CN1503493B - 扩频干扰消除器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于在具有N个信道的扩频接收机中减小干扰的扩频干扰消除器,其中N个信道中的每一个由不同的片码信号标识,该扩频干扰消除器包括:用于产生多个片码信号的多个装置;多个解扩装置,用于同时将扩频信号的多个扩频信道分别解扩成多个解扩信号;用于对所述多个片码信号定时从而分别产生定时版本的多个片码信号的多个装置;响应该定时版本的多个片码信号、用于同时对多个解扩信号分别进行扩频处理的多个装置;对于第i片码信号,用于从通过延迟装置延迟的扩频CDMA信号中同时减去N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号的每一个从而产生减去信号的装置;和用于以第i片码信号将该减去信号解扩成第i信道的信道装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扩频通信,特别是涉及一种在直接序列码分多址接收机中用于减少干扰的干扰消除器及其方法。
背景技术
直接序列码分多址扩频通信系统由于受到其他同时存在的用户的干扰其容量是受限的。如果没有使用自适应功率控制,或虽使用了但不是最佳的,则这种情况将加重。
码分多址是干扰受限的。同时进行发送的用户越多,比特差错率(BER)就越高。增加的容量要求前向纠错(FEC)编码,其反过来则增加了数据速率和限制了容量。
发明内容
本发明总的目的是在直接序列码分多址接收机中减小由于N-1个干扰信号产生的噪声。
本发明提供一种用于在具有N个信道的扩频接收机中减小干扰的扩频干扰消除器,其中N个信道中的每一个由一个不同的片码信号标识,该扩频干扰消除器包括:
用于产生多个片码信号的多个装置;
多个解扩装置,其中每个所述解扩装置响应识别相应的N个信道之一的各自的不同片码信号,用于同时将扩频信号的多个扩频信道分别解扩成多个解扩信号;
用于对所述多个片码信号定时从而分别产生定时版本的多个片码信号的多个装置;
响应该定时版本的多个片码信号、用于同时对多个解扩信号分别进行扩频处理的多个装置,其中一片码信号对应于一各自的解扩信号;
对于第i片码信号,用于从通过延迟装置延迟的扩频CDMA信号中同时减去N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号的每一个从而产生减去信号的装置,其中N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号不包括第i解扩信号的经扩频处理的解扩信号;和
用于以第i片码信号将该减去信号解扩成第i信道的信道装置。
本发明的其它目的和优点部分地在下面的描述中进行了表述,并且其中的一部分在描述中是明显的,或可通过本发明的实践来了解。本发明的其它目的和优点也可通过在所附权利要求中限定的各种手段和组合来实现和获得。
附图说明
加入并作为说明书一部分的附图示出了本发明的优选实施例,并与说明书一起用于描述本发明的原理。
图1是使用相关器的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的框图;
图2是使用相关器的用于处理多个信道的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的框图;
图3是使用匹配器的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的框图;
图4是使用匹配器的用于处理多个信道的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的框图;
图5是用于处理多个信道的具有多次迭代的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的框图;
图6示出了对于Eb/η=6dB的理论性能特征;
图7示出了对于Eb/η=10dB的理论性能特征;
图8示出了对于Eb/η=15dB的理论性能特征;
图9示出了对于Eb/η=20dB的理论性能特征;
图10示出了对于Eb/η=25dB的理论性能特征;
图11示出了对于Eb/η=30dB的理论性能特征;
图12是连接到一起的干扰消除器的框图;
图13是合并图12的干扰消除器的输出的框图;
