CN1527371A - 光电子元件与用于制造的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种带有一个接收辐射或发射辐射的半导体芯片(1)的光电子元件,此半导体芯片是固定在一个管座件(4)旁或管座件(4)上的,并且与用于元件电气接点接通的,由一种导电接头材料制的至少两个电极接头(2,3)相连接的。这些电极接头(2,3)是通过一个析出在管座件(4)的这些外表面上的薄镀层构成的,通过电镀析出镀覆上此镀层,并且用激光蚀刻结构化此镀层。
Description
本发明涉及带有一种接收幅射或发射幅射半导体芯片的一种光电子元件,此半导体芯片是固定在管座件旁或管座件上的,并且是与用于元件电气接点接通的,至少两个由导电接头材料制的电极接头连接的,并且本发明此外还涉及用于制造一种这样的光电子元件的一种方法。
这类光电子半导体元件以批量数目生产,并且用作为光信号或光能转变为电信号或电能或者反过来的转换器。幅射接收器或者幅射敏感元件例如是光敏二极管或光敏晶体管。发射(可见)光的二极管(LED)和发射红外线的二极管(IRED)属于这些发射器或发射出幅射的元件。合理地以晶片组合制造这些光电子元件,并且在制成之后以直角六面体形芯片的形式从此晶片组合中单个分出这些光电子元件。然后将这些制成的半导体芯片按使用目的不同固定在一个合适的载体上,接点接通和着床于一个由透明合成材料制的包封中。除了半导体芯片用的防护和各接点导线外,在芯片中或芯片上改善幅射输入耦合或幅射输出耦合的功能除此之外也归于此合成材料包封。
除了众所周知的,具有一个塑料壳体的和向一侧探出的各长形电极接头的,各径向结构形式外,尤其是适合于表面安装的,各发光二极管的结构形式也是已知的,在这些结构形式上安排了一种所谓的引线框架作为半导体芯片用的预制载体部件,并且这些电极接头是构成为从此塑体壳体侧面引出的和折弯的细腿的。在制造这样的用于表面安装的各种LED时,用一种耐高温热塑性塑料周体喷涂一种无极冲剪成的导线带。在一种其它的方法技术上,在浇注制作之后才将这些发光二极管装入一种适合于表面安装的支架中。
从DE3128187A1中已公开一种按权利要求1的前序部分的光电子元件,在此元件上安排了两个平面地置放在一个载体上的,与半导体本体连接的接头,这些接头从支承着半导体本体的载体外表面延伸到载体的至少一个其它外表面上,并且在那里形成一个接头接点面。
从DE19 21 124A1公开了一种带有一个固定在载体单元上半导体芯片的光电子转换器。此载体单元拥有一个芯片安装区,一个数目的接头件是分配给这个区的。这些接头件是配备了各电气接头面的,这些接头面规定一个平面,此平面距芯片安装区的距离是大于半导体芯片的最大高度,必要时包括针对芯片安装区的所有的接头导线和/或覆盖剂。
从Jap.J.Appl.Physics(应用物理学),27册,1988,L1764-L1767页公开了一种方法,在此方法上通过化学地和无外界电流作用地从一种液体中的析出,用一种铜的薄镀层覆盖一个绝缘的基片(“无电镀覆”)。然后借助照相平板法选择性地蚀刻此铜镀层,在此析出和结构化一个掩模层,由此显示出镀层的由掩模材料覆盖的和未覆盖的各区,并且通过蚀刻选择性地除去未由掩模层材料覆盖的各区。
本发明的任务在于,说明一种光电子元件,尤其一种SMT光元件(SMT=Surface Mounted Technologie表面安装工艺技术)和用于其制造的一种方法,这种方法在继续减小的元件结构尺寸上,尤其在大的件数时,也在各种各样的结构形式上,使得一种成本有利的制造成为可能。
由按权利要求1的一种光电子元件和按权利要求5的,用于制造光电子元件的一种方法解决此任务。
按本发明的元件,其特征在于,这些电极接头是由一个析出在管座件各外表面上的一个薄镀层构成的。
在一种第一安排上,按本发明的用于制造光电子元件的方法,其特征在于,通过尤其是化学地和无外界电流作用地从一种液体的析出,用此导电接头材料制的一个薄镀层覆盖此管座件,结构化此管座件的薄镀层和在此制作此镀层的,各单个的,电气上相互绝缘的区,在此薄镀层的按此所制作各区的几个预定的区上,在外电流作用下通过电镀析出,选择性地析出由一种辅助材料制的一个其它的薄层,由此加强了此镀层的这些预定区的层厚,并且通过蚀刻选择性地除去管座件镀层的这些未加强区。
