CN1517526A - 废气净化系统 - Google Patents

废气净化系统 Download PDF

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CN1517526A
CN1517526A CNA2004100029453A CN200410002945A CN1517526A CN 1517526 A CN1517526 A CN 1517526A CN A2004100029453 A CNA2004100029453 A CN A2004100029453A CN 200410002945 A CN200410002945 A CN 200410002945A CN 1517526 A CN1517526 A CN 1517526A
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dpf
injection
waste gas
regeneration
filter
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�Ҳ���־
我部正志
田代欣久
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02PIGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/026Glow plug actuation during engine operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495Controlling the catalytic process
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    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/204Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using an exhaust gas igniter, e.g. a spark or glow plug, without introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402Multiple injections
    • F02D41/403Multiple injections with pilot injections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405Multiple injections with post injections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02Exhaust filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00Combination of silencers and other devices
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
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    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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    • F02PIGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • F02P5/1516Digital data processing using one central computing unit with means relating to exhaust gas recirculation, e.g. turbo
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种废气净化系统(1),在带有电热塞的柴油机(E)的排气通道(2)内具有连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器(3)、以及连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器(3)的再生控制装置,其特征在于:所述再生控制装置,通过控制对汽缸(13)内的燃料喷射来进行延迟喷射或二次喷射,并且,进行用电热塞加热汽缸内(13)的控制,以对上述连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器进行再生。这样,在连续再生型DPF(3)再生中废气升温时,能防止产生白烟和不点火,并且,能高效地大幅度提高废气温度。所以,能防止发生催化剂和DPF中的异常高温以及催化剂的劣化和熔损。

Description

废气净化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及在带有电热塞(glow plug)的柴油机中具有连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器(Diessel Particulate Filter)(以下简称DPF),对柴油机废气进行净化的废气净化系统。
背景技术
从柴油机排出的微颗状物质(以下简称PM)的排放量,以及NOx、CO和HC等的排放量的限制,逐年越来越严格。因此,随着日益加强限制,仅靠改进发动机已不能适应需要。于是开发了一种技术,即利用叫做DPF的过滤器来捕集发动机排放的PM,减少向外部排放的PM量。
直接捕集该PM的DPF有:陶瓷制的单体蜂窝状壁流式过滤器以及把陶瓷和金属制成纤维状的纤维型过滤器等。采用这些DPF的废气净化系统,和其他废气净化系统一样,设置在发动机的排气通道的途中,将发动机产生的废气进行净化后向外排出。
在DPF中,当过滤器捕集PM时,排气压力的上升与该捕集量成正比。因此,需要将捕集到的PM燃烧等加以除去,来对DPF进行再生。这种再生方法已提出了各种方案,例如电加热器加热型、喷烧器加热型和逆洗型(逆洗タィプ)等。
然而,在采用这些再生方法的情况下,接受从外部供给的能量来进行PM的燃烧,所以造成燃料消耗增加。并且,再生时很难进行控制。再者,需要交替进行PM捕集和PM燃烧(DPF再生)的双系统的DPF系统,所以系统很复杂。
为了解决该问题,提出了这样的技术方案,即利用氧化催化剂,降低PM的氧化温度,不用接受外部能量,利用发动机的排气热来氧化PM,对DPF进行再生。在此情况下,DPF再生基本上是连续进行的,所以称为连续再生型DPF(柴油微粒过滤器)系统。这些系统的优点是变成了更加简化的一个系统的DPF系统,再生控制也简化了。
图6作为一例示出NO2再生型DPF系统1X。该NO2再生型DPF系统1X是利用NO2(二氧化氮)氧化PM,对DPF进行再生的系统。在该系统1X中,把氧化催化剂3Aa布置在通常的壁流式过滤器3Ab的上流,对废气中的NO(一氧化氮)进行氧化。所以,经过氧化催化剂3Aa的之后的废气中的NOx几乎都变成NO2。在该NO2中,将在下流侧的过滤器3Ab中被捕集的PM氧化成CO2(二氧化碳),除去PM。该NO2由于能量垒小于O2(氧),所以能降低PM氧化温度(DPF再生温度)。因此,不从外部供给能量,即可用废气中的热能来连续进行PM燃烧。
此外,图6的E是柴油机,2是排气通道,4是燃料泵系统,5是电子控制箱,7是电池,8是消音器,9是燃料箱。
并且,在图7中示出图6的NO2再生型DPF系统的改进系统1Y。该改良系统1Y,在壁流式过滤器3B的多孔性壁面30上,涂敷了氧化催化剂32A的多孔性催化剂涂层31。并且,在壁流式过滤器3B的壁表面上,进行NO的氧化以及用由此产生的NO2进行的PM的氧化。利用该结构简化了系统。
再者,在图8中示出另一类型的连续再生系统1Z。该系统1Z中,在壁流式过滤器3C的多孔性壁面30上,涂敷了氧化催化剂32A和氧化物等PM氧化催化剂32B的多孔性催化剂涂层31。利用这些催化剂,在低温下对积存在过滤器3C中的PM进行燃烧,并进行连续再生。
这些带有催化剂的DPF系统,利用催化剂和NO2中的PM氧化反应,在与通常的过滤器相比降低了PM氧化开始废气温度的状态下,实现PM的连续再生。
然而,在降低PM氧化开始废气温度后,仍需要约350℃的废气温度。所以,在无负荷或低负荷发动机运转条件下,由于废气温度不足,所以不产生PM的氧化和DPF的再生。
因此,在继续保持这种无负荷或低负荷的发动机运转条件的情况下,即使PM积存在DPF内也不能形成能氧化PM的状态。所以,DPF的排气压力上升。因此,可能造成燃料消耗增加,并且发动机熄火等故障。
所以,在这些连续再生型DPF系统中,根据发动机运转条件来计算过滤器内的PM积存量,或者根据与PM积存量相对应的过滤器压力损耗来推算PM积存量。此外,在满足该DPF再生必要条件时,强制进行燃烧除去积存的PM的DPF再生控制。
