CN1512850A - 远程与中央监视单元之间的数据传输 - Google Patents

远程与中央监视单元之间的数据传输 Download PDF

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CN1512850A
CN1512850A CNA02810966XA CN02810966A CN1512850A CN 1512850 A CN1512850 A CN 1512850A CN A02810966X A CNA02810966X A CN A02810966XA CN 02810966 A CN02810966 A CN 02810966A CN 1512850 A CN1512850 A CN 1512850A
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P·N·埃格斯
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L·M·塞维尔
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Abstract

利用一个监视仪器来对病人进行监视,该监视仪器包括:一个远程监视单元,其与病人相关联,并具有一个测量病人生理特征的传感器,一个中央单元,和一个通信设备,有选择地在远程监视单元与中央单元之间建立一个通信。远程监视单元获得病人的一个监视数据集,分析监视数据集,从监视数据集获得一个导出数据集,并从导出数据集确定要求与中央单元的通信。远程监视单元与中央单元建立一个通信连接,然后向中央单元传输的一个与监视数据集相关的初始传输数据集,分析初始传输数据集,并且,中央单元向远程监视单元发出有关要被传输的附加传输数据集和附加传输数据集的传输的时间的指令,附加传输数据集与监视数据集有关,其从远程监视单元传输的到中央单元。

Description

远程与中央监视单元之间的数据传输
本发明涉及远程监视单元与中央单元间的数据传输,尤其是该数据传输的优化。
背景技术
传感器技术、电子学和通信技术的提高,使病人即使是在不卧床、也不与医院监视系统有持续的直接的联系时,都可能对病人的生理特征进行监视。例如,美国第5,959,529号专利描述了一个监视系统,其中病人携带一个具有与生理传感器关联的远程监视设备。根据病人的医疗问题,诸如心跳及其波形,该远程监视设备对病人的一个或多个生理特征进行连续的监视。
在规定条件下,远程监视单元接通中央单元,传输有关病人状况的信息。例如,如果远程监视单元确定,所监视的生理数据表示病人可能处于危险或紧急情况时,则可通过蜂窝电话或类似的通信设备,立刻并自动向中央单元传输监视到的数据。中央单元自动地或与位于中央单元或与中央单元联系的医疗人员一起分析数据,必要时为病人协调提供帮助。传输的数据分析表示病人情况不需要立即注意时,可以把数据存储起来,还可传输给病人的医生,以便改变治疗。
本方法虽然是可操作的,但在一些情况下,可能会浪费远程监视单元的电池能量,并且要求太多的蜂窝电话系统上的数据传输时间,相应的费用也高。医疗人员的时间也不能有效的利用。
这就需要改进的方法,以控制远程监视单元与中央单元之间的数据传输。本发明满足这一要求,并进一步提供了有关的优势。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种监视病人并为病人提供支持的方法。本方法采用一个新的数据传输架构,该结构不但具有改进的数据传输的选择性,而且具有数据保留累积能力,以构建病人病历,还具有紧急情况处理能力,必要时帮助病人。
根据本发明,监视病人的一个方法包括提供一个监视仪器,该仪器包括一个与病人相关联的远程监视单元。远程监视单元又包括:一个传感器,其测量病人的生理特征,如心电图;一个中央单元;和一个通信设备,可有选择地在远程监视单元与中央单元之间建立通信连接。远程监视单元获得病人一个监视的数据集,并分析该监视数据集,以从监视数据集获得一个导出数据集,然后从导出数据集确定,与中央单元进行通信是必要的。建立与中央单元的通信连接之后,远程监视单元向中央单元传输一个与监视数据集相关的初始传输的数据集。中央单元分析初始传输的数据集,并且,中央单元向远程监视单元发出和被监视的数据集关联的附加传输的数据集,其将从远程监视单元被传输到中央单元,和附加传输的数据集的传输时间的指令。
因此,本发明是基于这样一个体系结构,其中数据的主体自动地从远程监视单元传输到中央单元。该方法可能产生不必要的大量的数据传输和不必要的频繁的数据传输,从而导致远程监视单元电池的耗尽和大量传输时间的花费。替代的是,中央单元分析初始传输的数据集,该数据集通常是一个缩减的数据集,可以从监视数据集获得或由监视数据集来确定,这样可确定是否要求一个以附加传输的数据集形式的较完整的数据传输。如果确定,中央单元就在特定时间传输的数据。在感测到紧急情况时,就立即进行传输的,或在病人病历需要附加传输的数据集时,就可延迟传输的。因此,在满足病人的医疗请求的同时,通信的效率也得到优化。
