CN1612725A - 可注射的长效组合物 - Google Patents
可注射的长效组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1612725A CN1612725A CNA028267974A CN02826797A CN1612725A CN 1612725 A CN1612725 A CN 1612725A CN A028267974 A CNA028267974 A CN A028267974A CN 02826797 A CN02826797 A CN 02826797A CN 1612725 A CN1612725 A CN 1612725A
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Abstract
提供了一种凝胶组合物,当注射入受试者时这种凝胶组合物可用作有益剂的载体并可使所述有益剂在一定时间内持续释放。特别地,描述了凝胶组合物含有可提供组合物触变性以便以对受试者最小的不适将凝胶注射入受试者的试剂。
Description
相关专利申请的相互参照
此专利申请要求2001年11月14日提交的美国临时专利申请号60/336,254的权益。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明一般涉及的凝胶组合物在注射到受试者体内时可用作有益剂的载体,且可提供在一定时间内持续释放有益剂。更特别的是,本发明涉及如上所述的凝胶组合物含有给予组合物触变性的试剂便于以对受试者最小的不适将凝胶注射入受试者体内。
相关领域的描述
生物可降解的聚合物在医学应用中使用多年。大多数生物可降解的聚合物基于乙交酯、丙交酯、己内酯以及它们的共聚物。最近十年,人们主要把重点放在可注射的聚合组合物的应用,这些组合物可提供一种有益剂的缓释制剂以在一段时间内给予受试者。
避免切口的一种方法需要将药物输递系统作为小颗粒、微球体或微胶囊注射植入。例如,美国专利5,019,400描述了通过非常低温度的铸造过程制备控制释放微球体。这些物质可以含或不含能释放入体内的药物。尽管可用注射器将这些物质注射到体内,但它们不一定总是能满足对生物可降解的植入物的要求。
由于实质上是颗粒,它们不形成具有某些修复术所需的结构完整性的连续薄膜或固体植入物。当插入一些有很多液体流动的体腔,如口、牙周袋、眼或阴道时,这些小的颗粒、微球体或微胶囊由于其尺寸小和不连续的特性很难保留。此外,这些颗粒有聚集的倾向因此难以预测它们的行为。此外,用这些聚合物制备的并含有要释放到体内的药物的微球体或微胶囊有时难以大规模生产,而且它们的储存和注射特性也存在问题。此外,微胶囊或小颗粒系统的一个主要限制是其缺乏没有外科介入的可逆性。即,如果在注射后有并发症,将它们从身体中取出就比固体植入物困难得多。对微粒或微胶囊化更进一步的限制是难以包囊没有降解的基于蛋白质或DNA的药物,这是由于溶剂和极端温度造成的。
本领域开发了各种药物传递系统来相应上述挑战。例如,美国专利4,938,762及其分案申请美国专利5,278,201涉及一种生物可降解的聚合物,这种聚合物用于为动物提供可注射的、原位形成的、固态的生物可降解的植入物。在一个实施方案中,使用了一种热塑性系统,其中一种非反应性聚合物溶解于一种生物相容的溶剂以形成一种放置在动物体内的液体,溶剂在动物体内分散以产生固体植入物。或者,使用了一种热固系统,其中形成了一种有效量的液体丙烯酸酯封端、生物可降解的预聚物和一种硬化剂,将液体混合物置于动物体内,所述预聚物在这里硬化形成固体植入物。据称这种系统可提供可注射的、固态的生物可降解传递系统,方法是在注射到动物体内之前在所述液体中加入有效水平的生物活性剂。
发明简述
提供了一种凝胶组合物,当注射到受试者时这种凝胶组合物可用作有益剂的载体并可使所述有益剂在一定时间内持续释放。特别地,描述了一种凝胶组合物,所述凝胶组合物含有可提供组合物触变性以便以对受试者最小的不适将凝胶注射到受试者的试剂。
美国专利5,242,910描述了一种用于治疗牙周疾病的持续释放组合物。该组合物含有丙交酯和乙交酯的共聚物、三醋精(作为溶剂/增塑剂)和一种减轻口腔疾病的试剂。所述组合物可具有凝胶形式并可用针头或导管通过注射器将其插入牙周腔。作为其它的任选成分,所述组合物可含有表面活性剂、调味剂、粘度控制剂、络合剂、抗氧化剂、其它聚合物、树胶、蜡/油和着色剂。在一个实施例中列出的一种说明性的粘度控制剂是聚乙二醇400。美国专利5,620,700和5,556,905涉及用于可注射植入物的使用溶剂和/或增塑剂的聚合组合物。
现有技术的用于可注射植入物的聚合物组合物使用含水体液中非常或相对可溶的溶剂/或增塑剂以促进移植部位聚合物的迅速固化且促进药物从植入物扩散。然而,现已观察到当植入物被置于体中且暴露于含水体液时,与利用水溶性聚合物有关的严重问题是水迅速移入聚合组合物中。迅速的水吸收通常导致植入物具有大小和形状不均一的孔结构。一般,表面孔采用手指样的孔结构,从移植表面延伸三分之一毫米或更多到植入物中,这种手指样的孔在移植表面对使用环境敞开。内部孔趋于更小且使用环境中存在的流体更不易到达。水迅速吸收特性通常导致有益剂释放不受控制,由有益剂从聚合组合物的初始、迅速释放证明,对应于从植入物释放的有益剂“爆发”。爆发通常导致大部分有益剂,如果不是所有,在很短时间中释放,如几小时或1-2天。这种效果可能无法接受,特别在一些情况中,其中需要持续传递,即有益剂以控制方式传递超过1周的时间段或1个月或更多,或者其中治疗窗狭窄且过多有益剂的释放可导致对被治疗受试者的不利结果,或者其中需要在被治疗受试者体内模拟有益剂如激素等的天然产生的日分布。
试图控制爆发以及调节和稳定有益剂的传递,现有技术涂布了有益剂的颗粒以延缓其释放入含水环境且延长有益剂释放一定时间。或者,使用各种稳定调节剂或释放调节剂,如美国专利5,656,297、5,654,010、4,985,404和4,853,218中所述的金属盐。美国专利3,923,939描述了降低活性剂从传递装置最初爆发的方法,该方法是在植入之前除去传递装置外表面和通过从装置外表面延伸至少为身体总厚度5%一层的活性剂。
尽管取得了一些成功,但在通过移植物有效传递大量有益剂的那些方法无法完全令人满意,因为在多数情况下,调节和稳定效果是金属离子和有益剂形成络合物的结果。当未形成这种络合物时,这种稳定/调节效果就不足以防止的在将有益剂引入植入部位时不希望发生“爆发”。
美国专利6,130,200描述了可被注射到受试者的用于有益剂的粘性凝胶载体。使用粘性凝胶降低有益剂的最初爆发常见于可注射的长效制剂系统。尽管专利中描述的系统有很多优点,但在一些应用中,凝胶的粘度可能很高以产生相对高的注射力,这是将凝胶从注射器中分散所必需的。
国际专利申请WO 98/27962描述触变凝胶组合物的形成,组合物提供剪切稀化和凝胶的更能接受的可注射性,从而将凝胶从注射器中排出所需的注射力较低,同样受试者使用较小针感到很不适的可能性小于另外需要的情况。尽管上述系统提供了许多应用的合适的长效制剂系统,但所述系统使用了相对大量的乳化剂,如约组合物总重量的三分之一。发现在一些系统中,少量的某些化合物可与乳酸基聚合物以及用于聚合物的合适的溶剂混合,该聚合物可调节所形成凝胶的流动特性,且不会形成乳液但仍产生容易经针注射的触变组合物,针的规格是使用对受试者不是过度不舒服。同样,使用将触变性质赋予凝胶的,这种较小量的试剂可允许较小的长效制剂体积和质量而不减少所需量的有益剂传递超过延长时间段用于治疗效果。
发明概述
一方面,本发明包括一种组合物,所述组合物含有乳酸基聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量。低级烷醇是具有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链醇,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇等。优选的试剂是乙醇。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
