CN1573069A - 分散剂粘度指数改进剂在排气再循环发动机中的应用 - Google Patents

分散剂粘度指数改进剂在排气再循环发动机中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1573069A
CN1573069A CNA2004100495759A CN200410049575A CN1573069A CN 1573069 A CN1573069 A CN 1573069A CN A2004100495759 A CNA2004100495759 A CN A2004100495759A CN 200410049575 A CN200410049575 A CN 200410049575A CN 1573069 A CN1573069 A CN 1573069A
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oil
motor
lubricant oil
viscosity index
olefin copolymer
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M·K·米斯拉
D·A·文豪斯
C·A·帕舒特
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Ethyl Corp
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Abstract

提供了烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂在冷却的排气再循环(EGR)发动机中用于降低或者消除油料稠化和淤渣生成的用途。还提供了具有通过严格的油粘度和排放标准的能力的润滑的冷却的EGR发动机。

Description

分散剂粘度指数改进剂 在排气再循环发动机中的应用
技术领域
本发明的一个实施方案涉及用润滑油润滑的冷却的排气再循环(也称为循环)发动机,所述润滑油包含分散剂粘度指数改进剂,该分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量和类型足以使由于增大的烟炱积累而导致的油料稠化得到可接受的降低。
背景技术
随着新颖的排气再循环或者循环(在下文中缩写为“EGR”)冷却的发动机、包括冷却的EGR发动机的出现,在常规润滑油处理增大的烟炱负载的能力方面已经产生了问题。这些新型的发动机还具有更严格的NOx排放量标准。已经注意到,在某些Mack和Detroit柴油机卡车的野外试验中,在冷却的EGR原型机中试验的发动机油具有不理想的过度的油料稠化,这是由烟炱产生的方式引起的。在润滑油中提高标准分散剂的处理率没有解决该问题。
本领域中有许多关于聚合物添加剂在润滑油组合物中的应用的公开。为了在润滑油组合物中提供功能性已经进一步衍生化的乙烯-丙烯和/或其他烯烃共聚物和乙烯-α-烯烃-非共轭二烯三元共聚物是这类油料添加剂的例子。
因此,需要的是用于冷却的EGR发动机中润滑油的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂,借助于该烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂能够使由于烟炱积累导致的油料稠化得到可接受地降低。还需要用包含这类分散剂粘度指数改进剂(“VII”)的润滑油润滑的冷却的EGR发动机。
发明内容
已经令人惊奇地发现,在冷却的EGR发动机中使用包含某些烯烃共聚物(“OCP”)分散剂VIIs的润滑油能够降低、防止或者最小化可能在冷却的EGR发动机中出现的不希望的油料稠化。“共聚物”在此是指和包括在其上已经接枝了烯属不饱和羧基反应物的乙烯和C3到C23α-烯烃以及任选地非共轭二烯或者三烯的共聚物或者三元共聚物。
在本发明范围内,冷却的EGR发动机包括汽车发动机、重型和轻型柴油和气油载重汽车发动机、气油燃烧发动机、柴油发动机、混合内燃/电力发动机。这些可以包括通过水、水/烃掺合物或者混合物、水/二醇混合物和/或空气或者气体循环或者换热进行冷却的EGR发动机。
许多专利教导了分散剂VII材料的制造和在发动机油制剂中的使用。这些专利包括,例如,美国专利6,107,257;5,182041;5,188,745;5,238,588;4,8636,623;5,075,383;6,107,258;5,556,923;和欧洲专利EP0922752;EP0909805;EP0491456;EP0510892;EP0338672;EP0396297;EP0549196;和EP0417904,所有这些全文在此引为参考。
因此,在一个实施方案中,本文提供了包含排气再循环系统的润滑的发动机,其中包含燃料在发动机中燃烧产生的烟炱的排出气体与用于润滑所述发动机的润滑油接触,其中所述润滑油包含:基础油和至少一种分散剂粘度指数改进剂,该分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量和类型足以降低润滑油的油料稠化的量。如此,由于甚至在烟炱水平为最高大约8.9%质量下,能够保持大约20.0或以下的运动粘度,因此润滑油在Mack T-11 EGR装备的柴油机试验中能够通过。