图14示出了对于异步的、PG=100、相同功率,EbN=30dB的模拟性能特征;
图15示出了对于异步的、PG=100、相同功率,EbN=30dB的模拟性能特征;
图16示出了对于异步的、PG=100、相同功率,EbN=30dB的模拟性能特征;
图17示出了对于异步的、PG=100、相同功率,EbN=30dB的模拟性能特征。
具体实施方式
现在对本发明的优选实施例进行详细地描述,其实例在附图中示出,其中,相同的参考数字表示几个示图中的相同部件。
在图1所示的示例性设置中,提供了一种在具有N个信道的扩频码分多址(CDMA)接收机中减少干扰的扩频CDMA干扰消除器。本发明也可工作在扩频码分复用(CDM)系统中。因此,为了不失一般性,这里所用的术语扩频CDMA信号包括扩频CDMA信号和扩频CDM信号。在个人通信业务中,该干扰消除器可被用在基站中或诸如手机的远端单元中。
图1示出了由第一片码信号限定的用于第一信道的干扰消除器。该干扰消除器包括多个解扩装置,多个定时装置,多个扩频处理装置,减法装置,和第一信道解扩装置。
利用多个片码信号,所述多个解扩装置把接收的扩频CDMA信号分别解扩成多个解扩信号。在图1中,多个解扩装置被表示为第一解括装置,第二解扩装置,到第N解扩装置。第一解括装置包括一个第一相关器,举例来说,它被具体表现为第一混合器51,第一片码信号发生器52,和第一积分器54。第一积分器54可替换地可以是一个第一低通滤波器或一个第一带通滤波器。第一混合器51连接在输入41与第一片码信号发生器52和第一积分器54之间。
第二解括装置包括一个第二相关器,举例来说,它被具体表现为第二混合器61,第二片码信号发生器62,和第二积分器64。第二积分器64可替换地可以是一个第二低通滤波器或一个第二带通滤波器。第二混合器61连接在输入41与第二片码信号发生器62和第二积分器64之间。
第N个解括装置被描述成一个第N相关器,举例来说,它被表示为第N混合器71,第N片码信号发生器72,和第N积分器74。第N积分器74可替换地可以是一个第N低通滤波器或一个第N带通滤波器。第N混合器71连接在输入41与第N片码信号发生器72和第N积分器74之间。
正如本领域所公知的,第一至第N解扩装置可由能对扩频信号中的信道进行解扩的任何装置实现.
所述多个定时装置可具体表现为延迟装置53,63,73。第一延迟装置53具有延迟时间T,它近似与第一积分器54的积分时间Tb或第一低通滤波器或第一带通滤波器的时间常数相同。第二延迟装置63具有延迟时间T,它近似与第二积分器64的积分时间Tb或第二低通滤波器或第二带通滤波器的时间常数相同。类似地,第N装置73具有延迟时间T,它近似与第N积分时间Tb,或第N滤波器或第N滤波器的时间常数相同。第一积分器54,第二积分器64至第N积分器74的积分时间是相同的。如果使用低通滤波器,则典型地,第一低通滤波器,第二低通滤波器至第N滤器的时间常数是相同的。如果使用带通滤波器,则第一带通滤波器,第二带通滤波器至第N滤器的时间常数是相同的。
所述多个扩频处理装置使用了一个用于分别对所述多个解扩信号进行扩频处理的所述多个片码信号的定时版本(即延迟版本),每个片码信号对应着一个相应的解扩信号。举例来说,多个扩频处理装置被具体表现为第一处理混合器55,第二处理混合器65,第N处理混合器75。该第一处理混合器55连接到第一积分器54,并通过第一延迟装置53连接到第一片码信号发生器52。第二处理混合器65连接到第二积分器64,并通过第二延迟装置63连接到第二片码信号发生器62。第N混合器75连接到第N积分器74,并通过第N延迟装置73连接到第N片码信号发生器72。
为了减少对使用扩频CDMA信号的第i信号的信道的干扰,减法装置把该N-1个与该第i信道不相对应的经扩频处理的解扩信号中的每一个从扩频CDMA信号中减去。由此,该减法装置产生一个减去信号。该减法装置被表示为第一减法器150。所示的减法装置150通过第N混合器75被连接到第二处理混合器65的输出端。此外,该第一减法装置150通过一个主延迟装置48连接到输入41。
第i信道解扩装置利用第i片码信号把减去信号解扩成第i信号。第一信道解扩装置被表示为第一信道混合器147。该第一信道混合器147连接到第一延迟装置53和第一减法器150。第一信道积分器146连接到第一信道混合器147。
