CN1612401A - 锂离子二次电池 - Google Patents

锂离子二次电池 Download PDF

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CN1612401A
CN1612401A CNA2003101119664A CN200310111966A CN1612401A CN 1612401 A CN1612401 A CN 1612401A CN A2003101119664 A CNA2003101119664 A CN A2003101119664A CN 200310111966 A CN200310111966 A CN 200310111966A CN 1612401 A CN1612401 A CN 1612401A
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王传福
沈晞
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to US10/927,670 priority patent/US20050048360A1/en
Priority to US10/932,362 priority patent/US20050048361A1/en
Priority to US10/975,905 priority patent/US7906233B2/en
Priority to DE602004030612T priority patent/DE602004030612D1/de
Priority to EP04789884A priority patent/EP1683226B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2004/001225 priority patent/WO2005043667A1/en
Priority to AT04789884T priority patent/ATE492043T1/de
Priority to KR1020067010253A priority patent/KR20060096455A/ko
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Abstract

一种锂离子二次电池，其中，正极1是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的锂与过渡金属的复合氧化物为活性物质涂敷在铝箔基体表面而形成，负极2是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的碳材料为活性物质涂敷在铜箔基体表面而形成，正、负极1、2均设有引出端子作为正、负极集流体6、7，正、负极1、2以片状形式依次层叠排布于带状隔膜3的两面而形成极芯4，隔膜3在电池外壳5中呈涡卷状而将正、负极1、2相隔绝缘。该锂离子二次电池可以充分利用电池外壳的内部空间，提高电池的能量密度；提高锂离子二次电池的大电流放电性能、自放电性能、安全性能、电池的循环性能和电池容量。