应当理解,上述一般说明及以下详细说明两者均仅仅是示例性的和解释性的,其用以为要求保护的本发明提供进一步的解释。
实施方案的详细说明
在一个实施方案中,本文提供了用润滑油润滑的EGR发动机,该润滑油尤其包含粘度—控制量的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物,该烯烃共聚物包括以下物质的反应产物:(1)酰化的烯烃共聚物,其中该酰化的共聚物包括乙烯和C3到C23α-烯烃和任选地非共轭二烯或者三烯的共聚物或者三元共聚物,在该共聚物或者三元共聚物上已经接枝了烯属不饱和羧基反应物,接枝水平为0.15到1.0羧基基团/1000数均分子量单位(Mn),和(2)选自以下的多胺化合物:
(a)由以下通式表示的N-芳基苯二胺:
其中,R1是氢、-NH-芳基、-NH-芳基烷基、-NH-烷基或者具有4到24个碳原子的支链或者直链基团,其可以是烷基、链烯基、烷氧基、芳烷基、烷芳基、羟烷基或者氨基烷基;R2是-NH2、CH2-(CH2)n-NH2、CH2-芳基-NH2,其中n具有1到10的值;和R3是氢、具有4到24个碳原子的烷基、链烯基、烷氧基、芳烷基、烷芳基;
(b)来自氨基噻唑、氨基苯并噻唑、氨基苯并-噻二唑和氨基烷基噻唑的氨基噻唑;
(c)由以下通式表示的氨基咔唑:
其中,R和R1表示氢或者具有1到14个碳原子的烷基、链烯基或者烷氧基基团;
(d)由以下通式表示的氨基吲哚:
其中R表示氢或者具有1到14个碳原子的烷基;
(e)由以下通式表示的氨基吡咯:
Figure A20041004957500063
其中,R是具有2-6个碳原子的二价亚烷基和R1是氢或者具有1到14个碳原子的烷基;
(f)由以下通式表示的氨基-吲唑酮(amino-indazolinone):
Figure A20041004957500071
其中,R是氢或者具有1到14个碳原子的烷基;
(g)由以下通式表示的氨基巯基三唑:
Figure A20041004957500072
其中R可以不存在或者是选自烷基、链烯基、芳基烷基或者芳基的C1-C10直链或支链烃;
(h)和由以下通式表示的氨基萘嵌间二氮杂苯:
Figure A20041004957500073
其中,R表示氢或者具有1到14个碳原子的烷基或者烷氧基;
(i)氨基烷基咪唑,例如1-(2-氨乙基)咪唑、1-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑;和
(j)氨基烷基吗啉,例如4-(3-氨基丙基)吗啉。
本文描述的新颖的润滑的冷却的EGR发动机包含润滑组合物,该润滑组合物包含具有润滑粘度的油和如上所述的分散剂VII有效量的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物分散剂。
在一个实施方案中,本文使用的聚合物可以包括乙烯和一种或多种C3到C23α-烯烃的共聚物。乙烯和丙烯的共聚物是非常有效的。适合于代替丙烯用于形成共聚物或者与乙烯和丙烯结合使用用于形成三元共聚物的其他α-烯烃包括:1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯;α,ω-二烯烃例如1,5-己二烯、1,6-庚二烯、1,7-辛二烯;支链α-烯烃例如4-甲基丁烯-1、5-甲基戊烯-1和6-甲基庚烯-1;及其混合物。
更复杂的聚合物基质,通常被称为共聚体,可以在制备分散剂中使用第三组分来制备,该分散剂用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的油。通常用于制备共聚体基质的第三组分是选自非共轭二烯和三烯的多烯单体。非共轭二烯组分是在链中具有5到14个碳原子的那种。在一个实施方案中,二烯烃单体的特征为在其结构中存在乙烯基基团,并且可以包括环状的和二环的化合物。代表性的二烯烃包括1,4-己二烯、1,4-环己二烯、双环戊二烯、5-乙叉基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯、1,5-庚二烯和1,6-辛二烯。在制备共聚体中可以使用多于一种二烯烃的混合物。在另一个实施方案中,用于制备三元共聚物或者共聚体基质的非共轭二烯是1,4-己二烯。
三烯组分将具有至少两个非共轭双键和在链中最多大约30个碳原子。可用于制备本发明的共聚体的典型的三烯是1-异丙叉基-3α,4,7,7α-四氢化茚、1-异丙叉基双环戊二烯、二氢-异双环戊二烯和2-(2-亚甲基-4-甲基-3-戊烯基)[2.2.1]双环-5-庚烯。