第一片码信号发生器52,第二片码信号发生器62至第N片码信号发生器72分别产生第一片码信号,第二片码信号至第N片码信号。正如本领域所公知,这里使用术语“片码信号”是指扩展频谱信号的扩展信号。典型的片码信号是从伪随机(PN)序列中产生的。第一片码信号,第二片码信号至第N片码信号可以分别从第一PN序列,第二PN序列至第N PN序列产生。第一PN序列由一第一片码字定义或产生,第二PN序列由一第二片码字定义或产生,直至第N个PN序列由一第N片码字定义或产生。第一片码字,第二片码字,至第N片码字中的每一个是不同的,即彼此不同。总之,一个片码字可以是一个PN序列的实际顺序,或被用来限定用于产生PN序列的调整。所述调整例如可以是移位寄存器的延迟抽头。
利用由第一片码信号发生器52产生的第一片码信号,第一混合器51将在输入41的一被接收扩频CDMA信号解扩成第一解扩信号.来自第一混合器51的第一解扩信号通过第一积分器54被滤波.第一积分器54在时间Tb(诸如一比特码元的时间间隔)上积分.同时,该第一片码信号由延迟装置53延迟时间T.延迟时间T近似等于积分时间Tb加上系统或元件延迟.与积分时间Tb比较,系统或元件延迟通常很小.使用第一扩展混合器55,利用来自第一积分器54输出端的第一解扩信号对第一片码信号的延迟版本进行处理.第一扩展混合器55的输出被馈送到除第一减法器150以外的各减法器,用于对扩频CDMA信号的第二至第N信道进行处理.
为了减少对到达扩频CDMA信号的第一信道的干扰,正如下面所述,由第二至第N解扩器对接收的扩频CDMA信号进行处理。扩频CDMA信号的第二信道由第二解扩装置解扩。在第二混合器61中,由第二片码信号发生器62产生的第二片码信号解扩扩频CDMA信号的第二信道。解扩的第二信道通过第二积分器64被滤波。第二积分器64的输出为第二解扩信号。通过第二处理混合器65利用第二片码信号的延迟版本对该第二解扩信号进行扩频处理。通过延迟装置63,第二片码信号被延迟。延迟装置63把第二片码信号延迟时间T。第二信道混合器65利用来自第二积分器64的第二扩频信道的滤波版本对该第二片码信号的一个定时版本,即延迟版本进行扩频处理。这里所使用的术语″扩频处理″包括通过将信号与一片码信号混合或调制产生扩频信号的任何方法。扩频处理可通过乘法装置,异或门,匹配滤波器,或本领域公知的任何装置或电路实现。
类似地,扩频CDMA信号的第N信道由第N解扩装置解扩。因此,接收的扩频CDMA信号具有由第N混合器71通过把扩频CDMA信号与来自第N片码信号发生器72的第N片码信号混合解扩的第N信道。第N混合器71的输出通过第N积分器74被滤波。作为第N解扩信号的第N积分器74的输出是扩频CDMA信号的第N信道的被解括和滤波版本。利用第N片码信号的延迟版本对第N解扩信号进行扩频处理。通过延迟装置73,第N片码信号被延迟。第N信道混合器75利用第N解扩信号对该第N片码信号的定时版本,即延迟版本进行扩频处理。
在第一减法器150中,第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的每个输出被从来自输入41的扩频CDMA信号的定时版本,即延迟版本中减去。扩频CDMA信号的的延迟通过第一主延迟装置48定时。典型地,第一主延迟装置48的延迟是时间T,它近似等于第一积分器54至第N积分器74的积分时间。
在第一减法器150的输出端产生一个第一减去信号。对于扩频CDMA信号的第一信道的第一减去信号在这里被定义为是扩频CDMA信号的延迟版本减去来自第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的输出。第二减去信号至第N减去信号被同样地定义。
来自第一延迟装置53的输出的第一片码信号的延迟版本被用于对第一减法器150的输出进行解扩。因此,利用第一片码信号,通过第一信道混合器147解扩第一减去信号。该第一信道混合器147的输出由第一信道积分器146滤波。这样就产生了扩频CDMA信号的第一信道的输出评估d1。
正如图2所示,多个减法器150,250,350,450可被适当地连接到图1的输入41和第一扩展混合器55,第二扩展混合器65,第三扩展混合器至第N扩展混合器75。多个减法器150,250,350,450还连接到从输入41引出的主延迟装置48。这种设置可从第一减法器150产生一个第一减去信号;从第二减法器250产生一个第二减去信号;从第三减法器350产生一个第三减去信号;直至从第N减法器450产生一个第N减去信号。