又一方面,本发明包括一种组合物,所述组合物含有聚乳酸聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量。低级烷醇是具有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链醇,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇等。优选的试剂是乙醇。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。聚乳酸聚合物的重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000,优选约5,000到约50,000,更优选约8,000到约30,000。
再一方面,本发明包括一种组合物,所述组合物含有一种作为乳酸和乙醇酸共聚物的乳酸基聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量。低级烷醇是具有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链醇,例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇等。优选的试剂是乙醇。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和触变剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和触变剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。共聚物的重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000,优选约5,000到约50,000,更优选约8,000到约30,000。
另外一方面,发明包括局部或全身施用有益剂给受试者的方法,包括如上所述将组合物植入受试者体表下。优选的是,系统在受试者植入后最初24小时内释放40%或更少重量的粘性凝胶中存在的有益剂。更优选的是,30%或更少重量的有益剂在植入后最初24小时内释放,移植组合物的爆发指数为12或更小,优选8或更小。
另一方面,发明涉及可注射的长效组合物和施用上述组合物的方法,其中有益剂选自药物、蛋白质、酶、激素、多核苷酸、核蛋白、多糖、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、多肽、类固醇、镇痛药、局部麻醉剂、抗生素试剂、化学治疗剂、免疫抑制剂、消炎剂、抗增殖剂、抗有丝分裂剂、血管生成剂、抗凝剂、纤维蛋白溶解剂、生长因子、抗体、眼部药物和代谢物、类似物、衍生物、片段,以及纯化、分离、重组和化学合成的这些种类。在较佳实施方案中,有益剂是人生长激素、甲硫氨酸-人生长激素;des-苯丙氨酸人生长激素、α-、β-或γ-干扰素、红细胞生成素、glugacon、降钙素、肝素、白介素-1、白介素-2、因子VIII、因子IX、促黄体素、松弛素、促卵泡激素、心钠素、非格司亭表皮生长因子(EGFs)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGFs)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)、转化生长因子(TGFs)、白介素(ILs)、集落刺激因子(CSFs、MCFs、GCSFs、GMCSFs)、干扰素(IFNs)、内皮生长因子(VEGF、EGFs)、红细胞生成素(EPOs)、促血管生成素(ANGs)、胎盘衍生生长因子(PIGFs)和低氧诱导的转录调节物(HIFs)。有益剂优选以0.1到50%重量的聚合物组合量存在。在较佳实施方案中,有益剂是以粘性凝胶中分散或溶解的颗粒形式,其中有益剂的颗粒形式具有的平均粒径从0.1到250微米。在一些较佳实施方案中,有益剂是以颗粒形式,其中颗粒进一步包含的成分选自稳定剂、膨胀剂、螯合剂和缓冲剂。
附图概述
本发明的前述和其它目的、特征和优点通过下列结合附图的详细描述可更易理解,其中:
图1阐明与现有技术的组合物相比,本发明各种组合物的粘度和剪切速率的关系(制剂1-4)。
图2阐明与现有技术的组合物相比,本发明各种组合物的粘度和剪切速率的关系(制剂5-8)。
图3阐明从采用20号针头的注射器注射本发明的组合物(制剂1-4)所需的力和聚合物溶剂中乙醇的百分比之间的关系。
图4A和4B阐明从采用24号针头的注射器注射本发明的组合物(制剂9-16)所需的力和聚合物溶剂中乙醇的百分比之间的关系。
图5阐明获得自不同长效制剂的人生长激素的体内释放分布,包括本发明的制剂(制剂5-8)。
图6A和6B阐明获得自不同长效制剂的人生长激素的体内释放分布,包括本发明制剂(制剂9-16)。
图7显示了爆发指数曲线,该曲线描绘了在大鼠中观察到的人生长激素(“hGH”)从制剂5-8的释放;以及
图8显示了爆发指数曲线,该曲线描绘了在大鼠中观察到的人生长激素(“hGH”)从制剂6和7以及Neutropin长效制剂的释放。
发明详述
概述和定义:
本发明涉及凝胶组合物,与注射到受试者时这种凝胶组合物可用作有益剂的载体,并可使有益剂在一定时间内持续释放。特别地,本发明涉及如上所述的凝胶组合物含有给予组合物触变性便于以对受试者最小的不适将凝胶注射到受试者的试剂。
在描述和权利要求本发明中,根据下列定义使用以下术语。
单数形式“一个”、“一种”、“这种”包括复数,除非上下文明显另有规定。因此例如,“溶剂”包括单溶剂以及两种或多种不同溶剂的混合物,“有益剂”包括单有益剂以及两种或多种不同有益剂的混合物,“醇”包括单醇以及两种或多种不同醇的混合物,等等。
术语“有益剂”指施用给人或动物时影响所需有益效果的试剂,通常是药理效果,无论是单独或联合其它药物赋形剂或惰性成分。
如本文所用,术语“多核苷酸”指任何长度的核苷酸的多聚形式,核苷酸是核糖核苷酸或脱氧核糖核苷酸,包括双链和单链DNA和RNA。它也包括本领域已知的修饰、取代和核苷酸间修饰的已知类型。
如本文所用,术语“重组多核苷酸”指基因组、cDNA、半合成或合成来源的多核苷酸,根据其来源或操作:不与其天然相连的所有或部分多核苷酸相联;连接除了其天然相连的多核苷酸;或不天然产生。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”指氨基酸的聚合物,包括例如肽、寡肽、蛋白质和其衍生物、类似物和片段以及本领域已知的其它天然产生和非天然产生的修饰。
如本文所用,当指多肽或核苷酸序列时,术语“纯化”和“分离”表示所指分子在大量缺乏其它相同类型的生物大分子时存在。如本文所用,术语“纯化”优选指至少75%重量,更优选至少85%重量,更加优选至少95%重量,和最优选至少98%重量的相同类型的生物大分子存在。
术语“AUC”指受试者体内测定所得曲线下的面积,通过受试者中有益剂的血浆浓度对时间作图,从组合物的移植时间测量到移植后时间“t”。时间t对应于有益剂传递到受试者的阶段。
术语“爆发指数”指关于用于全身性传递有益剂的特定组合物,系数形成是通过(i)组合物移植到受试者后第1个时间段计算的AUC除以第1个时间段的小时数(t1),(ii)有益剂传递时间段计算的AUC除以传递段总持续时间的小时数(t2)。例如24小时的爆发指数是通过(i)组合物移植到受试者后最初24小时计算的AUC除以数字24,(ii)有益剂传递时间段计算的AUC除以传递段总持续时间的小时数所形成的系数。
短语“溶解或分散”指包括在凝胶组合物中确立有益剂存在的所有方法,包括溶解、分散、悬浮等。
术语“全身性”指关于传递或施用有益剂到受试者,有益剂在受试者的血浆中可以生物-显著水平检测。
术语“局部”指关于传递或施用有益剂到受试者,有益剂传递到受试者的局部位置但不能在受试者的血浆中以生物-显著水平检测。
术语“凝胶载体”指在缺乏有益剂时通过混合聚合物和溶剂所形成的组合物。
术语“持续期”指从发明的植入物释放有益剂的时间段,一般约1周或更长,优选约30天或更长。
术语“起始爆发”指关于本发明的特别组合物,系数获得是通过除以(i)移植后预定起始时间段中从组合物释放的有益剂重量,(ii)待从移植组合物传递的有益剂总量。要理解的是起始爆发可取决于植入物形状和表面积而变化。因此,本文所述与起始爆发相关的百分比和爆发指数应用于组合物,组合物以从标准注射器分散组合物所得形式测试。
术语“溶解度调节物”指关于有益剂,会改变有益剂溶解度的试剂,关于聚合物溶剂或水,来自缺乏调节物时有益剂的溶解度。调节物可提高或阻碍有益剂在溶剂或水中的溶解度。然而,在高度水溶性的有益剂情况下,溶解度调节物一般是阻碍有益剂在水中溶解度的试剂。有益剂的溶解度调节物的效果可来自溶解度调节物与溶剂的相互作用,或与有益剂本身相互作用如形成复合体,或两者都有。为此目的,当溶解度调节物与有益剂“相联”时,指所有这种可能发生的相互作用或形成。溶解度调节物可适当地在结合粘性凝胶前与有益剂混合,或可在有益剂加入前加入粘性凝胶。