乙烯-丙烯或者高级α-烯烃共聚物可以由以下组成:大约15到80摩尔百分数的乙烯和大约85到20摩尔百分数的C3到C23α-烯烃,摩尔比为大约35到75摩尔百分数的乙烯和大约65到25摩尔百分数的C3到C23α-烯烃。在另一个实施方案中,该比例为50到70摩尔百分数的乙烯和50到30摩尔百分数的C3到C23α-烯烃。在另一个实施例中,该比例为55到65摩尔百分数的乙烯和45到35摩尔百分数的C3到C23α-烯烃。
上述聚合物的三元共聚物变体可以包含大约0.1到10摩尔百分数的非共轭二烯或者三烯。
在此可以作为用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的油中的分散剂粘度指数改进剂的聚合物使用的还包括选自以下的聚合物:聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯/丙烯共聚物、聚异戊二烯或者饱和的聚异戊二烯和聚异戊二烯/饱和的聚异戊二烯共聚物。
聚合物基质,即乙烯共聚物或者三元共聚物,可以是可溶于油的、直链或支链聚合物,其数均分子量为大约20,000到150,000,该数均分子量通过凝胶渗透色谱和普适校正标准化方法测定,数均分子量范围为30,000到110,000。
术语聚合物和共聚物一般地用来包括乙烯共聚物、三元共聚物或者共聚体。这些材料可以包含少量的其他烯烃单体,只要乙烯共聚物的基本特点没有被实质上改变。
用于形成乙烯-烯烃共聚物基质的聚合反应通常在常规的Ziegler-Natta或者茂金属催化剂体系存在下进行。聚合介质不是特殊的,并且可以包括溶液、浆液或者气相方法,正如本领域技术人员已知的。当使用溶液聚合时,溶剂可以是任何适合的惰性的烃熔剂,其在用于聚合α-烯烃的反应条件下为液体;满意的烃溶剂的例子包括具有5到8个碳原子的直链烷烃,己烷是优选的。芳香族烃,优选具有单一苯核的芳香族烃,例如苯、甲苯等等;和沸点范围接近上述直链石蜡烃和芳香族烃的饱和环烃,是尤其适合的。选择的溶剂可以是一种或多种上述烃的混合物。当使用浆液聚合时,用于聚合的液相优选是液体丙烯。希望的是聚合介质不含有将干扰催化剂组分的物质。
接下来,烯属不饱和羧酸物质被接枝到规定的聚合物主链上,形成酰化的乙烯共聚物。适合于接枝到乙烯共聚物上的这些羧基反应物包含至少一个烯键和至少一个、优选两个羧酸或者其酸酐基团或者通过氧化或者水解能转变为所述羧基基团的极性基团。在一个实施方案中,羧基反应物选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、肉桂酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸和衣康酸反应物。做为选择,羧基反应物选自马来酸、富马酸、马来酸酐或者这些的两种或多种的混合物。马来酸酐或者其衍生物具有工业可得性和易于反应的优点。在不饱和乙烯共聚物或者三元共聚物情况下,衣康酸或者其酸酐是有用的,因为其降低在自由基接枝方法期间形成交联结构的倾向。
烯属不饱和羧酸材料典型地可以为接枝聚合物提供一个或二个羧基基团/摩尔反应物。即,甲基丙烯酸甲酯可以为接枝聚合物提供一个羧基基团/每分子,而马来酸酐可以为接枝聚合物提供两个羧基基团/分子。
在一个实施方案中,羧基反应物以如下的量被接枝到规定的聚合物主链上,该量提供0.15到1.0羧基基团/聚合物主链的1000数均分子量单位、优选0.3到0.5羧基基团/1000数均分子量。例如,Mn为20,000的共聚物基质用6到10个羧基基团/聚合物链或者3到5摩尔马来酸酐/摩尔聚合物接枝。Mn为100,000的共聚物用30到50羧基基团/聚合物链或者15到25摩尔马来酸酐/聚合物链接枝。官能团的最低水平是在润滑的冷却的EGR发动机中达到最低满意的分散性性能所需要的水平。
形成酰化的烯烃共聚物的接枝反应通常借助于自由基引发剂进行,可以在溶液中或者在本体中进行,如在挤出机或者强烈混合装置中进行。当聚合在己烷溶液中进行时,经济方便的(但不是本文所要求的)是如美国专利4,340,689、4,670,515和4,948,842所描述的在己烷中进行接枝反应,所述专利在此引为参考。得到的聚合物中间体的特征是在其结构内具有无规分布的羧酸酰化官能团。
本发明的用于润滑冷却的EGR发动机的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物分散剂VIIs可以任何方便的方式引入润滑油中。因此,高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物可以通过将其以希望的浓度水平分散或者溶解在润滑油中而直接加入润滑油。这类向润滑油中进行的掺混可以在室温下进行或者在升高的温度下进行。做为选择,高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物可以与适合的可溶于油的溶剂/稀释剂(例如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、润滑基础油和石油馏分)共混,以形成浓缩液,然后将浓缩液与润滑油共混以获得最后的制剂。这类添加剂浓缩液典型地包含(基于活性成分(A.I.))大约3到大约45重量%和通常大约10到大约35重量%的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物添加剂,和更通常基于浓缩液重量为大约40到60重量%的基础油