第一减法器150,第二减法器250,第三减法器350至第N减法器450的输出每一个都被耦合到相应的第一信道混合器147,第二信道混合器247,第三信道混合器347,至第N信道混合器447.每个信道混合器都与第一片码信号g1(t-T),第二片码信号g2(t-T),第三片码信号g3(t-T),至第N片码信号gN(t-T)的一个延迟版本相连接.各自第一信道混合器147,第二信道混合器247,第三信道混合器347,至第N信道混合器447的每个的输出分别连接到第一信道积分器146,第二信道积分器246,第三信道积分器346,至第N信道积分器446.在各信道积分器每个的输出,产生相应第一信道评估d1,第二信道评估d2,第三信道评估d3,至N道评估dN.
参考图1,在第二至第N CDMA信道的工作是相同的条件下,用扩频CDMA信号的第一信道来说明本发明的使用。在输入41处的被接收扩频CDMA信号被延迟装置48延迟并被馈送到第一减法器150。该扩频CDMA信号具有由第二混合器61利用第二片码信号,至第N混合器71利用第N片码信号解扩的第二信道至第N信道。相应的第二片码信号至第N片码信号由第二片码信号发生器62至第N片码信号发生器72产生。第二信道至第N信道分别由第二积分器64至第N积分器74解扩和滤波。解扩在第二积分器64至第N积分器74的每个输出中部分或全部地除去了非解扩信道。
在一个优选实施例中,用于第一片码信号发生器52,第二片码信号发生器62至第N片码信号发生器72的每个片码信号是彼此正交的。然而,本发明的工作并不要求正交片码信号的使用。当使用正交的片码信号时,在每个积分器的输出,解扩信号拥有各自的信道加噪声。利用正交的片码信号,理论上混合器消除了与解扩信号正交的信道。通过相应的处理混合器对相应的信道进行扩频处理。
在第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的输出端是第二信道至第N信道的延迟版本加包含在其中的噪声成分。然后,通过第一减法器150从所接收的扩频CDMA信号中减去第二信道至第N信道的每一个。由第一信道混合器147利用第一码片信号的延迟版本对第一减去信号进行解扩,并通过第一信道滤波器146对其滤波。因此,在对扩频CDMA信号的第一信道进行解扩之前,第二信道至第N信道加与这些信道对准的噪声成分被从接收的扩频CDMA信号中减去。正如图3所示,扩频CDMA干扰消除器的一个替换实施例包括多个第一解扩装置,多个扩频处理装置,减法装置,和第二解扩装置。在图3中,所述多个解扩装置被表现为第一解扩装置,第二解扩装置至第N解扩装置。第一解扩装置具体体现为一个第一匹配滤波器154。该第一匹配滤波器154具有与第一片码信号匹配的脉冲响应,用于对扩频CDMA信号的第一信道进行扩频处理和限定。第一匹配滤波器154连接到输入41。
第二解扩装置具体体现为第二匹配滤波器164。该第二匹配滤波器164具有与第二片码信号匹配的脉冲响应,用于对扩频CDMA信号的第二信道进行扩频处理和限定。第二匹配滤波器164连接到输入41。
第N解扩装置具体体现为第N匹配滤波器174。该第N匹配滤波器174具有与第N片码信号匹配的脉冲响应,用于对扩频CDMA信号的第N信道进行扩频处理和限定。第N匹配滤波器174连接到输入41。
这里使用的术语″匹配滤波器″包括能够与片码信号匹配的任何类型的匹配滤波器。匹配滤波器可以是数字滤波器或是模拟滤波器。表面声波(SAW)器件可用在射频(RF)或中频(IF)中。数字信号处理器和具有匹配滤波器的专用积分电路(ASIC)可用在RF,IF,或基带频率中。
在图3中,多个扩频处理装置被体现为第一处理滤波器55,第二处理滤波器65至第N处理滤波器75.第一处理滤波器55可通过第一调整装置97连接到第一码片信号发生器52.第二处理滤波器55可通过第二调整装置98连接到第二片码信号发生器62.第N处理滤波器75可通过第N调整装置99连接到第N片码信号发生器72.第一调整装置97,第二调整装置98至第N调整装置99是任选的,并被用作把第一片码信号,第二片码信号至第N片码信号与从第一匹配滤波器154,第二匹配滤波器164至第N匹配滤波器174分别输出的第一解扩信号,第二解扩信号至第N解扩信号相对准的调整.