例如,在日本专利申请的特开2001-73748号公报中,在具有共轨(common rail)等电子控制式燃料喷射系统的发动机中,DPF再生控制是将燃料喷射定时提前或者推迟,在废气中暂时产生适合于PM氧化燃烧除去的温度等条件。
此外,在多级延迟喷射中,使废气温度上升到不低于氧化催化剂的催化剂活化温度,然后,用二次喷射(ポスト噴射)或排气管内喷射等,在排气管内增加轻油等燃料。并且,用氧化催化剂来使该燃料燃烧,使过滤器入口的废气温度上升到不低于积存的PM的强制燃烧温度,将PM强制燃烧而去除。通过除去该PM来使DPF再生。该多级延迟喷射,其方法是通过进行喷射时期延迟或在主喷射的前级进行少喷射量的多级喷射,能明显地推迟过大的主喷射时期。
然而,利用PM强制燃烧的DPF再生方法中,由于通过共轨等电子控制式燃料喷射系统中的极端的延迟喷射,能使废气温度升高,所以,绝大部分燃料在汽缸内压力极低的膨胀冲程中燃烧。
在这种燃烧中,只能在喷雾中心附近的空燃比较大的部分传播火炎。因此,扩散到汽缸内的宽大空间内的稀薄混合部分不会燃料。所以,绝大部分喷雾燃料被排出到排气管中。该排出是产生极端白烟的原因。并且,因为燃料不能燃烧,所以,能够高效地进行废气升温。
再者,若这种燃烧持续,则从废气温度不高于氧化催化剂的催化剂活性温度的状态时起,在废气中存在高浓度的HC。因此,当废气温度上升,氧化催化剂被激活,并产生HC的氧化活性时,催化剂中积存的HC急剧燃烧。因此,产生异常高温状态,催化剂产生劣化或熔损。并且,由于该急剧燃烧而变成高温的废气流入到DPF内,所以,有可能使DPF内的PM也开始失控燃烧,DPF也熔损。
另一方面,具有这些连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器的柴油机大都具有通过通电变成高温的电热塞(予热塞)。柴油机通过对混合气进行高压缩而使其自然点火。但是,在冬季等外部气温低的季节里,由于混合气温度也低,所以自然点火困难,发动机起动困难。因此,仅在起动时,利用该电热塞,在汽缸内,尤其预热燃烧室使其升温。这样,发动机起动时的燃料容易自然点火。并且,发动机起动而变暖后,结束利用电热塞的预热。
发明内容
本发明是利用电热塞来解决上述问题的。其目的在于提供这样的废气净化系统,即当连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器再生中废气升温时,能防止产生白烟和不点火,能使废气温度高效地大幅度上升,能防止催化剂或DPF中产生异常高温,防止催化剂劣化和熔损。
为达到上述目的而采用的废气净化系统,在带有电热塞的柴油机的排气通道内具有连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器、以及连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器的再生控制装置,其特征在于:所述再生控制装置,通过控制对汽缸内的燃料喷射来进行延迟喷射或二次喷射,并且,进行用电热塞加热汽缸内的控制,以对上述连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器进行再生。
并且,上述连续再生型DPF有以下几种:在滤波器内具有氧化催化剂的连续再生型DPF、在过滤器的上流侧设置了氧化催化剂的连续再生型DPF、以及在过滤器内具有催化剂且在该过滤器的上流侧设置了氧化催化剂的连续再生型DPF等。
根据本发明的废气净化系统,在用于连续再生型DPF的再生的废气升温控制中进行延迟喷射或二次喷射时,并用柴油机起动时使用的用电热塞的加热。通过并用利用该电热塞的加热,能进一步延迟最初喷射燃料的喷射时期的不点火极限。与此同时,能增加燃料喷射量,形成大的初始产生火炎。并且,能增大引燃喷射,主喷射的各不点火极限,所以,能增大延迟量。通过该大幅度延迟,增加燃料喷射量不影响转矩的产生。因此,能增加燃料喷射量,所以能增大初始火炎等的火炎,并且,能使其稳定燃烧。
所以,利用大幅度延迟喷射来进行燃烧火炎的大的主喷射,能产生可靠的主燃烧火炎。因此,对稀薄混合气也能充分传播火炎,所以能防止产生白烟和不点火。并且,能高效地大幅度升高废气温度。
并且,从废气温度不高于氧化催化剂的活性温度的状态时起,废气中不存在高浓度的HC,因此,氧化催化剂和过滤器内积存的HC不会急剧燃烧。因此,也能防止因高温而导致催化剂劣化和熔损。