本发明的可用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的润滑油的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物产品主要用于润滑油组合物,其使用其中溶解或者分散有添加剂的基础油。这类基础油可以是天然的、合成的或者其混合物。适用于制备本发明的润滑油组合物的基础油包括通常用作曲轴箱润滑油用于火花—点火和压缩—点火内燃机的那些,所述内燃机例如是汽车和载重汽车发动机、船舶和铁路柴油发动机等等。
在制备润滑油制剂中,通常的做法是以在烃油、例如矿物润滑油或者其他适合的溶剂中的10到80重量%的活性成分浓缩液的形式引入添加剂。在形成最终润滑剂、例如曲轴箱马达油中,通常这些浓缩液可以用3到100、例如5到40重量份的润滑油/重量份的添加剂包装来稀释。当然,浓缩液的目的是减小各种材料的处理难度和促进在最终共混物中形成溶液或者分散体。因此,高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII通常以例如在润滑油级分中的10到50重量%的浓缩液的形式使用。
在冷却的EGR发动机中润滑油中的分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量可以为大约20重量%到大约18重量%。
本发明的用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的油的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物分散剂VIIs通常以与润滑油(tube oil)基础原料的混合物形式使用,所述基础原料包含具有润滑粘度的油,包括天然的润滑油、合成的润滑油及其混合物。天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油)、液体石油油类和氢气精制的、溶剂—处理的或者酸处理的矿物润滑油,包括链烷、环烷和混合链烷—环烷的类型。来源于煤或者页岩的具有润滑粘度的油也是有用的基础油。用于本发明中的合成的润滑油包括任何一种普通使用的合成烃油类,其包括,但是不局限于,聚α-烯烃,烷基化的芳族化合物,烯化氧聚合物、共聚体、共聚物和其衍生物,其中末端羟基基团已经通过酯化、醚化等等改性,二羧酸的酯和硅基油类。
本发明进一步涉及改进具有冷却的EGR发动机的车辆的燃料经济性和燃料经济性持久性的方法,其中所述方法包括在车辆的曲轴箱中加入和使用包含本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的润滑油组合物。
还提供了同时通过M-11 EGR和T-10试验(C1-4油类的ASTM D4485分类,D02.B0C1-4Ballot)和Mack T-11试验的方法,这些试验是冷却的EGR发动机。所述方法包括在车辆的曲轴箱中加入和使用包含上述烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的润滑油组合物。
本发明的用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的油的高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物可以进行后处理,以便获得对于特殊的润滑剂应用所必需的或者希望的附加性能。后处理技术是本领域中众所周知的,并且包括硼化、磷酸化和马来酸化(maleina tion)。
在本文的另一个实施方案中,EGR发动机用进一步包含添加剂的润滑油润滑,所述添加剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、摩擦调节剂、抗氧剂、消泡剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、极压试剂、清洁剂和倾点降低剂。
因此,在另一个实施方案中,EGR发动机用包含高度接枝的、多官能的烯烃共聚物粘度调节剂的油润滑,所述粘度调节剂也称为粘度指数改进剂,其包括酰化的烯烃共聚物和多胺的反应产物,其中酰化的烯烃共聚物包括在其上接枝了0.15到1.0羧基基团/1000数均分子量单位的烯烃共聚物的烯烃共聚物,和其中烯烃共聚物具有10,000到150,000的数均分子量。
在另一个重要的实施方案中,本发明的润滑的冷却的EGR发动机可以令人惊奇地通过M-11 EGR十字头磨损和分散性试验,T-10试验,和Mack T-11试验(装备了EGR的柴油发动机)。包含某些已知分散剂(包括Ethyl的HiTEC5772分散剂)和非分散剂VIIs的常规的润滑油,在冷却的EGR发动机中,一直不能通过所有这些试验。本文公开的分散剂VIIs,其可用于冷却的EGR发动机中的润滑油,可以与其他分散剂联合使用。表I显示了当用于润滑Cummins冷却的EGR发动机时,在250小时之后,单独的HiTEC5777,HiTEC5777加HiTEC5772,和单独的HiTEC5772的情况。