减法装置表示为第一减法器150。第一减法器150连接到第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的输出端。此外,第一减法器150通过主延迟装置48还连接到输入41。
第一信道解扩装置表示为第一信道匹配滤波器126。第一信道匹配滤波器126连接到第一减法器150。第一信道匹配滤波器126具有与第一片码信号匹配的脉冲响应。
在输入41处的一被接收扩频CDMA信号的第一信道通过第一匹配滤波器154被解扩。第一匹配滤波器154具有与第一片码信号匹配的脉冲响应。第一片码信号定义了扩频CDMA信号的第一信道,并由第一片码信号发生器52使用。第一片码信号通过调整装置97可延迟调整时间τ。第一处理混合器55利用第一片码信号对第一匹配滤波器154的输出进行扩频处理。第一处理混合器55的输出被馈送到除第一减法器150外的各减法器,以便对扩频CDMA信号的第二信道至第N信道进行处理。
为了减少对第一扩频信道的干扰,正如下面所述,由第二解扩装置至第N解扩装置对接收的扩频CDMA信号进行处理。第二匹配滤波器164具有与第二片码信号匹配的脉冲响应。第二片码信号定义了扩频CDMA信号的第二信道,并由第二片码信号发生器62使用。第二匹配滤波器164对扩频CDMA信号的第二信道进行解扩。第二匹配滤波器164的输出为第二解扩信号。第二解扩信号触发第二片码信号发生器62。第二处理混合器65利用第二片码信号的一定时版本还对该第二解扩信号进行扩频处理。第二片码信号的定时从第二匹配滤波器164中触发出第二解扩信号。
同样地,第N解扩装置对扩频CDMA信号的第N信道进行解扩。因此,被接收扩频CDMA信号具有由第N匹配滤波器174解扩的第N信道。第N匹配滤波器174的输出为第N解扩信号,即扩频CDMA信号的第N信道的被解扩和滤波版本。由第N片码信号的一定时版本对第N解扩信号进行扩频处理。利用来自第N滤波器174的第N解扩信号触发第N片码信号的定时。第N处理混合器75利用第N解扩信号对第N片码信号的定时版本进行扩频处理。
在第一减法器150中,第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的每个输出被从来自输入41的扩频CDMA信号的延迟版本中减去。扩频CDMA信号的的延迟通过第一主延迟装置48定时。延迟装置48的时间设定为与从扩频CDMA信号中减去的第二至第N被扩频处理的解扩信号相对准。这就在第一减法器150的输出端产生了一个第一减取信号。该减去信号由第一信道匹配滤波器126解扩。这样就产生了扩频CDMA信号的第一信道的一个输出评估d1。
如图4所示,多个减法器150,250,350,450可被适当地连接到第一处理混合器,第二处理混合器,第三处理混合器至第N处理混合器的输出,和连接到从输入41引出的主延迟装置48。第一减去信号由第一减法器150输出;第二减去信号由第二减法器250输出;第三减去信号由第三减法器350输出;直至第N减去信号由第N减法器450输出。
第一减法器150,第二减法器250,第三减法器350至第N减法器450的输出每一个都被耦合到相应的第一信道匹配滤波器126,第二信道匹配滤波器226,第三信道滤波器326,至第N信道滤波器426.第一信道匹配滤波器126,第二信道匹配滤波器226,第三信道滤波器326,至第N信道滤波器426具有与扩频CDMA信号的分别定义了第一信道,第二信道,第三信道至第N信道的第一片码信号,第二片码信号,第三码信号至第N片码信号相匹配的脉冲响应.在相应第一信道匹配滤波器126,第二信道匹配滤波器226,第三信道滤波器326,至第N信道滤波器426的每个输出端,产生了相应第一信道的评估d1,第二信道评估d2,第三信道评估d3,至第N信道评估dN.