远程监视单元分析监视数据集的步骤,可通过比较导出数据集的至少一个元素与警告限来完成。初始传输的数据集的分析可包括从存储器获得病人病历,并分析与病人病历有关的初始传输的数据集。中央单元指示远程监视单元立刻或延迟传输附加传输的数据集。附加传输的数据集和监视数据可以是相同的,也可以是不同的数据集。
在一实施例中,通信设备包括一个射频电话终端(如一个蜂窝或卫星电话终端)和一个有线电话终端。在任何时候都能进行射频电话连接,但仅在远程监视单元物理连接到有线线路时,才可使用有线电话终端。初始传输的数据集的传输可通过射频电话连接进行,该数据集通常比监视数据集的数据量少。对于中央单元中的分析,如果发生了紧急情况并立刻需要较多数据,则通过射频电话连接,立刻传输较大的附加传输的数据集。另一方面,当中央单元确定这里没有紧急情况,但附加传输的数据集作为病历的一部分,对将来的参考是有用的时候,中央监视单元可指示远程监视单元存储附加传输的数据集,然后,当有一个连接时,则通过有线电话终端稍后传输附加传输的数据集,或当传输花费较低时(非高峰时间),利用射频电话连接进行传输的。
这一选择性的传输方法减少了必须利用蜂窝电话连接或类似的昂贵通信设备进行传输的的数据量,其中远程监视单元的数据传输不是自动的,而是在中央单元的控制下。这一选择性为用户减少了蜂窝电话的连接时间和费用,也可大大增加两次电池充电之间远程监视单元的使用时间,因为建立和维持蜂窝电话连接构成了远程监视单元的电池使用的重要部分。中央单元的或与其通信的医疗人员的人力资源也得到了较好的利用。这样医疗人员仅注意那些很可能确实紧急的情况,以便他们有充分的时间处理潜在的、实际的紧急情况。
从对随后提出的实施例进行的更详尽地描述,结合附图可以看出,本发明的其它特点和优势是明显的,以例子的形式阐明了本发明的原理。但是发明的范围并不限于这个提出的实施例。
附图简单说明
图1是一个实现本发明的方法的块状流程图;和
图2是本发明可使用的优选仪器的简单示意框图。
具体实施方式
图1描述实现本发明的一个方法。数字20表示提供了一种监视仪器。监视仪器可以是任何可操作的形式,监视仪器50的一个优选形式如图2所示。监视仪器50以简单形式示意,仅表示了讨论本发明所需要的那些部分。监视仪器的更多细节可在美国第5,959,529号专利中找到,该专利的内容以参考的方式并入此处。
监视仪器50包括一个被不卧床的病人携带的远程监视单元(RMU)52,和一个中央单元(CU)54。中央单元54可以是一个独立的计算机,但更典型的是一个文件服务器或网络。非便携的,即没有被病人携带而是放置在病人家里的固定位置或医院设备中的其它远程监视单元也可被使用。传感器56测量病人的生理特征,并典型的与病人联系(“病人”是广义上的,指的是被监视的人。)。根据有兴趣的病人的参数,这里可以有一个传感器或不仅仅是一个传感器56。可操作传感器56的例子包括一个心脏监视传感器、一个血压监视传感器、一个体温监视传感器、一个呼吸传感器、一个脑电波传感器、一个诸如血糖传感器或血液氧含量传感器之类的血液化学物质传感器、一个病人位置传感器和一个病人活动传感器。不同类型的传感器在本技术领域众所周知,它们的制造和操作的细节不构成本发明的一部分。
在每个事件中,传感器56与远程监视单元52的中央处理单元(CPU)58进行通信,必要时与中间信号检验设备(intermediateconditioning equipment)通信(这里没有示出)。中央处理单元58执行传感器56的信号分析,将在随后讨论。同样地,中央单元54包括一个中央处理单元(CPU)60,以执行计算和分析,将在随后讨论。(如前所述的,中央单元54和其CPU60可以是任何可操作的类型,如一个专用系统,一个网络或一个文件服务器。每个CPU58和60都典型的包括一个微处理器。)
远程监视单元52和中央单元54通过位于远程监视单元52中的收发器62和位于中央单元54中的通信收发器64,可彼此进行双向通信。(收发器置于所描述的设备中包括收发器实际上并不与CPU处于相同结构中,而是位于另一地方并与CPU通信。因此,例如,中央单元54可包括一个文件服务器,CPU60置于其中,和一个物理上分开的蜂窝收发器64,具有与文件服务器和CPU60的通信连接。)收发器62、64可包括任何可操作类型的通信设备。例如,它们可包括一个调制解调器,通过传统的有线电话,为例行的通信建立通信。它们还可包括一个蜂窝电话收发器,在紧急或例行基础上建立通信。收发器62、64,还可用作病人与中央单元54的人员之间的双向语音通信的设备。在每端具有或不具有有线或蜂窝连接时,收发器62、64可通过因特网互相连接,最好因特网本身具有通信能力。本发明部分涉及确定有多少数据应该作为紧急通信来传输,有多少数据应该作为例行通信来传输。中央单元54有一个接口,以允许中央处理器60的推荐行动的人员检查66,如由病人的医生。
回到图1的讨论,远程监视单元52获得使用传感器56的病人的一个监视数据集,如数字22所表示的。监视数据集通常是相当多的,如以(电压、时间)数据对形式的,病人24小时的连续循环的心电图。