Description

锂离子二次电池
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种锂离子二次电池，更具体地说是涉及一种空间利用率高的涡卷式锂离子二次电池。
【背景技术】
随着科学技术的飞速发展，电子仪器及电子设备的小型化对二次电池的性能要求越来越高，从综合性能方面讲，锂离子二次电池是最具有发展和应用前景的高能二次电池。目前在市场上广泛应用的是通过隔膜卷绕带状正极和负极制造的圆筒形极芯容纳在电池外壳内的圆柱形锂离子二次电池，或通过隔膜卷绕带状正极和负极制造的极芯经扁平成型后容纳在方形电池外壳内形成的方形锂离子二次电池，如图6所示，但是此种结构的方形锂离子二次电池存在以下问题：
1.空间利用率较低；
2.电池循环使用时，正、负极发生膨胀，使极芯产生较大的内部应力，同时电池中电解液分布不均匀，对电池的自放电性能、循环性能和安全性能产生一定的影响。
此外，与其它二次电池相比，锂离子电池的内阻较高，因此在高倍率放电时电压急剧下降，放电时间大大缩短，电池容量大幅降低。而常规电极的低通导能力是造成锂离子二次电池内阻偏高的主要原因之一。目前，大多数商品锂离子二次电池均采用单个或多个极耳(也称为集流体)作为电流引出方式，但是这样电流的导出和引入局限在有限的几个焊接点上，通导能力较低，且电池充放电过程中的电流分布不够均匀。
因此，如何充分利用锂离子二次电池外壳内的空间，以使电池达到高的能量密度，以及如何降低电池的内阻、提高电池的大电流放电性能、电池的自放电性能、循环性能、安全性能和电池容量等综合性能就成为提升锂离子二次电池性能的重要问题。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种可以充分利用电池的内部空间、具有高的能量密度、优良的大电流放电性能和自放电性能、循环性能好、安全性能高、容量高的锂离子二次电池。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种锂离子二次电池，包括正极1、隔膜3、负极2以及非水电解液，收纳于电池外壳5中，开口部由盖板密封，其中，
正极1是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的锂与过渡金属的复合氧化物为活性物质涂敷在铝箔基体表面而形成；
负极2是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的碳材料为活性物质涂敷在铜箔基体表面而形成；
正、负极1、2均设有引出端子作为正、负极集流体6、7；
正、负极1、2以片状形式依次层叠排布于带状隔膜3的两面而形成极芯4，隔膜3在电池外壳5中呈涡卷状而将正、负极1、2相隔绝缘。
上述的技术方案可进一步改进为：
所述的正、负极1、2中的集流体6、7分别层叠，并与电池的正、负极端相连接。
所述的隔膜3的涡卷层数不超过6层。
所述的正极集流体6为铝箔基体延伸出来的细颈部分。
所述的负极集流体7为铜箔基体延伸出来的细颈部分。
所述的电池外壳5中至少设有一组极芯4。
本发明锂离子二次电池的优点在于：
(1)可以充分利用电池外壳的内部空间，提高电池的能量密度；
(2)提高了锂离子二次电池的大电流放电性能、自放电性能、安全性能、电池的循环性能和电池容量。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明锂离子二次电池的结构剖面图；
图2是本发明锂离子二次电池的极芯结构剖面图；
图3是本发明锂离子二次电池的正极片平面示意图；
图4是本发明锂离子二次电池的负极片平面示意图；
图5是本发明锂离子二次电池含多组极芯情况的结构剖面图；
图6是现有技术中锂离子二次电池的结构剖面图。
附图符号说明
1-正极片                      2-负极片
3-隔膜                        4-极芯
5-电池外壳                    6-正极集流体
7-负极集流体
【具体实施方式】
下面对本发明作出进一步的说明。
如图1～4所示，在本发明中，正极片1、负极片2均以片状形式存在，依次排布于带状隔膜3的两面，隔膜3在电池外壳5中呈涡卷状而将正负极片相隔绝缘而形成极芯4，将上述得到的极芯4放入电池外壳5内，开口部由盖板密封而得到本发明锂离子二次电池，其中，正、负极片1、2的尺寸优选为正极片的尺寸大小相同，负极片的尺寸大小相同的情况，在正负极材料、极片厚度和电池外壳尺寸均分别相同的情况下，采用本发明电池的极芯结构，对电池外壳的空间利用率比传统的卷绕方式的锂离子二次电池大，具有更高的能量密度，可以提高电池容量。
电池在使用过程中，正、负极发生膨胀，对于相同容量和相同外形尺寸的电池，采用本发明电池的结构，提高电池内部的空间利用率，可以使电池内部的电解液分布更加均匀，可以减小极芯内部应力的产生，从而可以提高电池的自放电性能、安全性能和循环性能。
正、负极1、2均设有引出端子作为正、负极集流体6、7，优选情况是正、负极的集流体为正、负极基体延伸出来的细颈部分，正、负极片中集流体的位置分别重叠，并与电池的正、负极端相连接，可以降低电池内阻，从而改善锂离子二次电池的大电流放电性能。
电池外壳5中至少设有一组极芯4，如图5所示，电池外壳5中设有三组极芯3，其中，正、负极集流体分别层叠布置，与电池的正、负极相连接(图中未示出)。
【实施例】
本发明锂离子二次电池的制作：按现有技术制得型号为LP063450的叠层卷绕式锂离子二次电池，如图1所示，与现有技术不同的是：正、负极均为片状，如图3、4所示；正、负极依次排布于带状隔膜3的两面，隔膜3在电池外壳5中呈涡卷状而将正负极片相隔绝缘而形成极芯4，如图2所示。
【比较例】
按现有技术制得型号为LP063450的锂离子二次电池，其中，正、负极片和隔膜均为带状，卷绕形成如图6所示的极芯。
性能测试
1.电池容量测试：
对实施例及比较例的电池进行容量测试，按如下步骤：
(1)在20℃环境下，以1000mA恒流压充电，要求上限电压为4.2V，截止电流50mA，搁置5分钟；
(2)以1000mA恒流放电至3.0V，搁置5分钟，得到实施例及比较例的1C放电容量如表1所示；
表1
  1C放电容量(mAh)
实施例   1100
比较例   1020
2.电池循环性能测试：
对实施例及比较例的电池进行容量测试，按如下步骤：
(1)在20℃环境下，以1000mA恒流压充电，要求上限电压为4.2V，截止电流50mA，搁置5分钟；
(2)以1000mA恒流放电至3.0V，搁置5分钟；
(3)重复以上步骤500次，测得实施例及比较例的容量维持率如表2所示：
表2
  容量维持率(％)
实施例   82.4
比较例   73.2
3.电池的自放电性能测试：
对实施例及比较例的电池进行自放电性能测试，按如下步骤：
(1)在20℃环境下，以500mA恒流压充电，要求上限电压为3.8V，截止电流50mA，搁置5分钟，准确测量电池电压值；
(2)在20℃环境下，搁置28天，再次准确测量电池电压值，结果如表3所示：
表3
  初始电压(V)   28天后电压(V)   电压降低量(mV)
实施例   3.7895   3.7883   12
比较例   3.7883   3.7844   39
4.电池的安全性能测试：
对实施例及比较例的电池进行安全性能测试，按如下步骤：
(1)在20℃环境下，以1000mA恒流压充电，要求上限电压为4.2V，截止电流50mA，搁置5分钟；
(2)进行150℃炉热测试，结果如表4所示：
表4
  炉温(℃)   电池表面最高温度(℃)   现象
实施例   150   161   60分钟后无异常
比较例   150   187   32分钟后防爆口开启
5.电池的大电流放电性能测试：
大电流性能中，C3C/C0.5C：以3C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量与以0.5C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量的比值。
大电流性能中，C2C/C0.5C：以2C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量与以0.5C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量的比值。
大电流性能中，C1C/C0.5C：以1C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量与以0.5C的电流从4.2V放电至3.0V的放电容量的比值。
不同倍率电流放电性能测试结果如5表所示：
表5
    C1C/C0.5C(％)     C2C/C0.5C(％)     C3C/C0.5C(％)
实施例     99.7     97.6     90.2
比较例     99.5     94.4     74.0
从表1～5中可以看出，采用本发明结构的锂离子二次电池的大电流放电性能、自放电性能、安全性能、电池的循环性能和电池容量均优于传统结构的锂离子二次电池。