在第二至第N CDMA信道的工作是相同的条件下,用扩频CDMA信号的第一信道来说明本发明的使用。在输入41处的被接收扩频CDMA信号被延迟装置48延迟并被馈送到第一减法器150。上述扩频CDMA信号具有由第二匹配滤波器164至第N匹配滤波器174解扩的第二至第N信道。这种解扩从各自的解扩信道中除去了其他CDMA信道。在一个优选实施例中,由第一信道,第二信道至第N信道使用的每个片码信号是与其他片码信号正交的。在第一匹配滤波器154,第二匹配滤波器164至第N匹配滤波器174的输出端是第一解扩信号,第二解扩信号至第N解扩信号,加噪声。
由各处理混合器对各个信道进行扩频处理。因此,在第二处理混合器65至第N处理混合器75的输出端是第二解扩信号至第N解扩信号的延迟版本加包含在其中的噪声成分。然后,通过第一减法器150从所接收的扩频CDMA信号中减去每个经扩频处理的解扩信号。这样就产生了第一减去信号。利用第一信道匹配滤波器126对第一减去信号解扩。因此,在对扩频CDMA信号的第一信道进行解扩之前,第二信道至第N信道加与这些信道对准的噪声成分被从接收的扩频CDMA信号中减去。
如正如本领域所公知,相关器和匹配滤波器可以互换,来实现相同的功能。图1至3示出了使用相关器或匹配滤波器的替换实施例。也可以对这些设置进行改变。例如,多个解扩装置可具体体现为多个匹配滤波器,而信道解扩装置可具体体现为一个相关器。可替换地,所述多个解扩装置可以是匹配滤波器和相关器的组合。而且,扩频处理装置可具体体现为匹配滤波器或SAW,或异或门,或者用于把解扩信号与片码信号混合的其他器件。如正如本领域所公知,任何扩频解扩器或解调器都可以对扩频CDMA信号进行解扩。图1至4中所示的特定电路通过举例的方式对本发明进行了说明。
如图5所示,可重复图1至4中所教导的概念。图5示出了第一多个干扰消除器511,512,513,第二多个干扰消除器521,522,523,直至第N多个干扰消除器531,532,533。每一多个干扰消除器都包括已参考图1-4讨论过的适当部件。输入通过每个干扰消除器中的延迟装置得到延迟。
接收的扩频CDMA信号具有由第一多个干扰消除器511,512,513首先消除的干扰,由此产生第一组评估,即:扩频CDMA信号的第一信道,第二信道至第N信道的第一评估d11,第二评估d12,至N评估d1N。第一组评估能够具有由第二多个干扰消除器521,522,523消除的干扰。第一信道,第二信道至第N信道的第一组评估d11、d12、...,d1N被输入到第二多个干扰消除器,第二多个干扰消除器的干扰消除器521,干扰消除器522至第N干扰消除器523。第二多个干扰消除器由此产生第一信道,第二信道至第N信道的第二组评估,即d21、d22、...,d2N。类似地,第二组评估能够通过一第三多个干扰消除器,和最终分别通过第M组干扰消除器531,532,533。
本发明还包括一种在具有N个片码信道的扩频CDMA接收机中减少干扰的方法.N个信道中的每一个由一个不同的片码信号标识.该方法包括利用多个片码信号把扩频CDMA信号分别解扩成多个解扩信号的步骤.应用所述多个片码信号的一个定时版本,利用与各个解扩信号相应的片码信号对多个解扩信号进行扩频处理.把N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号中的每一个从扩频CDMA信号中减去,所述N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号不包括第i解扩信号的经扩频处理信号,由此产生一个减去信号.对所述减去信号解扩以生成第i信道.
