CN1517660A - 换热器 - Google Patents

换热器 Download PDF

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CN1517660A
CN1517660A CNA2003101161375A CN200310116137A CN1517660A CN 1517660 A CN1517660 A CN 1517660A CN A2003101161375 A CNA2003101161375 A CN A2003101161375A CN 200310116137 A CN200310116137 A CN 200310116137A CN 1517660 A CN1517660 A CN 1517660A
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heat exchanger
pipe
end plate
pipes
passage
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李将石
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/04—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05341—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions

Abstract

本发明公开了一种其端板由塑料制成的换热器，以使限定管子通道的调节板能自由成型。同样，不仅管子之间的通道，而且同一管子内的细管之间的通道也能形成。因此，完成最大换热效率的通道也就可以形成。另外，与铝质管子相比，通过运用塑料管子，形成更多更小直径的细管，提高了换热性能。以上制成的本发明的换热器与铝质换热器相比，最大能提高换热效率30％。

Description

换热器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热器，特别是一种通过优化管子和端板形状并在构成管子的细管之间形成冷却剂通道提高换热效率的换热器。
背景技术
现今，由于生活水平的提高，人们对空调器的需求正在稳步增长，因此，通常用于大型单位的空调器正广泛普及到家庭。
总言之，通过压缩步骤将低温低压气体冷却剂转变成高温高压气体冷却剂，通过冷凝步骤将高温高压气体冷却剂转变成中温高压液体冷却剂，通过膨胀步骤将中温高压液体冷却剂转变成低温低压液体冷却剂，然后通过蒸发步骤将低温低压液体冷却剂转变成低温低压气体冷却剂，这些空调器就实现了空气调节作用。
就完成这些步骤的详细装置而言，压缩步骤、冷凝步骤、膨胀步骤和蒸发步骤分别在压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器中进行。
此时，空调器是制冷器还是加热器取决于设备中冷凝器和蒸发器的安装位置位于室内还是位于室外。如果冷凝器位于室内，空调器就为加热器。如果蒸发器位于室内，空调器就是制冷器。
冷凝器和蒸发器一般由换热器组成。换热器是一种通过两种具有不同温度的流体直接或者间接接触置换热量的装置。
具体说，为达到换热的目的，换热器包括用于换热的之字形管子、用于增加换热效率并位于之字形管子之间的支杆(pin)以及向之字形管子供给气流的风扇。顺便提及，当需要小型空调器时，例如家庭使用，就使用铝质的小型换热器。在这种情况下，鉴于为铝质原料，在换热器中使用不同的结构。
更具体地说，铝质换热器包括用于产生气流的风扇，用作水流通道的板条形的管子，位于管子两端端部并用于形成管子之间水流通道的端板，以及插入端板中用于调节端板中通道的调节板。
此处，作为端板，通常使用圆柱形或者半圆柱形端板。圆柱形端板通过这种方式制造：管子插入孔以恒定间距形成，之后插入管子并将管子装配进管子插入孔。半圆柱形端板，分为用于插入管子的插入部分和用于覆盖插入部分的覆盖部分，它以这样的方式制造：将管子插入形成于插入部分的管子插入孔，然后与覆盖部分接合。
图1为传统换热器的结构。参照图1，如先前所述，传统换热器包括一个风扇利用旋转力来产生气流的10；由适当数量垂直分层的多个管子20，其中由风扇10产生气流引起热交换；由反复折叠的平板形成的多个支杆30，用于增加换热效率并且紧密地粘接到管子之间的管子20；位于管子20两端用于形成管子间水流通道的端板40；插入端板40中用于调节端板通道的调节板50。
当由风扇10产生的气流通过具有支杆的管子时，如上构造的换热器实现换热。特别是，通过将调节板50插入到端板内部的合适位置，这样冷却通道在垂直方向形成，就实现了高效换热。
然而，这种方法存在换热效率不充分的问题。
发明内容
因此，本发明牢记现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明的一个目的是提供一种通过在构成管子的细管之间和在管子之间形成冷却剂通道能够比传统的换热器更有效地实现换热的换热器，传统的换热器只在管子之间形成冷却剂通道。
为实现上述目标，本发明提供一种换热器，其包括多根管子，每根管子包括多个细管，以及能在同一管子内的细管之间和管子之间形成通道的端板。
优选地，所述多个管子中的每个都由塑料制成，这样就能形成多个细管。
优选地，所述端板由塑料制成，使得位于所述端板内的调节板就可以自由成型。因此，由于进入端板中的调节板的自由结构，就能够方便地在同一管子中的细管之间和管子之间形成通道。因此，为提高换热效率提供了便利。
附图说明
从下面结合附图的详细描述本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和其他优点将会更清楚地理解。其中：
图1为传统换热器结构示意图；
图2为本发明一优选实施例的换热器示意图；
图3为本发明另一优选实施例的换热器示意图；
图4为根据本发明使用塑料端板和管子的换热器和使用铝质端板和管子的传统换热器的换热性能比较的状态图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的优选实施例，附图中示出了其实例。
图2为本发明一优选实施例的换热器示意图。
参照图2，根据该优选实施例的换热器包括利用旋转力来产生气流的风扇10；由适当数量垂直分层的多个管子20，其中，由风扇10产生气流引起热交换；由反复折叠的平板形成的多个支杆130，用于增加换热效率并且紧密地粘接到管子之间的管子20上；位于管子20两端的端板140，以在同一管子内的细管之间以及管子20之间形成通道；插入端板140中用于调节端板通道的调节板150。
更具体地说，每根管子20都称之为一种采用长方形平行管的微管，而且由多个细管组成。细管数量一般为9根或者10根。细管如此分配的原因是由于铝太软，在管子的中间形成隔板以增加持久性。如此，与使用典型铜管的换热器相比，由于换热效率高而且要求较少的空间，铝质管子20适合于小型换热器。
另一方面，为进一步提高换热效率，铝质支杆30粘接在管子20之间。
端板140是连接到管子组20两端的部件，管子组20多层安装通过在端板140内中间部位合适地构造调节板150以在管子之间形成通道。
在这个实施例中，通过塑料加热熔化用塑料制造端板140能够自由地构造调节板150。
按传统，由于端板使用与管子一样的铝质材料，而且调节板安装成由于金属间的焊接问题，只在管子之间形成通道，通道的形成不能优化。然而，在此实施例中，由于调节板由塑料制造，优化通道形成是可能的。
参照图2，可以看到端板由调节板分隔为A，B，C，D四个区域。即是，在此实施例中，为了形成一个具有精确容量的通道，过去只在水平方向安装的调节板也在垂直方向安装。
在此实施例中，可以看到通道设置成冷却剂按照A，B，C和D顺序流动，而且在这个过程中，流入由同一管子中的细管成型的通道。
图3为本发明另一优选实施例的换热器的示意图。
参照图3，根据另一优选实施例的换热器包括一个利用旋转力来产生气流的风扇10；多个管子120，每个管子120包括按适当数量垂直分层的多个细管，其中，由于风扇10产生气流引起热交换；位于管子120两端并用于在同一管子的细管之间以及管子120之间形成通道的端板140；插入端板140中用于调节端板通道的调节板150。
此处，可以看到端板140与图2中的端板相同，但是管子120与图2中不同。
在此实施例中，鉴于采用塑料原料，由塑料制成的管子120与传统的铝质管子在结构上不同。
首先，在此实施例中没有支杆。原因是由于塑料的传热能力低，塑料支杆在此没有意义，相对应的是，由于铝具有高的传热能力，铝质支杆能向其粘接的管子传递热量。
其次，塑料细管的直径比铝质细管的直径小得多。因此，许多细管构成一个管子。
如果假定热阻为100％，其中冷却剂占了其中13％，管壁占了其中7％，空气占了其中80％，上述方法制成的塑料管子对提高在空气中完成的换热效率起到了重要作用，然而对在管壁完成的换热效率则有些放弃。这是由于塑料细管比铝质细管要细得多，因此，与铝质细管相比，在等宽条件下，可以形成更多细管。
因此，整体换热效率提高了，运用图2中描述的塑料端板140，能进一步提高其热效率。
图4为根据使用塑料端板和管子的换热器和使用铝质端板和管子的换热器的换热性能比较的状态图。从状态图可以看到在典型的气流0.5-0.8之间，换热性能提高了大约20-30％。
状态图中左边部分代表总的传热系数。总传热系数与温差的乘积为热容量，即，换热能力。温差为流入换热器的冷却剂与冷却空气用的冷却剂之间的温度差。
如上所述，根据本发明，换热器中的端板由塑料制造，使形成管子通道的调节板就能自由成型。同样，不仅管子之间的通道，而且同一管子内的细管之间的通道也能形成。因此，完成最大换热效率的通道也就可以形成。
另外，与铝质管子相比，通过运用塑料管子，形成更多更小直径的细管，提高了换热性能。
以上构造的本发明的换热器与铝质换热器相比，最大能提高换热效率30％。
虽然本发明的优选实施例在此由于说明性的原因做了披露，但是对本领域的一般技术人员来说，本发明的不同修正和变化都是显见的。因此所有落入权利要求与其等同物范围内的变化、修改和替换都将被本发明所覆盖。