Claims (6)

1.一种锂离子二次电池，包括正极1、隔膜3、负极2以及非水电解液，收纳于电池外壳5中，开口部由盖板密封，其特征在于：
正极1是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的锂与过渡金属的复合氧化物为活性物质涂敷在铝箔基体表面而形成；
负极2是由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的碳材料为活性物质涂敷在铜箔基体表面而形成；
正、负极1、2均设有引出端子作为正、负极集流体6、7；
正、负极1、2以片状形式依次层叠排布于带状隔膜3的两面而形成极芯4，隔膜3在电池外壳5中呈涡卷状而将正、负极1、2相隔绝缘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池，其特征在于：所述的正、负极1、2中的集流体6、7分别层叠，并与电池的正、负极端相连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子二次电池，其特征在于：所述的极芯4中隔膜3的涡卷层数不超过6层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池，其特征在于：所述的正极集流体6为铝箔基体延伸出来的细颈部分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池，其特征在于：所述的负极集流体7为铜箔基体延伸出来的细颈部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池，其特征在于：所述的电池外壳5中至少设有一组极芯4。
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US10/918,580 US7771875B2 (en) 2003-08-15 2004-08-13 Positive electrodes for rechargeable batteries
US10/927,670 US20050048360A1 (en) 2003-09-01 2004-08-26 Cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery
US10/932,362 US20050048361A1 (en) 2003-09-01 2004-08-31 Stacked type lithium ion secondary batteries
US10/975,905 US7906233B2 (en) 2003-09-01 2004-10-27 Lithium ion secondary battery
EP04789884A EP1683226B1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Lithium ion secondary battery
DE602004030612T DE602004030612D1 (de) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Lithiumionen-sekundärbatterie
PCT/CN2004/001225 WO2005043667A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Lithium ion secondary battery
AT04789884T ATE492043T1 (de) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Lithiumionen-sekundärbatterie
KR1020067010253A KR20060096455A (ko) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 리튬이온 2차전지
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