直接序列扩频CDMA系统的差错Pe的概率为:
其中erfc为互补差错函数,SNR为信噪比,且1≤α≤2。α的值取决于一特定干扰消除器系统被如何设计。
干扰消除之后的SRN和方法由下式给出:
其中N是信道的数量,PG为处理增益,R为干扰消除器再现的次数,Eb为每信息比特的能量,而η为噪声谱密度。
图6示出当Eb/η=6dB时,干扰消除器及其方法的理论性能特征。它示出了不符合干扰消除器的SNR对PG/N的性能特征。最低的曲线(R=0)为没有干扰消除器的特性。对于R=1和R=2的曲线,示出了使用一个和两个如图5所示的干扰消除器的改进性能。当PG/N→1时,具有工作无效的SNR。如果PG>N,则干扰消除器的输出SNR接近Eb/η。此外,如果(N/PG)R+1,那么
SNR→(Eb/η)(1-N/PG)。
图7示出了对于Eb/η=10dB时的理论性能特征。图7示出了重复使用干扰消除器三次可以产生具有N/PG=2的4dB改进。
图8示出了对于Eb/η=15dB时的理论性能特征。利用该比特能量与噪声之比,重复使用干扰消除器两次可以产生具有N/PG=2的6dB改进。
图9示出了对于Eb/η=20dB时的理论性能特征。利用该比特能量与噪声之比,重复使用干扰消除器两次可以产生具有N/PG=2的6dB改进。类似地,图10和11示出了重复使用干扰消除器一次可以产生具有N/PG=2的大于10dB改进。
本发明可以扩展到多个干扰消除器。正如图12所示,由CDMA/DS检测器611对一接收的扩频信号R(t)进行解扩和检测。每个信道被表示为输出001,002,003,...,00m。这样,每个输出就是一个从接收的扩频信号R(t)中获得的解扩的扩频信道。CDMA/DS检测器611的每个输出从串联连接的多个干扰消除器612,613,...,614中通过。如前所述,每个扩频信道通过干扰消除处理。通过每比特一次对前级输出进行取样和保持,获得到达每个干扰消除器的输入。对于信道i,第一干扰消除器在时刻t=T+τi对CDMA/DS检测器的输出取样。该值作为输入被保持不变,直到t=2T+τi;在该时刻对下一比特值取样。于是,到达干扰消除器的输入波形是原始数据波形di(t-τi)的评估di(t-τi),而输出为另一评估di(t-τi)。使M个扩频信道输出00i,i=1,2,...,M,通过干扰消除器612,以产生一个新的相应信道输出组O1i,i=1,2,...,M。
如图13所示,可以对特定扩频信道的各输出进行组合,这些输出是处在每个干扰消除器的输出端。因此,合并器615可将来自CDMA/DS检测器611的第一信道输出和来自第一干扰消除器612的输出011,来自第二干扰消除器613的输出021,直至来自第N干扰消除器614的输出ON1组合。每个要被组合的输出具有相应的比特。因此,每个Os1被插入″s″个比特时间延迟。随后,组合输出通过判决装置616。对每个扩频信道进行判决,从而把每个合并器615,617,619的输出命名为:信道1平均输出01,信道2平均输出02,和信道M平均输出OM。每个平均输出顺序地通过判决装置616,判决装置618,和判决装置620。最好,这些平均输出具有可以按照一特点设计改变的放大因子Cj。在一个优选实施例中,Cj=1/2j。它允许以一种特定的方式对各个干扰消除器的输出进行合并。
图14-17示出了图12和13的设置的模拟性能特征。图14-17用于异步信道(相对的时间延迟统一地分布在0与比特时间T之间),处理增益为100,所有用户具有相同功率和热信噪比(30dB的Eb/η)。长度8191金码(Gold codes)用于PN序列。
在图14中,示出了图12的每个输出级的性能特征。于是,S0表示在CDMA/DS检测器611之输出端的BER特性,S1表示在干扰消除器612之输出端的BER特性,S2表示在干扰消除器613之输出端的BER特性,等等。在确定图14中所示性能特征的过程中不使用干扰消除器之输出的组合。相反,该性能特征是重复地使用干扰消除器。根据指示,在顺序附图的每一个中,每幅图都示出了CDMA/DS检测器611的一种特征的输出。