术语“受试者”和“患者”指关于发明组合物施用的动物或人。
术语“可生物侵蚀”指逐步降解、溶解、水解和/或原位侵蚀的物质。一般,本文的“可生物侵蚀”聚合物是可水解的聚合物,主要通过水解在原位生物侵蚀。
术语“触变”以常规意义使用,指应用机械力如剪切力时可液化或至少显示出表观粘度减少的凝胶组合物。本文所用的“触变剂”是指提高组合物的触变性的试剂,组合物包含触变剂,触变剂促进剪切稀化能使用降低的注射力。
本发明的聚合物、溶剂和其它试剂必须“生物相容”;即它们不能在使用环境中引起刺激、炎症或坏死。使用环境是流体环境且可包括人或动物的皮下或肌肉内部分或体腔。
可注射的长效制剂:
如上所述,用于在延长时间段传递有益剂的可注射的长效制剂可在长效制剂注射到受试者前作为粘性凝胶形成。粘性凝胶支持分散的有益剂以在有益剂随着时间从长效制剂释放时提供合适的传递分布,包括具有低起始爆发的分布。
通常,粘性凝胶从标准皮下注射器注射,该注射器用有益剂-粘性凝胶组合物作为长效制剂预填充。当通过皮肤注射和注射入皮下组织时,通常注射优选用最小尺寸的针(即最小直径)进行以减少受试者不适。需要能经范围从16规格和更高的针注射凝胶,优选20规格和更高,更优选22规格和更高,甚至更加优选24规格和更高。高粘性凝胶即凝胶粘度约为100泊或更高,从具有20-30规格范围针的注射器中分散凝胶的注射力可以高到使注射难以用手工完成或几乎不可能。同时,需要凝胶的高粘度以在注射后和分散阶段中维持长效制剂的完整性并促进凝胶中有益剂的所需悬浮特性。
当受到剪切力时触变凝胶表现出粘度降低。当凝胶受到剪切力时,减少的程度部分是凝胶剪切速率的函数。当去除剪切力时,触变凝胶的粘度回到它受到剪切力前所表现的粘度或接近。因此,当从注射器注射时触凝变胶可受到剪切力,在注射过程中暂时降低其粘度。当注射过程完成后,去除剪切力且凝胶回到很接近其前面的状态。
聚合物和聚合物溶剂的组合物包括赋予粘性凝胶触变特征的试剂,凝胶由聚合物溶剂和聚合物形成,组合物提供上述所需优点。另外需要使用的触变剂量足够小,从而不需增加待注射长效制剂的质量和体积。在此方面,需要触变剂不是聚合物溶剂,触变剂即低级烷醇特别是乙醇。如以下更充分描述,加入少量低级烷醇特别是乙醇到聚合物长效制剂提供所述发明组合物的上述所需特征,聚合物长效制剂作为粘性凝胶形成自以乳酸为基础的聚合物和合适的聚合物溶剂。
所述聚合物可以是聚交酯,即以乳酸为基础的聚合物,可仅在乳酸基础上或可以是乳酸、乙醇酸的共聚物,可包括少量不显著影响有利结果的其它共聚单体,有利结果能根据本发明获得。如本文所用,术语“乳酸”包括异构体L-乳酸、D-乳酸、DL-乳酸和交酯,术语“乙醇酸”包括乙交酯。聚合物可具有的乳酸/乙醇酸单体比例从约100∶0到约15∶85,优选从约75∶25到约30∶70,更优选从约60∶40到约40∶60,尤其有用的共聚物具有的乳酸/乙醇酸单体比例为约50∶50。
以乳酸为基础的聚合物平均分子量从约1,000到约120,000,优选从约5,000到约50,000,更优选从约8,000到约30,000,如凝胶渗透层析(GPC)所确定。与前面以聚合物为基础的可注射长效制剂相反,本发明可使用较高分子量的聚合物,只要组合物的芳族醇甚至在用高分子量聚合物时提供极好的剪切稀化。如上述美国专利号5,242,910所示,聚合物可根据美国专利号4,443,340的技术制备。另外,以乳酸为基础的聚合物可根据美国专利号5,310,865直接制备自乳酸或乳酸和乙醇酸的混合物(有或没有更多的共聚单体)。所有这些专利内容纳入供参考。合适的以乳酸为基础的聚合物可商业购买。例如,分子量为8,000、10,000、30,000和100,000的50∶50乳酸∶乙醇酸共聚物获得自下述的Boehringer Ingelheim(Petersburg,VA)、Medisorb Technologies International L.P.(Cincinatti,OH)和Birmingham Polymers,Inc.(Birmingham,AL)。
聚合物的例子包括但不限于聚(D,L-交酯)ResomerL104、PLA-L104、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG502、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50ResomerRG502H、PLGA-502H、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG503、PLGA-503、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG506、PLGA-506、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG755、PLGA-755、聚L-交酯MW 2,000(ResomerL206、ResomerL207、ResomerL209、ResomerL214);聚D,L交酯(ResomerR104、ResomerR202、ResomerR203、ResomerR206、ResomerR207、ResomerR208);聚L-交酯-共-D,L-交酯90∶10(ResomerLR209);聚乙交酯(ResomerG205);聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯50∶50(ResomerRG504H、ResomerRG504、ResomerRG505);聚D-L-交酯-共-乙交酯75∶25(ResomerRG752、ResomerRG755、ResomerRG756);聚D-L-交酯-共-乙交酯85∶15(ResomerRG858);聚L-交酯-共-三甲烯碳酸酯70∶30(ResomerLT706);聚二噁酮(ResomerX210)(Boehringer IngelheimChemicals,Inc.,Petersburg,VA)。
另外的例子包括但不限于DL-交酯/乙交酯100∶0(MEDISORB聚合物100 DLHigh、MEDISORB聚合物100 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯85/15(MEDISORB聚合物8515 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物8515 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯75/25(MEDISORB聚合物7525 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物7525 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯65/35(MEDISORB聚合物6535 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物6535 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯54/46(MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯54/46(MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL 2A(3)、MEDISORB聚合物5050DL 3A(3)、MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL 4A(3))(Medisorb Technologies Inter-national L.P.Cincinatti,OH);以及聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯50∶50;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯65∶35;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯75∶25;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯85∶15;聚DL-交酯;聚L-交酯;聚乙交酯;聚ε-己内酯;聚DL-交酯-共-己内酯25∶75;和聚DL-交酯-共-己内酯75∶25(Birmingham Polymers,Inc.,Birmingham,AL)。
