CN1491284A - 通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法 - Google Patents
通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1491284A CN1491284A CNA02804794XA CN02804794A CN1491284A CN 1491284 A CN1491284 A CN 1491284A CN A02804794X A CNA02804794X A CN A02804794XA CN 02804794 A CN02804794 A CN 02804794A CN 1491284 A CN1491284 A CN 1491284A
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法,其中用产抑制素的真菌发酵底物,其中底物含有大于20wt%的大豆成分。本发明还描述了一种食物制品,其含有一定量的一种或多种抑制素,以及一定量的一种或多种选自以下的化合物:多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维、多酚和皂苷,其中该食物制品的色彩a*值小于20。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法。本发明还涉及含有一种或多种抑制素的食物制品。
发明背景
抑制素是已知对人血液中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-胆固醇)含量具有降低效果的化合物。LDL-胆固醇升高(血胆固醇过多)与增加患冠心病的危险有直接关系。抑制素可抑制羟甲戊二酸单酰辅酶(HMG-CoA)还原酶,胆固醇生物合成中的速控步骤。
科学家研究证实了抑制素特别针对LDL血液-胆固醇和三酸甘油酯含量降低活性方面的健康特性,并且在动物和人中都有这种特性(Li等,Nutrition Research 18,71-81(1998);Heber等,Am.J.Clin.Nutr.69,231-236 (1999))。
关于抑制素效果的早期报告是在1979年作出的。日本科学家Endo从红曲霉中分离出可人工降低大鼠中诱导型高脂蛋白血的代谢物(Endo,J.Antibiotics 32,852-854,(1979))。这些代谢物已知是红曲霉素。红曲霉素等同于胆固醇降低药物洛伐他丁。洛伐他丁由Merck公司以商品名称Mevacor出售。洛伐他丁的衍生物,辛伐他丁,作为胆固醇降低药品以名称Zocor出售。洛伐他丁的其它衍生物,例如普伐他丁和美伐他丁,也作为血胆固醇过多的液体降低药品出售。在日本,红曲霉-提取物以胶囊的形式作为饮食制品红曲霉素出售。上述抑制素的通常剂量为20mg/天,具有至少20%血液LDL-胆固醇降低的效果。
据报导,除上述红曲霉菌种外,使用其它真菌的发酵中也能产生抑制素。据显示,抑制素可以通过各种丝状真菌来生产,包括红曲霉、曲霉属、青霉属、灰侧耳茵属、腐霉属、隐壳霉属、拟青霉属、Eupenicillium和束孢霉属。
药物制剂中所用的抑制素的制备和纯化包括很多步骤,其中所用的成分都是食品工业中不常用的。相比具有较少加工步骤的工艺,很多加工步骤增加了成本。出于这些原因,为药用而制备的抑制素是无法在食品工业中得到使用的。
作为食物制品,用红色红曲霉属真菌发酵的稻米(红米)是已知的并且在中国已有上百年的历史。红米得到使用并且仍在造酒中使用,作为食品着色剂和作为传统中国医药中的药品。我们发现,市场上可获得的大部分红米中并不合抑制素或含非常少量的抑制素。食品和药品管理局(The Food and Drug Administration)的结论认为,可从市场上获得的红色酵母米中不含显著量的洛伐他丁(FDA,Docket No.97-0441,Final Decision)。
WO 99/23996描述了一种用于治疗高血清胆固醇和/或三酸甘油酯的含有红米制品的组合物,其中所说的红米制品中含有至少0.05wt%洛伐他丁。
红米粉末胶囊由Pharmanex公司作为饮食补剂的形式以名称Cholestin出售。Pharmanex还销售含有红色酵母米(Monascuspurperus went)的Cholestin条状食品。
红米具有强烈的红色。红米的深红色当用作着色剂使用时是有利的,而当在食物制品中使用时是不利的。由于红米制品具有强烈红色,由红米制备的食品,根据向食物制品中添加的红米制品的量,而被染成黄色、橙色或红色。食品中添加的红米的量越高,食物制品的红色越深。在已知的食物制品中,为添加足够的抑制素就不得不添加相对大量的红米。这样就不可避免地导致制品带有红颜色。
在一些食物制品中,红米染色是不期望的。特别是在西方世界,消费者不愿意使用那些他们所习惯的颜色被改变了的产品。例如涂抹料,包括人造奶油、奶油、低脂涂抹料或色拉油,当这些产品的颜色是橙色或红色时,消费者认为是不可接受的。然而,同时我们发现,这些类型的产品却是每日摄取足够量抑制素以获得血液LDL-胆固醇降低效果的杰出载体。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种食物制品,这种食物制品没有因添加抑制素而产生不期望的颜色。本发明的另一个目的是增加含抑制素的已知食物制品的保健效果。本发明的再一个目的是提供一种含抑制素的食物制品的制备方法,该方法所中包括的加工步骤少于制备药物形式的抑制素时的步骤。另一种目的是提供一种方法,该方法可避免使用食品工业中不常用的配料或加工助剂。