远程监视单元52分析监视数据集,从监视数据集获得一个导出数据集,如数字24所表示的。导出数据集比监视数据集典型的小,它包括先前发现很重要的数据类型。例如,导出数据集可包括特定类型异常心跳的暗示(也就是,一个检测异常的编码)、心率(每分钟心跳的次数)、最大电压值、基本波形评估和心跳波形是否违反了特定病人标准。导出数据集通过传统的波形处理过程,可从监视数据集获得。
远程监视单元52的中央处理器58典型的通过参数值与为病人先前确定的并提供给远程监视单元52的告警限进行比较,或通过其它的适当方法,分析导出的数据集。例如,如果心率超过一个心率告警限,最大电压值比电压告警限大,和/或波形不处于波形告警限内,则远程监视单元52可确定病人有潜在的紧急情况,或为诊断目的,应该立即传输数据。在这种情形下,远程监视单元52确定立即要求与中央单元54的通信,如数字26所表示的。远程监视单元52也可确定数据对于包含在病人的存储于中心的病历是有利的,但目前没有紧急情况。在这种情形下,与惯例传输中的一样,有利数据标志为稍后传输。远程监视单元52还可确定数据不具有特定重要性。在多数情形下,没有潜在的紧急情况并且不要求通信,然后监视仪器就进行步骤24到步骤22的循环,并重复步骤22和24。
在已确定立刻要求通信,就通过收发器62、64在远程监视单元52和中央单元54之间立即建立一个通信连接,如数字28所表示的。如果通过有线方式不可能建立通信,则试图建立较昂贵的、低可靠的射频蜂窝连接。
远程监视单元52向中央单元54传输的一个初始传输数据集,如数字30所表示的。初始传输数据集与监视数据集相关,或与监视数据集不相关(关于表示传感器故障的实例信息),前者最常见。初始传输数据集可以与导出数据集相同,或可包括不同数据。例如,初始传输数据集还可包括其它传感器的信息,如病人的呼吸速率或血压。构造初始传输数据集,以包含最重要的决策信息,并允许在相当短的时间内向中央单元54传输的信息。因此,中央单元54为进一步的简明决策,需要有最有效的信息。
中央单元54的中央处理单元60分析初始传输的数据集,如数字32所表示的。在执行这个分析时,中央单元54通常依赖病人的病历(数字34),病历存储在中央单元54中,或能通过与负责病人的医生或医院的进一步连接而得到。中央单元54人员能够在人员检查和情形考虑的帮助下作决策,如图2中数字66所表示的。人员检查66由医疗技术人员或病人的医生来进行。然而,在这个阶段,分析步骤32最好尽可能完全是自动的,以便迅速做出一个关于进一步信息需要的决策。为诊断的目的,此时不执行分析和人员检查,而是,确定是否立刻要求更多来自远程监视单元52的信息。
从初始传输数据集提供的信息,和诸如病人病历之类的其它来源信息,中央单元54确定来自远程监视单元52的后续信息流,适当时给远程监视单元52发出指令,如数字36所表示的。例如,中央单元54可确定不需要传输的进一步信息,可确定在紧急情形下需要更多的以附加传输的数据集形式的信息,或可确定稍后需要更多的以附加传输的数据集形式的信息。还可确定要传输的数据的量和类型。在不需要进一步信息的情形下,远程监视单元52与中央单元54之间的通信可立即中断,远程监视单元52循环回到步骤22。在紧急情形下需要进一步信息时,通信连接仍是开放的,然后附加传输的数据集立刻从远程监视单元52传输的到中央单元54,如数字38所表示的。在稍后需要进一步信息的情形下,如例行数据传输的时,中断通信连接,直到涉及紧急通信,但感兴趣的数据标志为稍后传输。在稍后的延迟时间,如每天的例行数据传输的,附加传输数据从远程监视单元52传输的到中央单元,如数字40所表示的。在典型情况中,使用电话线,采用例行传输来传输的附加传输信息,这比使用蜂窝电话连接便宜的多,还可在远程监视单元收到线路功率时来完成这一传输的,以便没有电池的消耗。中央单元54选择的附加传输数据集包括监视数据集,其小于全部监视数据集,或多于监视数据集,例如,因为其它传感器的附加信息被需要。
一个实例有助于阐明中央单元的任务。如果负责病人的医生已经指示,不需要关心每小时小于三个过早心室收缩(PVC)的事件,但每小时三个或更多事件需要充分的关注,在紧急基础上要求更多的信息,远程监视单元52在每个事件发生时联系中央单元。中央单元54参考病人病历,该病历包含这些事件发生的清单。如果在最后1小时内发现当前事件是第三个事件,则中央单元54指示远程监视单元52在紧急基础上传输的附加传输数据集。如果在最后小时内当前事件没有导致三个或更多个事件的发生,则仍希望仅在下一个例行传输时,传输的事件的波形和病人病历的相邻时间周期。(可选择的是,PVC数可由远程监视单元52保持,仅当在任何一个小时周期内发生了三个PVC事件,才建立与中央单元54的联系。)
本方法的优势以另一个例子来说明。通过基于初始传输数据集的决策,可能必须维持至多一分钟的蜂窝连接。另一方面,如果全部监视数据集自动从远程监视单元52传输到中央单元54,则用来传输每五分钟的心电图,需求时间可能是几分钟的蜂窝连接时间。这个连接导致远程监视单元电池的大量耗费和额外的蜂窝连接时间和花费,这些应尽可能的避免。由于病人可能处于危险或数据具有立即诊断价值,在判断出有附加传输数据集的紧急需要时,则保持蜂窝连接,并有必要传输的全部附加传输数据集,以使病人得