生物相容聚合物在凝胶组合物中存在量的范围从约5到约90%重量,优选从约10到约85%重量,优选从约15到约80%重量,优选从约20到约75%重量,优选从约30到约70%重量,且通常是从约35到约65%重量的粘性凝胶,粘性凝胶包括生物相容聚合物和溶剂的组合量。
所述溶剂必须是生物相容的并且经过选择以溶解聚合物形成粘性凝胶,所述粘性胶可使有益剂颗粒在释放之前保持溶解或分散并从使用环境分离。合适的溶剂包括苯甲酸的低级烷基和芳烷基酯,如苯甲酸苄酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯等,三醋精、n-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、甘油缩甲醛、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、甲乙酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、己内酰胺、癸基甲基亚砜、油酸和1-十二烷基氮杂环-庚-2-酮和它们的混合物。优选的溶剂是苯甲酸的低级烷基和芳烷基酯,特别是苯甲酸苄酯和苯甲酸乙酯。其它溶剂描述在美国专利6,130,200中,本文将其并入以供参考。
溶剂通常存在的量从约95到约5%重量的粘性凝胶,优选约80%到约50%重量,通常为65%到35%重量,粘性凝胶的重量是聚合物和溶剂的混合量。通过混合聚合物和溶剂形成的粘性凝胶一般表现出的粘度从约100到约200,000泊,优选从约500到约50,000泊,通常从约1,000到约50,000泊,在混合完成后约1-2天用Haake流变仪以1秒-1剪切速率和25℃测量。完成聚合物和溶剂的混合可用常规低剪切设备如Ross双行星混合器约1-2小时。
赋予聚合物凝胶触变性质的试剂选自低级烷醇。低级烷醇指醇含2-6个碳原子且是直链或支链。这种醇可以乙醇、异丙醇等作为例子。重要的是,这种触变剂不是聚合物溶剂。(参见《开发原位形成生物可降解的聚-交酯-共-乙交酯系统用于控制蛋白质释放》(Development of an in situ forming bidegradablepoly-lactide-co-glycolide system for controlled release ofprotein),Lambert,W.J.和Peck,K.D.,Journal of Controlled Release,
33(1995)189-195)。
令人惊讶的是,当凝胶从注射器分散时,仅需要很少量的触变剂加入聚合物和聚合物溶剂的聚合溶液以获得所需注射力降低。因此,发现小于聚合物溶剂和触变剂组合重量的15%重量的触变剂量令人满意。触变剂可以溶剂和触变剂组合重量的百分之0.01到15重量的量存在,优选百分之0.1到5重量的量,通常以百分之0.5到5重量的量。
有益剂可以是生理或药理活性物质或任选结合药学上可接受载体和另外成分的物质,另外成分如抗氧化剂、稳定剂、渗透增强剂等,对发明可获得的有利结果没有显著的不利影响。有益剂可以是已知传递给人或动物体的任何试剂,优选溶于水而不是聚合物-溶解溶剂。这些试剂包括药剂、药物、维生素、营养物等。符合此描述的试剂类型包括营养物、维生素、食物补充剂、性杀菌剂、生育抑制剂和生育促进剂。
可由本发明传递的药剂包括的药物作用于外周神经、肾上腺素受体、胆碱能受体、骨骼肌、心血管系统、平滑肌、血液循环系统、突触位置、神经效应器连接位置、内分泌和激素系统、免疫系统、生殖系统、骨骼系统、自体激素系统、消化和排泄系统、组胺系统和中枢神经系统。合适的试剂可选自例如药物、蛋白质、酶、激素、多核苷酸、核蛋白、多糖、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、多肽、类固醇、镇痛药、局部麻醉剂、抗生素试剂、化学治疗剂、免疫抑制剂、消炎药包括消炎皮质类固醇、抗增殖剂、抗有丝分裂剂、血管生成剂、抗凝剂、纤维蛋白溶解剂、生长因子、抗体、眼部药物和代谢物、类似物(包含合成和取代类似物)、衍生物(包含聚集缀合物/通过本领域已知方法与其它大分子和具非相关化学部分的共价缀合物融合)片段,以及纯化、分离、重组和化学合成的这些种类。
可由本发明组合物传递的药物例子包括但不限于普鲁卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因、丁卡因、盐酸丁卡因、可卡因、盐酸可卡因、氯普鲁卡因、盐酸氯普鲁卡因、丙美卡因、盐酸丙美卡因、哌罗卡因、盐酸哌罗卡因、海克卡因、盐酸海克卡因、纳依卡因、盐酸纳依卡因、benzoxinate、盐酸benzoxinate、环美卡因、盐酸环美卡因、硫酸环美卡因、利多卡因、盐酸利多卡因、比布卡因、盐酸比布卡因、甲哌卡因、盐酸甲哌卡因、丙胺卡因、盐酸丙胺卡因、地布卡因和盐酸地布卡因、依替卡因、苯佐卡因、丙氧卡因、达克罗宁、丙吗卡因、奥布卡因、乙二磺酸甲哌丙嗪、硫酸亚铁、氨基己酸、盐酸美加明、盐酸普鲁卡因酰胺、硫酸安非他明、盐酸去氧麻黄碱、盐酸苄基苯丙胺、硫酸异丙肾上腺素、盐酸芬美曲秦、氯贝胆碱、氯化乙酰甲胆碱、盐酸匹鲁卡品、硫酸阿托品、溴化东莨菪碱、异丙碘胺、氯化三乙己苯胺(tridihexethyl chloride)、盐酸苯乙双胍、盐酸哌甲酯、胆茶碱、盐酸头孢力新、地芬尼多、盐酸敏克静、马来酸哌氯丙嗪、酚苄明、马来酸硫乙拉嗪、茴茚二酮、二苯乙酰茚满二酮、四硝酸赤藓醇、地高辛、异丙氟磷、乙酰唑胺、甲氮酰胺、苄氟噻嗪、chloropromaide、妥拉磺脲、醋酸氯地孕酮、非那二醇、别嘌呤醇、阿斯匹林铝、甲氨蝶呤、乙酰磺胺异噁唑、红霉素、氢化可的松、醋酸氢化皮质酮、醋酸可的松、地塞米松和其衍生物如倍他米松、曲安西龙、甲睾酮、17-S-雌二醇、乙炔基雌二醇、乙炔基雌二醇-3-甲基醚、泼尼松龙、17α-羟孕酮醋酸盐、19-去甲-孕酮、炔诺孕酮、炔诺酮、炔诺酮、norethiederone、孕酮、去甲孕酮、羟炔诺酮、阿斯匹林、消炎痛、萘普生、非诺洛芬、舒林酸、吲哚洛芬、硝酸甘油、二硝酸异山梨酯、心得安、噻吗洛尔、阿替洛尔、阿普洛尔、四咪替丁、可乐定、丙咪嗪、左旋多巴、氯丙嗪、甲基多巴、二羟基苯丙氨酸、茶碱、葡萄糖酸钙、酮洛芬、布洛芬、头孢力新、红霉素、氟哌啶醇、佐美酸、乳酸亚铁、长春胺、安定、酚苄明、地尔硫、甲氰吡酮、头孢孟多、quanbenz、氢氯噻嗪、雷尼替丁、氟比洛芬、fenufen、氟洛芬、托美汀、阿氯芬酸、甲芬那酸、氟芬那酸、difuinal、尼莫地平、尼群地平、尼素地平、尼卡地平、非洛地平、利多氟嗪、噻帕米、戈洛帕米、氨氯地平、米氟嗪、赖诺普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、卡托普利、雷米普利、法莫替丁、尼扎替丁、硫糖铝、乙炔替丁、tetratolol、米诺地尔、氯氮草、安定、阿米替林和丙咪嗪。更多的例子是蛋白质和肽,包括但不限于骨形成蛋白、胰岛素、秋水仙素、胰高血糖素、甲状腺刺激激素、副甲状腺和垂体激素、降钙素、肾素、促乳素、促肾上腺皮质素、促甲状腺激素、卵泡刺激激素、绒膜促性腺素、促性腺素释放激素、牛促生长素、猪促生长素、催产素、血管升压素、GRF、促生长素抑制素、赖氨酸加压素、促胰酶素、促黄体素、LHRH、LHRH激动剂和拮抗剂、亮丙瑞林、干扰素如干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b和共有干扰素、白介素、生长因子如表皮生长因子(EGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)、胰岛素样生长因子-II(IGF-II)、白介素-1、白介素-2、白介素-6、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、肿瘤坏死因子-β(TNF-β)、干扰素-α(INF-α)、干扰素-β(INF-β)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、干扰素-ω(INF-ω)、集落刺激因子(CSF)、血管细胞生长因子(VEGF)、血小板生成素(TPO)、基