一种其它的按本发明的方法,其特征在于未通过尤其是化学地和无外界电流作用地从一种液体的析出,用一种导电接头材料制的一个薄镀层覆盖此管座件,在此薄的管座件镀层上析出一个掩模层,结构化此掩模层,由此显示此管座件镀层的由掩模材料覆盖的和未覆盖的各区,并且通过蚀刻选择性地除去这些未由此掩模层材料覆盖的区。
用本发明达到的这些优点尤其在于,通过采用一个预制的合成材料管座件,尤其是合成材料注塑件,可以以较小的各结构高度,以低得多的制造费用生产用于表面安装工艺技术(SMT)的各光敏元件,在这种合成材料注塑件上以一种结构化的镀层技术置放用于元件电气接点接通的各电极接头。基于一种灵活的过程控制,本发明使得极其各种各样的结构形式和电极接头形式的制造成为可能。以同样费用有利的和简单的方式是可能以组合,所谓的阵列制造多个元件的。仅用一种管座件可以覆盖宽广的,各种元件变型的品种范围。例如在一个LED上作为元件,此管座件在它的造型设计上是比带有引线框架或带冲压反光镜的常规LED载体简单得多。
从这些从属权利要求产生本发明的其它各种合理性。
用图进一步叙述本发明优先的各实施例。
图1展示发光二极管形式的,一种制成光电子元件的一个示意剖面视图,此二极管带有表面安装用的透镜;
图2展示这些以板结合体制成LED的一个示意俯视图;
图3A至3C以各示意视图展示用于制作按本发明一个第一实施例的,管座件的,相继的各过程步骤;并且
图4A至4C以各示意视图展示用于制作按本发明一个第二实施例的管座件的,相继的各过程步骤。
图1中一个荧光发光二极管或发光二极管(LED)是作为按本发明光电子元件的实施例表示的。此LED拥有一个半导体芯片1作为幅射发射元件。作为芯片载体的管座件4是在其各外表面的预定各段上用由导电接头材料制的两个电极接头2,3镀层的。此材料尤其具有铜。在此其中之一电极接头2的导电面从面向半导体芯片1的管座件4上侧面上的一个段5出发,经过边缘侧的各段6延伸至管座件4下侧面上的各段7。第二电极接头3的面相应地在管座件4的另一侧上,从一个段8经过边缘侧的各段9延伸至管座件4下侧面上的各段10。此半导体芯片1在电极接头2的段5上合理地是用一种合适的导电粘结剂固定的。经过一根压焊细丝11进行芯片1与第二电极头3的接点接通。透明合成材料制的一个透镜件12是成型在管座件4上的。此管座件4可以具有一个加工进去的铜制热漏极13。
合理地在一个工序中同时制作多个带有各电极接头的光电子元件或管座件。图2展示一种为此目的以压铸法预制的,由一种合适的高温热塑材料制的板状载体本体14,此载体本体是配备以介于以后通往各单个管座件4之间的各开口15的,一方面用于输送载体14的一个运输工具和另一方面用于将各元件分成单个的一个分离工具可以作用在这些开口上。在这些管座件的板状载体本体14中首先制作这些电极接头2,3,这些电极接头用作为芯片安装用的和表面安装(SMT)的元件电气接点接通用的印制导线。按一个用各图3A至3C在后面叙述的第一实施例或者用一个在各图4A至4C中叙述的第二实施例进行各电极接头的制作。
在带有各电极接头2,3的管座件4制成之后,压焊还在本体14的组合中的半导体芯片1和接点接通此接头细丝11。在需要时此管座件是具有这样性能的,也可在每个构件上安装多个半导体芯片,在此情况下通常需要多于两个电极接头。紧随其后装上透镜12。这可以在采用一种合适构成的模型板情况下进行,模型板的各种模型形成这些透镜体,并且可使此模型板对准芯片载体组合体。例如用环氧树脂充填这些单个的模型,将芯片载体基片面向下地对中于此模型板。在各透镜用的环氧树脂固化后将基片脱模,在此有需要时还可后续固化这些环氧树脂透镜。紧随其后用一种锯的过程将配备有各透镜的芯片载体本体14分离成单个构件或者也分离成阵列。为了一种最佳的布线同样可以用锯削断开各电极接头2,3的“印制导线”。随后在采用一种自动机条件下可以测试和包装这些分成单个的元件或阵列。要么以所谓的带要么也以软箔管,尤其是在阵列的情况下,可以进行此包装。除此之外其它各种包装可以得到采用,例如用一种构件载体薄膜或者相同物。