图15示出当顺序的干扰消除器的输出被合并时的性能特征。其示出了一个特定信道的性能特征。于是,曲线S0是CDMA/DS检测器611的输出。曲线S1代表CDMA/DS检测器611和干扰消除器612的输出之平均的BER性能。这里,C0=C1=1/2 Cj=0,j不等于0,1。曲线S2代表干扰消除器613和干扰消除器612的输出之平均的BER性能。曲线S2由图13所示的合并器确定。这里,C0和C1被设定等于1/2,而所有其他Cj定为0。类似地,曲线S3为第二和第三干扰消除器之输出被一起平均的性能。于是,曲线S3是第二和第三干扰消除器之输出之间平均的性能特征。曲线S4是第三和第四干扰消除器之平均输出的性能特征。在某一时刻,只有两个干扰消除器被使用,以确定这些特定干扰消除器之平均输出的性能特征。图16示出了CDMA/DS检测器611,和第一和第二干扰消除器612,613的常规输出。此外,CDMA/DS检测器611,和第一干扰消除器612的平均输出被表示为S1AVG。第一干扰消除器612和第二干扰消除器613之输出的平均的BER性能被表示为平均输出S2AVG。
图17示出了与图16所示相一致的性能特征,但信噪比的单位为dB。
本领域的技术人员将会明白,可以对本发明的扩频CDMA干扰消除器及其方法做出各种改进,而不会脱离本发明的范围和精神,并且本发明是要覆盖本申请所附权利要求的范围之内所限定的扩频CDMA干扰消除器的改进和变异以及它们的等同物。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于在具有N个信道的扩频接收机中减小干扰的扩频码分多址干扰消除器,其中N个信道中的每一个由不同的片码信号标识,该扩频干扰消除器包括:
用于产生多个片码信号的多个装置;
多个解扩装置,其中每个所述解扩装置对应于被各自的不同片码信号识别的N个信道之一,用于同时将扩频码分多址信号的多个扩频信道分别解扩成多个解扩信号;
用于对所述多个片码信号定时从而分别产生定时版本的多个片码信号的多个装置;
响应该定时版本的多个片码信号、用于同时对多个解扩信号分别进行扩频处理的多个装置,其中一片码信号对应于一各自的解扩信号;
对于第i片码信号,用于从通过延迟装置延迟的扩频码分多址信号中同时减去N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号的每一个从而产生减去信号的装置,其中N-1个经扩频处理的解扩信号不包括第i解扩信号的经扩频处理的解扩信号;和
用于以第i片码信号将该减去信号解扩成第i信道信号的信道装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扩频码分多址干扰消除器,其中所述多个解扩装置的每一个包括:具有与各自的片码信号匹配的脉冲响应的匹配滤波器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的扩频码分多址干扰消除器,其中所述解扩装置的每一个包括:具有数字匹配滤波器的数字信号处理器,该数字匹配滤波器具有与各自的片码信号匹配的脉冲响应。
4.根据权利要求1所述的扩频码分多址干扰消除器,其中所述多个扩频处理装置的每一个包括表面声波器件,该表面声波器件具有与对应于第i信道信号的片码信号匹配的脉冲响应。
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US08/279,477 US5553062A (en) | 1993-04-22 | 1994-07-26 | Spread spectrum CDMA interference canceler system and method |
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CNB021084270A Expired - Lifetime CN1223127C (zh) | 1994-07-26 | 1995-07-05 | 扩频干扰消除器系统 |
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