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)、胎盘生长因子(PIGF)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、胶质细胞衍生神经营养因子(GDNF)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)、骨形态生成蛋白(BMP)、凝血因子、人胰腺激素释放因子、这些化合物的类似物和衍生物、这些化合物的药学上可接受盐或者它们的类似物或衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,有益剂包括趋化生长因子、增殖性生长因子、刺激生长因子和转化肽生长因子,包括基因、前体、翻译后变体、代谢物、结合蛋白、下列生长因子家族的受体、受体激动剂和拮抗剂:表皮生长因子(EGFs)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGFs)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)、转化生长因子(TGFs)、白介素(ILs)、集落刺激因子(CSFs、MCFs、GCSFs、GMCSFs)、干扰素(IFNs)、内皮生长因子(VEGF、EGFs)、红细胞生成素(EPOs)、促血管生成素(ANGs)、胎盘衍生生长因子(PIGFs)和低氧诱导的转录调节物(HIFs)。
对于上面没有提及的方面,也可使用上述美国专利号5,242,910中所述的有益剂。本发明的一个特别优点是物质如以溶菌酶为例子的蛋白质、cDNA和DNA掺入病毒和非病毒的载体中,载体难以微包囊或加工成微球体,它们可掺入本发明组合物中而不经历使用其它技术的降解水平。
有益剂优选掺入粘性凝胶中,凝胶以颗粒形式形成自聚合物和溶剂,颗粒通常具有的平均粒径从约0.1到约250微米,优选从约1到约200微米,和通常从30到125微米。
为在形成自聚合物和溶剂的粘性凝胶中形成有益剂的颗粒的悬浮液,可使用任何常规低剪切装置如在环境条件的Ross双行星混合器。以此方法可大量获得有益剂的有效分布而不降解有益剂。
有益剂通常在组合物中溶解或分散的量从约0.1%到约50%重量,聚合物、溶剂、和有益剂组合量优选从约1%到约40%的量,更优选从约2%到约30%的量,通常2到20%重量。取决于组合物中存在的有益剂量,可获得不同释放分布。更特别的是,对于特定聚合物和溶剂,通过调节这些成分的量和有益剂的量能获得释放分布,释放分布取决于聚合物的降解多于来自组合物的有益剂扩散或反之亦然。在此方面,以较低有益剂装载速度一般获得反映聚合物降解的释放分布,其中释放速度随着时间增加。在较高装载速度一般获得有益剂扩散引起的释放分布,其中释放速度随着时间减少。在中间的装载速度获得组合释放分布,因而如果需要可获得显著恒定的释放速度。为最小化爆发,有益剂优选以总凝胶组合物的30%或更小重量顺序装载,总凝胶组合物即聚合物、溶剂和有益剂,更优选装入20%或更小。调节有益剂的释放速度和装载以在持续传递段提供治疗有效的有益剂传递。有益剂优选以高于有益剂水中饱和的浓度存在于聚合物凝胶以提供分散有益剂的药物存储。有益剂的释放速度取决于特别情况如待施用的有益剂,可获得的释放速度以约0.1微克/天到约30毫克/天的顺序,优选约1微克/天到约20毫克/天,更优选约10微克/天到约10毫克/天,时间段从约24小时到约180天,优选24小时到约120天,更优选24小时到约90天,通常3天到约90天。此外,有益剂剂量可通过调节注射长效制剂凝胶的量调节。
就需要常规的任选成分而言,如吸湿剂、稳定剂或其它试剂,它们可以基本上不影响本发明所得有利结果的量使用。其它成分可存在于凝胶组合物,到它们所需或提供组合物有用性质的程度,如聚乙二醇、吸湿剂、稳定剂(例如表面活性剂像吐温20、吐温80等,糖如蔗糖、海藻糖等,盐类,抗氧化剂)、成孔剂、膨胀剂(如山梨糖醇、甘露醇、甘氨酸等)、螯合剂(如二价金属离子,包括锌、镁、钙、铜等)、缓冲剂(如磷酸盐、acetane、琥珀酸盐、组氨酸、TRIS等)和其它。当组合物包括在水环境中可溶或不稳定的肽或蛋白质时,很需要在组合物中包含溶解度调节物,例如稳定剂。多种调节剂描述于美国专利号5,654,010和5,656,297,所揭示的内容纳入本文供参考。例如在hGH的情况中,优选包括二价金属盐的量,优选锌。这种调节剂和稳定剂可与有益剂形成复合体或相连以提供稳定或调节的释放效果,例子包括金属阳离子,优选二价,作为碳酸镁、碳酸锌、碳酸钙、乙酸镁、硫酸镁、乙酸锌、硫酸锌、氯化锌、氯化镁、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、其它抗酸剂等存在于组合物中。这些所用试剂的量取决于形成的复合体性质或有益剂和试剂间相联性质。通常可使用的溶解度调节剂或稳定剂与有益剂的摩尔比率为约100∶1到1∶1,优选10∶1到1∶1。
成孔剂包括生物相容物质,当接触体液时溶解、分散或降解以在聚合物基质中产生孔或通道。一般,水溶性有机或非有机物质如糖(例如蔗糖、右旋糖)、水溶性盐(例如氯化钠、磷酸钠、氯化钾和碳酸钠)、水溶性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇以及水溶性聚合物(例如羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等)可方便的用作成孔剂。这种物质可以不同量存在,从约0.1%到约100%重量的聚合物,但通常小于50%且更通常小于10-20%重量的聚合物。
应理解的是,本发明的试剂不构成一种仅有的稀释剂或聚合物一溶剂,它们可通过简单减少组合物成分的浓度来降低粘度。使用常规稀释剂可降低粘度,但当注射稀释的组合物时也可引起上述的爆发效应。相反,可配制本发明的可注射长效组合物以通过选择试剂避免爆发效应,这样一旦注射入区域,试剂对原始系统的稀释性质影响小。优选的是,在受试者植入后最初24小时内释放40%或更少重量的粘性凝胶中存在的有益剂。更优选的是,30%或更少的有益剂在植入后最初24小时内释放,植入组合物的爆发指数为12或更小,优选8或更小。
为进一步理解本发明的各个方面,上述图中所示结果根据下列例子获得。
实施例1
用于可注射的长效组合物的凝胶载体制备如下。玻璃容器在Mettler PJ3000顶加载器天平上称净重。聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)(PLGA),作为50∶50 ResomerRG502(PLGA RG502)在玻璃容器中称重。含聚合物的玻璃容器称净重并加入相应溶剂。表示为不同聚合物/溶剂组合百分比的量列于下表1。聚合物/溶剂混合物以250±50rpm搅拌(IKA电搅拌器,IKH-Werke GmbH Co.,Sfanfen,Germany)约5至10分钟,得到含聚合物颗粒的粘性糊样物质。含聚合物/溶剂混合物的容器被密封并置于平衡到37℃的温度控制培养箱1至4天,伴间歇搅拌,取决于溶剂和聚合物类型及溶剂和聚合物比例。当出现透明琥珀均一凝胶时,聚合物/溶剂混合物从培养箱取出。其后,混合物置于烘箱(65℃)30分钟。注意到从烘箱取出时PLGA-504溶解于混合物。
