty)逐渐增加。因此，带来的效果是无论接通电源时的输出电压如何，都可完成稳定的电源供给。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1是一个解释性的示意图，其示出根据本发明实施例的包括软启动电路的同步整流型开关调节控制电路；
图2是一个解释性的图表，其示出如图1所示的包括软启动电路的同步整流型开关调节控制电路的运行情况；以及
图3是一个解释性的示意图，其示出包括软启动电路的传统的同步整流型开关调节控制电路。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，当接通电源时，占空不会从0％开始，而是从一设定的最小占空(MIN duty)逐渐增加。以下，将参照实施例明确地描述本发明。
以下，参照附图来描述本发明。图1是一个内部电路图，其示出根据本发明实施例的包括软启动电路的同步整流型开关调节控制电路。
振荡电路3输出的Vosc信号和误差放大电路输出的Verr信号被输入比较电路1，并且控制外部开关的控制信号作为比较电路1的Vcomp信号输出.这里，在如图3所示的传统的示例中，软启动电路107、参考电压电路106、划分输出电压的分压电阻(divisional resistors)100和101，以及误差放大电路102组成了电路部分。电路部分的误差放大电路102的输出信号可以作为Verr信号使用。通过比较电路2将Verr信号和参考电压Vref2进行相互比较。接通电源时的最小占空根据通过NAND电路7、AND电路5和同步整流电路6的Verr信号和软启动信号Soft_s的波形而受到限制。
下面，将参照图2详细描述本发明的同步整流型开关调节控制电路的运行。在图2中，通过比较电路1将振荡电路3输出的三角波(Vosc信号)和误差放大电路输出的Verr信号进行相互比较。比较电路1输出的波形成为Vcomp信号。Verr信号从接通电源的时间起逐渐增强。因此，从图2中显而易见，Vcomp信号的波形从为低的状态变为小占空输出态，接着变为大占空输出态。尽管可以通过比较电路2将参考电压Vref2和Verr信号进行相互比较，Verr信号的电平在接通电源时不会达到参考电压Vref2直到Verr信号增加到三角波的中间值。结果，ERRcomp信号一直为高(HI)电平，直到Verr信号的电平达到参考电压Vref2。在接通电源时软启动信号Soft_s为高(HI)电平。因而，NAND电路7输出低电平信号。接着，AND电路5的Vcomp2信号变为低电平。
接着，当Verr信号增强并达到参考电压Vref2时，ERRcomp信号变为低电平，以至于NAND电路7输出高电平信号。接着，Vcomp2信号与Vcomp信号变成相同的波形，由此完成正常的操作。尽管图2中未示出，软启动信号Soft_s在完成软启动周期后变为低电平。因此，甚至当Verr信号的电平在完成软启动周期后变得与参考电压Vref2相等或比它更小时，Vcomp2信号也具有与Vcomp信号相同的波形。结果，通过将Vcomp2信号从0％的占空变为最大(MAX)占空来完成正常操作以便输出期望的恒定电压作为输出电压。
也就是，除非Verr信号在接通电源时的软启动周期内没有达到三角波的电平，否则不会输出三角波。因此，显而易见的是，最小占空在接通电源时受到限制。同样显而易见的是，在软启动周期后完成占空比不受限制的正常操作。
在本发明的实施例中，设定了参考电压，占空的值(量值)由设定的参考电压的比较来确定，并且最小占空基于该确定值而受到限制。为了在最小占空不输出Vcomp信号，不设定参考电压时，通过阻止三角波的较低部分形成凸状来完成该限制是可能的。甚至当使用另一逻辑电路配置时，也能明显地获得与本发明相同的效果。因此，本发明不局限于图1中所示的电路配置。

Claims (2)

1.一种同步整流型开关调节控制电路，包括：包含软启动电路的电路部分；振荡器；第一比较电路；以及同步整流电路，所述第一比较电路将所述电路部分的输出信号与所述振荡器的输出信号进行比较，并基于该比较而输出具有有限脉冲宽度的输出脉冲，并且所述同步整流电路响应于所述输出脉冲而输出驱动信号来驱动开关元件；
用于将所述电路部分的所述输出信号和参考电压进行比较的第二比较电路；以及接收所述第二比较电路的输出信号和软启动信号的逻辑电路，
其中，当所述电路部分的所述输出信号的电压在软启动周期内低于所述参考电压时，所述逻辑电路阻止所述输出脉冲输出到所述同步整流电路。
2.根据权利要求1的同步整流型开关调节控制电路，其中，所述参考电压在所述振荡器的所述输出信号的最大和最小电压的范围之间。
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CN1625034A (zh) 2005-06-08
JP2005151689A (ja) 2005-06-09
HK1079349A1 (en) 2006-03-31
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US7535206B2 (en) 2009-05-19

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