表I
0.1    wt.%H5777     %活性     wt.%H5772      %活性     油粘度
1      5.0            1.41       0               0          25.04
2      4.5            1.27       4.0             0.76       27.03
3      3.1            0.87       3.7             0.70       33.28
4      0              0          5.35            1.01       66.73
使用的15W-40油的粘度在100℃下测定。表I清楚地说明,HiTEC5777分散剂控制粘度提高,而使用分散剂粘度调节剂HiTEC5772不能(较高的粘度:66.73)。
在另一个实施方案中,在Mack T-11试验中,润滑的发动机达到在100℃下和在最高6.0%m的烟炱水平下低于10cSt的粘度提高。
本文另一个实施方案提供了润滑的EGR发动机,其中润滑油通过了Mack T-11试验,在Mack T-11试验中在100℃下在最高6.09%m的烟炱水平下粘度提高低于8cSt。
本文进一步提供了润滑的EGR发动机,其中润滑油在Mack T-11试验中在100℃下和最高6.0%m烟炱下具有低于10cSt的粘度提高。
众所周知,硬烟炱颗粒引起气门组系、环和缸套的磨损。包含本文定义的烯烃共聚物分散剂VIIs的厚润滑油膜可以显著地和令人惊奇地降低磨损。具有良好的M-11试验性能的油形成厚边界膜,在高频往复台架(HFRR)试验中,在2000秒之后提供80到大约95的膜层阻力百分率值。
EGR试验结果显示,本实施方案中的烟炱增稠优于T-8E试验中的结果。包含本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的润滑油已经成功地在来自Cat,Mack,Cummins,Volvo和Detroit Diesel的冷却的EGR发动机中进行了试验。因此,本文另一个实施方案提供了一种润滑油在包括冷却的排气再循环系统的内燃机中的用途,所述润滑油包括基础油和至少一种烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂,该至少一种烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量足以降低润滑油的烟炱—引起的油料稠化的量。
包含本文定义的烯烃共聚物分散剂VIIs的润滑油膜在Mack T-11试验中提供了优异的性能,降低了高温和低温增稠两者,给出了优越的油泥性能,并且给出了优越的针对烟炱的磨损保护性。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了使装备有排气再循环发动机的车辆中的油排放之间的使用时间延长高达大约60,000英里的方法,该方法包括在发动机的润滑油中加入本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII。
包含本文教导的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的油,当用于冷却的EGR发动机时,还具有以下优点:在产生油膜强度和降低磨损方面是优异的;低的处理率,例如,对于15W-40为8.5%重量(~9.5%体积);强的油泥抑制性能;在EGR发动机中提供优越的性能;良好的剪切稳定性,持久性和HTHS;用于烟炱处理的优异的分散性和改进的磨损保护性;允许较低的添加剂处理率;以及相对于不包含本文教导的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的油的低温粘度性能,具有优异的使用过的油的低温粘度性能。
图1说明,通过在冷却的EGR发动机中使用包含本文描述的烯烃分散剂共聚物VII的润滑油,在高烟炱负载情况下,该油的100℃下的运动粘度不迅速地提高,而工业标准参考油的运动粘度在烟炱负载水平超过4%时迅速地提高。图1显示了使用组I和组II基础油的润滑油的粘度。
用于添加到冷却的EGR发动机的润滑油中的尤其有用的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII是HiTEC5777分散剂,该分散剂可得自EthylCorporation,Richmond,Virginia。
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的各个方面,但是不限制本发明的范围。