虽然在此特别优先的实施形式上,此芯片载体本体14由一种合成材料组成,原则上也可采用一种金属板,为了电气绝缘此金属板要么是配备以各插入块的,要么是用一种合成材料薄膜覆层的。在此此载体本体14为了进一步降低制作费用也是构成为可重覆使用的构件的。
此外用于制作各透镜的模型板是这样构成的,使得这些单个透镜模型是互相连接的,并且在浇注各透镜时可进行浇注剂的水平补偿,以便保障一种准确的浇注高度。外加地是可以装上溢流存储室。在各透镜用的模型之间可以除此之外存在着脱模销钉用的各孔,以便使脱模成为可能或简化脱模。为了减少脱膜的紧张程度和提高精度,芯片载体本体14和模型板的各膨胀系数应该是尽可能好地匹配的,在此采用LCP材料(液晶聚合物)制的载体本体和金属制的模型板是合理的。
这些图3A至3C示意地展示用于制作处于组合中的,带有按本发明一个第一实施例各电极接头的,管座件4的相继过程步骤。按图3A,在一个第一步骤中通过从一种液体中的析出,用一种由导电接头材料,尤其是铜制的薄镀层16全面地镀覆此管座件4。化学地也就是无外界电流作用地进行这种析出。紧随其后在一种粒子射束或光线射束,尤其是激光射束的作用下进行管座件镀层16的结构化。在那些使用过激光射束的位置上,通过接头材料的蒸发产生延伸到管座件4材料的结构化沟槽17,这些结构化沟槽各自互相电气地绝缘接头材料16的各相邻区。在一个随此之后的工序中,按图3B选择性地在如此制作的各区18的几个预定区上,通过电镀析出,也就是在通过有关区18的外界电流作用下,覆上一个其它的,由一种尤其又是有铜的辅助材料制的薄层20。以此方式将此区18的层厚加厚了材料20层厚的值,而未施加电流的这些区19保持不变。紧随其后,按图3C通过湿化学的蚀刻能够完全除去管座件镀层的这些未加厚区19,在此在蚀刻之后,区20的层厚略为减小。
图4A至4C以相继的工序展示用于制作带有各电极接头2,3的各管座件4的一个第二实施例。在一个第一步骤中又是通过各化学途径,也就是无外界电流作用地全面地镀覆上一个薄的,由导电接头材料制的镀层16,在此在这些图4A至4C中出于明了表示的原因,仅仅表示了在管座件4的上侧面上的此镀层,并且免去了下侧面的详细表示。通过(化学地或者也通过电镀地)镀覆其它的材料16a可以加强此镀层16的厚度。接着是一个优先是化学的,带有一种例如由锡材料制的薄掩模层21的镀层。按图4B结构化此掩模层21,也即在粒子射束或光线射束,尤其是激光射束作用下。按图4C将掩模21的结构湿化学地转送到镀层16,16a上,也就是通过蚀刻选择性的除去未由掩模层21的材料覆盖的这些区。以此方式可以以比较小的制作费用制成这些平面的电极接头2和3的结构。
附图标识清单
1 半导体芯片
2,3 电极接头
4 管座件
5,6,7,8,9,10 各段
11 压焊细丝
12 透镜件
13 热漏极
14 载体本体
15 开口
16 镀层
17 结构化沟道
18,19,20 各区
21 掩模层
Claims (10)
1.生产具有一个接收辐射或发射辐射的半导体芯片(1)的光电子元件的方法,此半导体芯片是固定在管座件(4)旁或管座件(4)上,并且与用于元件电气接点接通的,由一种导电接头材料制成的至少两个电极接头(2,3)相连接,其特征在于,
-采用从一种液体中析出的导电接头材料制成的薄镀层(16,16a)涂敷所述管座件(4),
-在管座件薄层上沉积掩膜层(21),
-结构化掩膜层(21),由此显示出管座件镀层的掩膜材料覆盖的和未覆盖的区域,并且,
-通过刻蚀选择性地除去未由掩膜层材料覆盖的区域。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在微粒或光束的作用下,尤其在激光束的作用下将所述掩膜层(21)结构化。