其结果,即使在由于废气温度不足而不能进行PM强制燃烧和DPF再生的、无负荷和低负荷等的发动机运转条件下,也能进行PM强制燃烧和DPF再生,不会生成极端的白烟,并且,升温所需的燃料也少。因此,无论任何时候,均能进行PM燃烧和DPF再生,所以能抑制排气压力的上升,能消除因燃料消耗上升和高排出压而造成发动机熄火(stall)等的不良状态。
并且,能够防止因不能再生而过多积存PM,防止过多积存的PM失控燃烧造成过滤器熔损事故。并且,不需要为了再生而配备两个排气系统的这种复杂的控制系统,所以能够以低成本提供高可靠性的废气净化系统。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的废气净化系统的系统结构图。
图2是本发明的废气净化系统的发动机部分的结构图。
图3是本发明的再生控制中的多级喷射的示例图。
图4是本发明的多级喷射中的实施例的废气升温的状态图。
图5是现有技术的多级喷射中的比较例的废气升温的状态图。
图6是现有技术的废气净化系统示例的系统结构图。
图7是现有技术的废气净化系统另一示例的系统结构图。
图8是现有技术的废气净化系统另一示例的系统结构图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图,以具有氧化催化剂(DOC)和带有催化剂的过滤器(CSF)组合构成的连续再生型DPF(柴油微粒过滤器)的废气净化系统为例,详细说明本发明实施方式的废气净化系统。
图1和图2表示该实施方式的废气净化系统1的结构。在该废气净化系统1中,在与柴油机E的排气歧管11连接的排气通道2中,设置了连续再生型DPF3。该连续再生型DPF3,在上流侧具有氧化催化剂3Aa;在下流侧具有带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab。
该氧化催化剂3Aa,是在多孔性陶瓷的蜂窝状结构等保持体内保持白金(Pt)等氧化催化剂而形成的。并且,带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab,由将多孔性陶瓷的蜂窝状通道的入口和出口交替封眼的单体蜂窝型壁流式过滤器形成。在该过滤器的局部保持白金和氧化铈等催化剂。在该带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab中,废气G中的PM(微粒物质)在多孔性陶瓷壁被捕集(trap)。
并且,为了推算带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的PM积存量,在连续再生型DPF装置3前后连接的导通管中,设置差压检测器21。并且,在连续再生型DPF装置3的上流侧设置DPF入口废气温度检测器22,在带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的再生控制中使用。
这些检测器的输出值被输入到控制装置(电子控制箱:ECU:发动机控制装置)5中,该控制装置5用于进行发动机E的运转的全面控制,同时也进行带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的再生控制。并且,利用从该控制装置5输出的控制信号,控制发动机E的燃料喷射装置和吸气阀16等。
该燃料喷射装置与共轨(未图示)连接,该共轨用于临时存储由燃料泵(未图示)升压后的高压燃料。并且,吸气阀16设置在吸气通道6上,调整进入吸气歧管的吸气量。并且,在控制装置5中,为了发动机运转,还输入PTO开关的通/断、起动电路切断开关(neutral switch)的通/断、车辆速度、冷却水温度、发动机转速和油门开度等信息。
并且,吸入空气A在吸气通道6内,经过涡轮增压器17的压缩机17a和中间冷却器12,在吸气阀16内被调整吸气量后进入汽缸13内的燃烧室14中。在该燃烧室14中,设置了燃烧喷射阀15和电热塞16。通过该燃烧喷射阀15的燃料喷射,燃料和吸入空气A混合,并通过活塞18的压缩,燃料自然点火而燃烧,产生废气G。该废气G经过排气通道2的涡轮增压器17的涡轮17b,进入连续再生型DPF3,变成净化的废气Gc,经过消音器8排放到大气中。
在该废气净化系统1中,差压检测器21的差压上升,且连续再生型DPF装置3的带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的PM积存量超过了需要再生的设定量。但在发动机运转条件为无负荷或低负荷等尚未达到PM氧化和DPF再生所必须的废气温度的情况下,进行废气升温控制。