图2说明了在包含烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂、Ethyl的HiTEC5777分散添加剂的润滑油中烟炱重量百分数的提高对在25℃下测定的粘度的影响。该图显示了在该低温Mack T-SE试验中组I和组II基础油的曲线。在该例证中,添加剂HiTEC5777允许低温粘度保持低于15W极限,直到组I基础油中烟炱负载超过6%,和组II基础油中烟炱超过9%。
图3说明了在用于测试由烟炱负载所引起的粘度变化的普通的延长的T-8E测试中,标记为C1-4D1的包含HiTEC5777的润滑油与标准参考油CH-4在冷却的EGR发动机中的性能。很明显,在冷却的EGR发动机中使用本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII,显著地限制了粘度在较高的烟炱水平下的提高。
附图说明
图1是Mack T-11测试结果,显示了Mack T-11中的粘度增大。
图2是HiTEC5777延长的T-8E试验,显示了Mack T-8E中烟炱对低温粘度的影响。
图3是延长的T-8E试验,显示了具有HiTEC5777的Ethyl C1-4D1与CH-4油的对比。
具体实施方式
实施例:
实施例I
在本文的一个实施方案的实施例中,冷却的EGR发动机用包含按照以下所述制备的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的油润滑:酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物通过在溶剂存在下以自由基方式将马来酸酐接枝到乙烯-丙烯共聚物主链上来制备。酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物具有的数均分子量为大约40,000,通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定。所用的反应条件以及马来酸酐和乙烯-丙烯共聚物的摩尔比使得7.2分子的马来酸酐被接枝到烯烃共聚物主链上。这相当于每1000Mn的聚合物主链有0.36个羧基基团(即,2×7.2=14.4羧基基团/40,000Mn=0.36羧基基团/1000Mn)形成酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物。酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物与N-苯基-1,4-苯二胺(NPPDA)在表面活性剂存在下、在160℃下反应大约六个小时。将NPPDA以理论上足以与所有接枝的羧基基团反应的量加入。
实施例II
在另一个实施例中,冷却的EGR发动机用包含按照如下所述制备的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII的油润滑:用和实施例1中一样的方法制备实施例II的高度接枝的、多官能的粘度调节剂。然而,加入足够量的马来酸酐,使得14.2分子的马来酸酐被接枝到烯烃共聚物主链上。这相当于每1000Mn的聚合物主链有0.71个羧基基团(即,2×14.2=28.4羧基基团/40,000Mn=0.71羧基基团/1000Mn)形成酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物。酰化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物与N-苯基-1,4-苯二胺(NPPDA)在表面活性剂存在下、在160℃下反应大约六个小时。将NPPDA以理论上足以与所有接枝的羧基基团反应的量加入。
已经注意到,在用于冷却EGR发动机的润滑油中使用某些分散剂聚合物和共聚物没有防止严重的油料稠化,这不同于本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂VII用于用来润滑冷却的EGR发动机的油的情况。
在本文的某些实施方案中,烯烃共聚物分散剂VII可以2重量百分数到大约18重量百分数的量存在于冷却的EGR发动机的润滑油中。活性物质为0.55到10.0%m。
根据本文公开的关于本发明的描述和实施,本发明的其他实施方案对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当认为,说明书和实施例仅仅是示例性的,本发明的真正的范围和精神由以下权利要求限定。本发明在实施中可以有许多变化。因此,本发明不局限于在上文中提出的特殊的例证。相反,本发明处在所附权利要求的精神和范围内,包括其在法律意义上的同等物。
专利权人不打算将任何公开的实施方案奉献给公众,并且因此任何公开的改变或者变化,字面上可以不在权利要求的范围内,在同等物原则下也被认为是本发明的一部分。

Claims (9)

1.一种润滑的发动机,其包括排气再循环系统,其中包含燃料在发动机中燃烧产生的烟炱的排出气体接触用于润滑所述发动机的润滑油,其中所述润滑油包括:基础油和至少一种分散剂粘度指数改进剂,该至少一种分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量足以降低润滑油的油料稠化的量。