Claims (9)

1.一种换热器，包括：
风扇，利用旋转力来产生气流；
多个管子，每个管子包括由适当数量垂直分层的多根细管，其中，由所述风扇产生气流引起热交换；
由反复折叠的平板形成的多个支杆，用于增加换热效率并且紧密地粘接在所述多个管子之间的所述多个管子上；
至少一个位于所述多个管子两端的端板，用于在同一管子的所述多个细管之间以及在所述多个管子之间形成通道；以及
插入所述至少一个端板中的调节板，用于调节所述至少一个端板的通道。
2.根据权利要求1的换热器，其特征在于所述多个管子的每一个都由塑性材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1的换热器，其特征在于所述多个支杆的每个由铝材制成。
4.根据权利要求1的换热器，其特征在于所述至少一个端板由塑性材料制成。
5.根据权利要求1的换热器，其特征在于所述至少一个端板包括不仅在水平方向而且在垂直方向安装的调节板，以便能够形成具有精确容量的通道。
6.一种换热器，包括：
风扇，利用旋转力来产生气流；
多个管子，每个管子包括由适当数量垂直分层的多个细管，其中，由所述风扇产生气流引起热交换；
至少一个位于所述多个管子两端的端板，用于在同一管子中所述多个细管之间以及在所述多个管子之间形成通道；以及
插入所述至少一个端板中的调节板，用于调节所述至少一个端板的通道。
7.根据权利要求6的换热器，其特征在于所述多个管子的每一个都由塑性材料制成。
8.根据权利要求6的换热器，其特征在于至少一个所述端板由塑性材料制成。
9.根据权利要求6的换热器，其特征在于至少一个所述端板包括不仅在水平方向而且在垂直方向安装的调节板，以便能够形成具有精确容量的通道。
CNA2003101161375A 2003-01-15 2003-11-17 换热器 Pending CN1517660A (zh)

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