到援助。
虽然为了说明的目的,这里详细描述了本发明的一个特定的实施例,但在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以作出多种的变化和改进。因此,除了所附的权利要求,本发明的范围并不受到限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种监视病人的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一个监视仪器,其包括:
一个与病人关联的远程监视单元,该远程监视单元又包括一个测量病人生理特征的传感器,
一个中央单元,和
一个通信设备,其有选择性地在远程监视单元与中央单元之
间建立一个通信连接;
远程监视单元获得病人的监视数据集;
远程监视单元分析监视数据集,从监视数据集中获得一个导出数据集;
远程监视单元从导出数据集确定要求与中央单元进行通信;
建立一个与中央单元的通信连接;
远程监视单元向中央单元传输的一个与监视数据集相关的初始传输数据集;
中央单元分析初始传输数据集;和
中央单元向远程监视单元发出有关附加传输数据集和附加传输数据集的传输的时间的指令,附加传输数据集与监视数据集有关,其从远程监视单元传输的到中央单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的包括病人的心电图。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中远程监视单元分析监视数据集的步骤包括,
把导出数据集的至少一个元素和一个告警限比较。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中中央单元指示远程监视单元的步骤包括
中央单元指示远程监视单元即刻传输附加传输的数据集。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中中央单元指示远程监视单元的步骤包括
中央单元指示远程监视单元延迟传输的附加传输数据集。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中附加传输数据集和监视数据集是不同的。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中中央单元分析初始传输数据集的步骤包括:
中央单元从存储器获得病人的病历,和
分析与病人的病历有关的初始传输数据集。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中通信设备包括一个射频电话终端
和一个有线电话终端。
9.一种监视病人的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一种监视仪器,包括:
一个与病人关联的远程监视单元,
一个中央单元,和
一个通信设备,其有选择性的在远程监视单元与中央单元
之间建立一个通信连接;
远程监视单元获得病人的监视数据集;
远程监视单元建立与中央单元的一个通信连接;
远程监视单元向中央单元传输的一个与监视数据集关联的初始传输的数据集;
中央单元分析初始传输的数据集;
中央单元向远程监视单元发出有关附加传输数据集和附加传输数据集的传输的时间的指令,附加传输数据集与监视数据集有关,其从远程监视单元传输的到中央单元。
远程监视单元在中央单元发出指示时,给中央单元传输的一个附加传输的数据集。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中至少一部分附加传输的数据集
与监视数据集有关。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中监视数据集包括病人的心电图。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中中央单元指示远程监视单元的步骤包括:
中央单元指示远程监视单元即刻传输附加传输的数据集。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,中央单元指示远程监视单元的步骤包括:
中央单元指示远程监视单元在一个延迟的时间传输附加传输的数据集
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中附加传输数据集和监视数据集是不同的。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中中央单元分析初始传输数据集的步骤包括
中央单元从存储器获得病人的病历,和
分析与病人的病历有关的初始传输数据集;
CNA02810966XA 2001-04-23 2002-04-22 远程与中央监视单元之间的数据传输 Pending CN1512850A (zh)

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