另外的长效制剂凝胶载体用下列溶剂或混合物制备:苯甲酸苄酯(“BB”)、乙醇和丙二醇(“PG”),和下列聚合物:聚(D,L-交酯)ResomerL104、PLA-L104、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG502、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50ResomerRG502H、PLGA-502H、聚(D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯)50∶50 ResomerRG503、聚L-交酯MW 2,000(ResomerL206、ResomerL207、ResomerL209、ResomerL214);聚D,L交酯(ResomerR104、ResomerR202、ResomerR203、ResomerR206、ResomerR207、ResomerR208);聚L-交酯-共-D,L-交酯90∶10(ResomerLR209);聚D-L-交酯-共-乙交酯75∶25(ResomerRG752、ResomerRG755、ResomerRG756);聚D-L-交酯-共-乙交酯85∶15(ResomerRG858);聚L-交酯-共-三甲烯碳酸酯70∶30(ResomerLT706);聚二噁酮(ResomerX210)(Boehringer IngelheimChemicals,Inc.,Petersburg,VA);DL-交酯/乙交酯100∶0(MEDISORB聚合物100DL High、MEDISORB聚合物100 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯85/15(MEDISORB聚合物8515 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物8515 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯75/25(MEDISORB聚合物7525 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物7525 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯65/35(MEDISORB聚合物6535 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物6535 DL Low);DL-交酯/乙交酯54/46(MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL High、MEDISORB聚合物5050 DLLow);DL-交酯/乙交酯54/46(MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL 2A(3)、MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL 3A(3)、MEDISORB聚合物5050 DL 4A(3))(Medisorb TechnologiesInternational L.P.,Cincinatti,OH);以及聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯50∶50;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯65∶35;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯75∶25;聚D,L-交酯-共-乙交酯85∶15;聚DL-交酯;聚L-交酯;聚乙交酯;聚ε-己内酯;聚DL-交酯-共-己内酯25∶75;聚DL-交酯-共-己内酯75∶25(Birmingham Polymers,Inc.,Birmingham,AL)。典型的聚合物分子量范围是14,400-39,700(Mw)[6,400-12,200(Mn)]。代表性凝胶载体描述于下表1。
表1
制剂 | 聚合物1(%) | 苯甲酸苄酯(%) | 乙醇(%) |
1 | 50 | 50 | 0 |
2 | 50 | 47.5 | 2.5 |
3 | 50 | 45 | 5 |
4 | 50 | 42.5 | 7.5 |
1=PLGA-RG502
实施例2
hGH颗粒制备
人生长激素(hGH)颗粒(任选包含乙酸锌)制备如下:
hGH溶液(5mg/ml)用浓度/透析选择仪渗滤设备在水中(BresaGen Corporation,Adelaide,澳大利亚)浓缩至10mg/mL。渗滤的hGH溶液用5倍体积tris或磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.6)洗。然后hGH颗粒用常规技术通过喷雾干燥或冻干制成。含hGH(5mg/mL)的磷酸缓冲溶液(5或50mM)(制备Zn复合颗粒时,任选不同水平的乙酸锌(0到30mM))用Yamato小型喷雾干燥器喷雾干燥,设置下列参数:
喷雾干燥器参数 | 设置 |
雾化空气 | 2psi |
入口温度 | 120℃ |
吸气器刻度盘 | 7.5 |
溶液泵 | 2-4 |
主要空气阀 | 40-45psi |
冻干颗粒制备自含hGH(5mg/mL)的tris缓冲溶液(5或50mM:pH7.6),用Durastop μP冷冻干燥机根据下列冷冻和干燥循环制备:
冷冻循环 | 以2.5C/分钟缓慢下降至-30℃并保持30分钟 |
以2.5C/分钟缓慢下降至-30℃并保持30分钟 | |
干燥循环 | 以0.5C/分钟缓慢上升至10℃并保持960分钟 |
以0.5C/分钟缓慢上升至20℃并保持480分钟 | |
以0.5C/分钟缓慢上升至25℃并保持300分钟 | |
以0.5C/分钟缓慢上升至30℃并保持300分钟 | |
以0.5C/分钟缓慢上升至5℃并保持5000分钟 |
实施例3
hGH-硬脂酸颗粒制备
人生长激素(hGH)颗粒制备如下:冻干的hGH(3.22克,Pharmacia-Upjohn,斯德哥尔摩,瑞典)和硬脂酸(3.22克,95%纯度,Sigma-Aldrich Corporation,St.Louis,MO)被混合和碾磨。碾磨物质在13mm圆模中压缩,用10,000磅的压力5分钟。碾磨压缩片剂并通过70网孔筛,接着用400网孔筛以获得大小范围在38-212微米的颗粒。
实施例4
药物装载
压缩颗粒包含如上制备的有益剂/硬脂酸,颗粒以10-20%重量的量加入凝胶载体并手工混合直到干粉末完全变湿。然后乳白淡黄色颗粒/凝胶混合物通过常规混合用附有正方形-顶金属括刀的Caframo机械搅拌器充分混合。所得制剂(6-12)示于下表2。最终的均匀凝胶制剂转移到3、10或30cc一次性注射器用于贮存或分散。
表2
制剂 | 聚合物1(%) | 苯甲酸苄酯(%) | 乙醇(%) |
52 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 0.0 |
63 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 |
73 | 45.0 | 44.0 | 1.0 |
83 | 39.0 | 39.0 | 2.7 |
92 | 39.0 | 39.7 | 0.0 |
103 | 31.9 | 47.6 | 0.3 |
113 | 33.5 | 44.0 | 0.3 |
123 | 40.2 | 36.0 | 0.9 |
133 | 32.4 | 44.2 | 1.2 |
143 | 32.3 | 44.0 | 1.3 |
153 | 36.2 | 39.6 | 1.5 |
163 | 32.9 | 40.1 | 1.9 |
174 | 35.3 | 45.8 | 0.9 |
1=PLGA-502聚合物;
2=10%颗粒装载(2.8%hGH,5%硬脂酸);
3=20%颗粒装载(5%hGH,10%硬脂酸);
4=15%颗粒装载(5%hGH,7%硬脂酸)。
代表性数量的可移植凝胶根据上述过程制备且测试体外有益剂的释放作为时间的函数以及大鼠体内研究鼠以确定有益剂释放作为时间的函数,释放由有益剂的血清浓度确定。
实施例5
测试了长效制剂载体和用不同溶剂(按上述制备)配制的长效制剂的流变学行为。在各种剪切速率下测试了制剂1-4的粘度,在37℃用Bohlin CVO50流变计(Bohis Instruments Limited,Gloucestershire,UK)测量粘度。图1显示了凝胶制剂1-4的粘度。图2显示了凝胶制剂5-8的粘度。低剪切速率下的粘度代表了对制剂有最小压力的凝胶制剂的稠度。如图1和2所示,增加制剂中乙醇的量可降低粘度并增加剪切稀化。
实施例6
分别对制剂1-4和5-12评价分散长效制剂载体和长效制剂所需的注射力。将制剂装载在Hamilton 500μl Gastight注射器(Hamilton,Reno,NV)中。图3阐明从采用20号针头的注射器注射制剂1-4所需的力之间的关系。如图3所示,当组合物中乙醇的量从占溶剂和试剂组合重量的0%增加到15%时长效载体制剂的注射力明显降低。图4A和4B阐明在室温下从采用24号针头的注射器以1ml/分钟注射制剂9-16所需的力之间的关系。需要注意的是,由于剪切稀化行为,以乙醇作为触变剂的制剂显示了明显降低的注射力,同时采用苯甲酸苄酯在较低剪切速率时保持了等于或大于制剂的粘度;因此在注射到动物后保持了长效制剂的完整性。
实施例7
hGH体内研究