2.润滑油在包括冷却的排气再循环系统的内燃机中的用途,所述润滑油包含基础油和至少一种烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂,该至少一种烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂的量足以降低烟炱引起的润滑油的油料稠化的量。
3.一种降低烟炱引起的润滑油的稠化的方法,其中该润滑油用于润滑冷却的排气再循环发动机,其中烟炱在润滑油中积累,所述方法包括用包含基础油和足够量的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂的润滑油润滑所述发动机。
4.一种用于改进具有冷却的排气再循环发动机的车辆的燃料经济性的方法,其中所述方法包括在所述车辆的曲轴箱中加入和使用润滑油组合物,其包含足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂。
5.一种用于改进具有冷却的排气再循环发动机的车辆的燃料经济性持久性的方法,其中所述方法包括在所述车辆的曲轴箱中加入和使用润滑油组合物,其包含足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂。
6.一种用于同时通过M-11 EGR试验、T-10试验(API C1-4油类的ASTM D4485分类)和在冷却的EGR发动机中的Mack T-11的方法,所述方法包括在发动机的曲轴箱中加入和使用润滑油组合物,其包含足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂。
7.一种在具有冷却的EGR发动机的车辆中提供优越的油泥性能的方法,所述方法包括在车辆的曲轴箱中加入和使用润滑油组合物,其包含足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂,借此在冷却的EGR发动机中,油泥性能优于没有本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂的油的油泥性能。
8.一种在装备有冷却的EGR发动机的车辆中提供优越的针对烟炱的磨擦保护的方法,所述方法包括在发动机的曲轴箱中加入和使用润滑油组合物,其包含足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂,借此针对烟炱的磨擦保护优于在用不含本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂的油润滑的冷却的EGR发动机中针对烟炱的磨擦保护。
9.一种将装备有排气再循环发动机的车辆的油排放之间的使用时间延长到最多大约60,000英里的方法,包括在发动机的润滑油中加入足够量的本文描述的烯烃共聚物分散剂粘度指数改进剂。
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CN103183782A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-03 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种抗磨分散型聚合物及其制备方法
CN103864993A (zh) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-18 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种分散型乙丙共聚物及其制备方法
CN103864993B (zh) * 2012-12-10 2016-08-03 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种分散型乙丙共聚物及其制备方法
CN110194984A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-03 雅富顿化学公司 具有烟尘处理特性的接枝聚合物
CN110194984B (zh) * 2018-02-27 2022-09-23 雅富顿化学公司 具有烟尘处理特性的接枝聚合物

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CA2464895A1 (en) 2004-12-18
EP1489281A3 (en) 2007-03-07
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US20040259742A1 (en) 2004-12-23

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