该废气升温控制,根据连续再生型DPF3的种类不同而其控制有些差异。但在发动机E的燃料喷射中,对主喷射的定时进行延迟操作(延迟点火),或进行二次喷射,或进行吹气节流来使废气温度上升。在连续再生型DPF3中,通过该废气的升温,形成适合于PM氧化去除的温度和环境,对在连续再生型DPF3中被捕集的PM进行氧化去除。
例如,图1所示的、在带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的上流侧具有氧化催化剂3Aa的连续再生型DPF3的情况下,在通常的再生控制中,在以下3个阶段,使PM燃烧进行DPF再生。
在第1阶段,氧化催化剂3Aa升温达到活性温度以上。在该第1阶段之后的第2阶段,在吸气节流、EGR、VNT等空气系统的装置中,增加废气中的NOx浓度,进行二次喷射。这样,使目标温度达到500℃左右而在设定时间内保持该状态。在该第2阶段之后的第3阶段,进行与第2阶段相同的控制,同时使目标温度达到600℃左右,而在设定时间内保持该状态。这样使PM燃烧,进行DPF再生。
在本发明中,在用于再生该连续再生型DPF3的、对汽缸13内的燃料喷射进行的控制中,进行延迟喷射或二次喷射时,用电热塞16加热汽缸13内。
该延迟喷射如图3示例所示,通过引燃喷射和主喷射的多级喷射来进行。在多阶段进行燃料喷射的同时,利用电热塞16来对喷雾燃料进行加热。而且,在图3中,示出了引燃喷射三次、主喷射一次的四级的多级喷射,但更多级的多级喷射效果更好。
并且,利用该电热塞16的加热,在利用控制装置5进行带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的再生运转时,和发动机起动时的预加热一样,对电热塞16通电使其发热。
并且,如图3所示,通过并用利用电热塞16的加热,能增大最初第1级的引燃喷射的不点火极限,能够达到不低于上死点后20℃A(曲柄转角)的延迟喷射。该延迟喷射是膨胀冲程的最激烈阶段,所以,增加燃料喷射量也不会影响转距产生。因此,与没有利用电热塞16加热的情况相比较,能增加燃料喷射量,所以能增加初始喷射量。因此能使初始火炎成为大的火炎。
在该第1级喷射的燃料的燃烧被激活的时期,进行第2次喷射。该第2级的喷射时期是活塞进一步下降的时期,所以,与第1级喷射相比,喷射更多的燃料也能抑制转矩产生。并且,第1级喷射的初始火炎增大,稳定地进行燃烧,所以,通过第2级喷射能使火炎更大。
然后,在第2级喷射的燃料的燃烧被激活的时期,进行第3级喷射。该第3级喷射,即使进一步增加喷射量也不会影响产生转矩,所以,能形成更大的火炎。
并且,在第4级的主喷射的喷射时期之前,继续保持汽缸内的燃烧火炎,用大幅度延迟喷射来进行燃烧火炎的大的主喷射,产生可靠的主燃烧火炎,所以,能把火炎传播到稀薄混合气处,因此能防止发生白烟和不点火,能高效率地大幅度提高废气温度。
图4表示这时的连续再生型DPF3的氧化催化剂3Aa的入口温度。随着燃料喷射分阶段地进行,入口温度也分阶段上升。
并且,在主喷射后进行的二次喷射时,也通过并用利用电热塞16的加热,能增大不点火极限,能按大幅度延迟来进行燃烧。因此,能够高效进行废气温度的升温而不增加转矩。
而且,以上用具有催化剂的过滤器3Ab、和在该带有催化剂的过滤器3Ab的上流侧设置了氧化催化剂3Aa的连续再生型DPF3进行了说明。但本发明也能适用于该连续再生型DPF3以外的、以过滤器中具有氧化催化剂的连续再生型DPF、以及在过滤器上流侧设置了氧化催化剂的连续再生型DPF等。
实施例
以下进行了伴随用电热塞加热的多级喷射试验、以及不伴随用电热塞加热的多级喷射试验,并进行了对比研究。试验均为引燃喷射二次、主喷射一次的三级的多级喷射。
作为伴随用该电热塞加热的多级喷射的废气升温的实施例,在图4中,示出发动机转速为850转/分的空转时用电热塞进行加热的情况下的多级喷射。并且,在图5中示出不伴随用电热塞加热的情况下的废气升温的对比例。
根据图4和图5,可看出:刚发动后的废气温度即涡轮入口废气温度,与比较例的300℃左右相比,在实施例中大幅度升温达到500℃左右,并且也加快了升温速度。

Claims (1)

1、一种废气净化系统,在带有电热塞的柴油机的排气通道内具有连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器、以及连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器的再生控制装置,其特征在于:所述再生控制装置,通过控制对汽缸内的燃料喷射来进行延迟喷射或二次喷射,并且,进行用电热塞加热汽缸内的控制,以对上述连续再生型柴油微粒过滤器进行再生。
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