大鼠的体内研究遵循公开的规程进行以确定经本发明移植系统全身施用hGH时hGH的血清水平。长效凝胶hGH制剂装入0.5cc一次性注射器。一次性16号针头附于注射器并用循环浴加热至37℃。长效凝胶hGH制剂注入免疫抑制的大鼠并以特定的时间间隔取血。分析前所有血清样品贮存于4℃。用放射免疫测定(RIA)分析样品的完整hGH含量。在研究的末期,大鼠被安乐死用于总体临床观察且收回长效制剂用于完整观察。
图5、6A和6B阐述了人生长激素(“hGH”)的代表性体内释放分布,hGH在大鼠中从多种长效制剂中获得,包括本发明的制剂。具乙醇的长效制剂的体内释放分布可与对照制剂(没有乙醇)相比。因此,本发明长效制剂显著降低注射力而不包括有益剂的体内释放分布。
在研究的末期(即第28天),长效制剂从大鼠中收回。一般,回收1片完整圆形长效制剂对应于动物中各注射的长效制剂。
图7和8显示了爆发指数曲线,它显示了在大鼠中以各种长效制剂,包括本发明的那些制剂获得的人生长激素(“hGH”)的释放。本发明的长效制剂明显减小了注射力而没有影响有益剂的体内释放曲线。
根据本发明各个方面,可获得一个或多个显著优点。更特别地,采用简单的加工步骤就可以获得一种无需手术,通过标准针头采用低分配力就可注射到动物体内的长效凝胶组合物。一旦安放到位,所述组合物就迅速回到其原始粘度并可迅速硬化从而有效避免爆发效应并提供所需的有益剂释放曲线。此外,由于该组合物是可完全生物降解的,有益剂一旦完全施用无需将其除去。再一个优点是,本发明避免了使用微粒体或微包囊技术,因为这些技术会降解一些有益剂,如基于肽和核酸的药物,且微粒体或微包囊可能难以从使用环境中除去。由于不需要水、极端温度或其它溶剂就可形成粘性粘胶,有益剂的悬浮颗粒便可保持干燥和它们的原始构型,这对其稳定性有利。此外,由于物质形成,如果需要,可从其使用环境中回收可注射的长效凝胶组合物。
本发明包括以下特征和优点,这些特征和优点可以单独或相互结合:
一种组合物,所述组合物含有乳酸基聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;
一种组合物,所述组合物含有聚乳酸聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;聚乳酸聚合物的重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000,优选约5,000到约50,000,更优选约8,000到约30,000;
一种组合物,所述组合物含有一种作为乳酸和乙醇酸共聚物的乳酸基聚合物、与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂和一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;组合物可包括的乙醇量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量;共聚物的重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000,优选约5,000到约50,000,更优选约8,000到约30,000。
上述示范实施方案用于在所有方面说明,而不是限制本发明。因此本发明能在详细实施中作出许多改变,修改可由本领域技术人员从本文所含描述中获得。所有这种改变和修改被认为在本发明范围和精神内。
Claims (25)
1.一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有乳酸基聚合物;与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂;一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂结合重量的15%重量;以及有益剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述试剂是乙醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。
4.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
5.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
6.一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有聚乳酸聚合物;与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂;一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量;以及有益剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中,所述试剂是乙醇。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。
9.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
10.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
11.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000。
12.一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有一种作为乳酸和乙醇酸共聚物的乳酸基聚合物;与所述聚合物形成聚合物溶液的溶剂;一定量的与所述聚合物溶液混合而有效形成触变组合物的试剂,所述试剂实质上选自低级烷醇,且所述量为小于溶剂和试剂组合重量的15%重量;以及有益剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中,所述试剂是乙醇。
14.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.01重量且小于或等于百分之15重量。
15.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.1重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
16.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,乙醇的量大于或等于溶剂和试剂组合重量的百分之0.5重量且小于或等于百分之5重量。
17.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,共聚物的重均分子量范围从约1,000到约120,000。
18.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述有益剂选自药物、蛋白质、酶、激素、多核苷酸、核蛋白、多糖、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、多肽、类固醇、镇痛药、局部麻醉剂、抗生素试剂、化学治疗剂、免疫抑制剂、消炎剂、抗增殖剂、抗有丝分裂剂、血管生成剂、抗凝剂、纤维蛋白溶解剂、生长因子、抗体、眼部药物和代谢物、及其类似物、衍生物和片段。
19.如权利要求18所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂以0.1到50%重量的聚合物、溶剂和有益剂的组合量存在。
20.如权利要求18所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂是以粘性凝胶中分散或溶解的颗粒形式。
21.如权利要求20所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂是以颗粒形式,且所述颗粒进一步包含的成分选自稳定剂、膨胀剂、螯合剂和缓冲剂。
22.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中,所述有益剂选自药物、蛋白质、酶、激素、多核苷酸、核蛋白、多糖、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、多肽、类固醇、镇痛药、局部麻醉剂、抗生素试剂、化学治疗剂、免疫抑制剂、消炎剂、抗增殖剂、抗有丝分裂剂、血管生成剂、抗凝剂、纤维蛋白溶解剂、生长因子、抗体、眼部药物和代谢物、及其类似物、衍生物和片段。