3.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,通过化学湿刻蚀有选择性地除去管座件镀层的未经加强的或未覆盖的区域。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,用导电接头材料在管座件(4)上形成全面镀层(16)。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,管座件镀层的接头材料具有铜。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述管座件(4)由塑料构成,并且用压铸法预制而成。
7.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,掩膜层(21)的材料具有锡。
8.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,采用薄镀层(16)化学地且在没有外界电流作用下涂敷管座件。
9.具有一个接收辐射或发射辐射的半导体芯片(1)的光电子元件,所述半导体芯片是固定在管座件(4)旁或管座件(4)上,并且与用于元件电气接点接通的,由一种导电接头材料制成的至少两个电极接头(2,3)相连接,其特征在于,
-采用从一种液体中析出的导电接头材料制成的薄镀层(16)涂敷所述管座件(4),
-在管座件薄层上沉积掩膜层(21),
-结构化掩膜层(21),由此显示出管座件镀层的掩膜材料覆盖的和未覆盖的区域,并且,
-通过刻蚀选择性地除去未由掩膜层材料覆盖的区域,
10.按照权利要求9的光电子元件,其特征在于,采用薄层(16)化学地且在无外界电流作用下涂敷管座件(4)。
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- 1998-10-15 EP EP10179517.7A patent/EP2259349B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-15 EP EP98119536.5A patent/EP0911886B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1998-10-22 CN CNB2003101239492A patent/CN1267977C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP2259349B1 (de) | 2017-06-14 |
CN1166007C (zh) | 2004-09-08 |
EP2259349A3 (de) | 2011-01-26 |
JP3069082B2 (ja) | 2000-07-24 |
EP2259350A3 (de) | 2011-01-26 |
DE19746893A1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
DE19746893B4 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
CN1267977C (zh) | 2006-08-02 |
JPH11195794A (ja) | 1999-07-21 |
CN1216868A (zh) | 1999-05-19 |
US6645783B1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
EP2259350A2 (de) | 2010-12-08 |
EP0911886B1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
EP2259350B1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
EP0911886A2 (de) | 1999-04-28 |
EP2259349A2 (de) | 2010-12-08 |
EP0911886A3 (de) | 2000-09-27 |
TW396640B (en) | 2000-07-01 |
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