23.如权利要求22所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂以0.1到50%重量的聚合物、溶剂和有益剂的组合量存在。
24.如权利要求22所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂是以粘性凝胶中分散或溶解的颗粒形式。
25.如权利要求24所述的组合物,其特征在于,有益剂是以颗粒形式,且所述颗粒进一步包含的成分选自稳定剂、膨胀剂、螯合剂和缓冲剂。
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- 2002-11-14 NZ NZ533434A patent/NZ533434A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-14 ES ES02784472T patent/ES2329346T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-14 MX MXPA04004664A patent/MXPA04004664A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-11-14 JP JP2003543572A patent/JP5170935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-14 BR BR0206469-3A patent/BR0206469A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-14 KR KR10-2003-7009399A patent/KR20040065153A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-14 CA CA2466642A patent/CA2466642C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-14 DE DE60232987T patent/DE60232987D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-14 CN CNB028267974A patent/CN100446809C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-14 US US10/295,159 patent/US20030157178A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 EP EP02784472A patent/EP1446099B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
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2004
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2009
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CN100457187C (zh) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-02-04 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | Vegf缓释注射微球支架及其制备方法和用途 |
CN107847722A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-03-27 | 辛纳吉勒公司 | 包含药物粒子的药用悬浮液、用于其配给的装置、以及其使用方法 |
US11135191B2 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2021-10-05 | Synagile Corporation | Devices for the administration of pharmaceutical suspensions |
US11426376B2 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | Synagile Corporation | Devices for the administration of pharmaceutical suspensions |
CN113304325A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-08-27 | 四川大学 | 一种集可注射与抗菌于一体的双功能水凝胶及其制备方法和用途 |
CN113304325B (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-03-11 | 四川大学 | 一种集可注射与抗菌于一体的双功能水凝胶及其制备方法和用途 |
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NZ533434A (en) | 2006-11-30 |
WO2003041685A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
DE60232987D1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
JP5170935B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
US20030157178A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
CA2466642C (en) | 2011-01-18 |
KR20040065153A (ko) | 2004-07-21 |
EP1446099B1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
AU2009201018A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
BR0206469A (pt) | 2004-01-13 |
US20140113864A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
CN100446809C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
NO20033179L (no) | 2003-09-04 |
JP2005514350A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
NO20033179D0 (no) | 2003-07-11 |
IL161999A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
ES2329346T3 (es) | 2009-11-25 |
CA2466642A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
JP2010265277A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
MXPA04004664A (es) | 2004-09-10 |
ZA200306278B (en) | 2005-03-30 |
AU2009201018B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP1446099A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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