这些目的的一个或多个是由通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法来实现的,其中用产抑制素的真菌发酵底物,其特征在于,底物含有大于20wt%的大豆成分。
此外,上述目的的一个或多个由含有以下成分的食物制品来实现:
a)一定量的一种或多种抑制素,
b)一定量的一种或多种选自以下的化合物:多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维包括可溶性纤维、多酚和皂苷,其中该食物制品的色彩a值小于20,优选小于20,最优选小于0。
优选,a)的量为5-100mg/kg和b)的量为1wt或更高。更优选b)的量是5wt%或更高。
我们发现,当用于红曲霉发酵的底物是大豆和/或大豆成分时,可以避免红米发酵中的发酵产物变成红色,即可获得不变色或仅微微变色的发酵产物。此外,我们发现存在于大豆中的具有有益健康效果的化合物也存在于发酵产物中。这些化合物包括(但不限于)多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维包括可溶性纤维、多酚和皂苷。发酵产物中含有这些化合物的结果是使本发明的食物制品,相比含有抑制素的已知食物制品,其保健效果得到增加。
发明详述
本文中将使用如下定义。
抑制素定义为具有下式(I)所示结构式的物质。
在此结构式中,R1和R2可以是任何基团。优选的抑制素是下表1中给出的化合物。
表1:根据式(1)的优选的抑制素
R1 R2
红曲霉素 K CH3
红曲霉素 L CH3 H
红曲霉素 J CH3 OH
红曲霉素 X CH3
红曲霉素 M CH3
密实菌素 H
(ML-236B)
ML-236-A H OH
NL-236-C H H
本文中的多酚是指植物来源的多酚。包括黄酮类化合物,其中包括异黄酮。多酚包括异黄酮、1,2-二苯乙烯、木酚素、香豆雌醇和resorcyclic acid内酯。异黄酮的实例是染料木素、大豆黄酮、牛尿酚、大豆黄素、鸡豆黄素A、香豆雌酚、maitaresinol、芒柄花黄素、0-去甲基engolesin、肠内酯和肠二醇。本发明中优选的异黄酮是染料木素和大豆黄酮以及大豆黄素,它们存在于大豆中。
本文中,皂苷是以β-D-吡喃葡糖苷醛酸衍生物的形式获得。皂苷的实例是大豆三萜苷元(soya sapogenol)A、B、C、D和E,大豆皂苷元I、II和III,如Lebensmittel Lexikon,B.Behr′s Verlag GmbH& Co.Hamburg,Bd.2,L-Z-3,1993,第550-552页中所述。
多不饱和脂肪酸酯定义为在脂肪酸链中具有一个以上不饱和基团的脂肪酸酯。多不饱和脂肪酸酯的实例是亚油酸酯、亚麻酸酯、花生四烯酸酯。
本文中,膳食纤维是指对人的胃肠酶消化具有耐受性的各种植物物质的集合性术语。取决于它们的溶解性,膳食纤维可以分成不溶性的(纤维素,一些半纤维素,木质素)和可溶性的(其余的半纤维素,树胶,粘胶)。大豆colyledon纤维中同时含有可溶性和不溶性的膳食纤维。
本文中,植物甾醇定义为由植物中产生的甾醇化合物,其结构上非常类似于胆固醇,不同之处是它们在甾醇侧链上的C24位含有一些取代基。植物甾醇包括4-去甲基甾醇、4-单甲基甾醇、4,4’-二甲基甾醇及其混合物。这种植物甾醇的实例是β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇。本文中,术语“植物甾醇”还包括饱和植物甾醇(phytostanols),植物甾醇的饱和等价物。
多酚、多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维和皂苷在下面将统称为大豆活性物。
除非另有说明,所给出的量按wt%或每百万分之重量份(ppm),mg/kg或g/kg计,相对于食物制品的总重量(除非另有说明)。
除非另有说明,本文中给出的抑制素的量是每种抑制素的量的总和,例如通过色谱法测定的。
本文中,底物定义为:当使用液体、水基发酵培养基时,发酵培养基中溶剂除外、例如水除外的总的化合物。当不含溶剂时,底物等于发酵培养基。
本文中给出的蛋白质量是每种蛋白质的量的总和,除非有另外的说明。
大豆活性物的量按多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维(包括可溶性纤维)、多酚和皂苷的总和(wt%或ppm)计。
食物制品的色彩a*值小于20,优选小于20,最优选小于0。色彩a*值的测定在以下的实施例中描述。
优选,本发明的食物制品不包括特别是适合用于饲养动物的制品(饲料)。
根据本发明可以制备很多食物制品,例如,涂抹料、汤料、面条、冰淇淋、调味汁、饰料、小吃、谷物制品、饮料、面包、饼干、其它焙烤制品、糖果、条状食品、巧克力、口香糖、乳制品、疗效制品例如减肥制品或代餐品等等。
如果将此食物制品按照消费者的普通需要使用,食物制品中存在的抑制素和大豆活性物的量应当足以获得血液LDL-胆固醇降低效果。
本领域技术人员能够调节抑制素和大豆活性物在食物制品中的百分比来达到上述效果。此百分比取决于食物制品的类型,因为使用一份食物制品的量值是不同的。此外,食物制品的消费模式(每天一份和几天内分配)取决于食物制品。关于一份食物的量值数据可见美国食品和药品管理局(the United States Food and DrugAdministration)(FDA)出版的标题为“每份食物常规消费的参考量(Reference Amounts customarily con sumed per eatingoccasion)”的目录表。
优选,本发明的食物制品中,抑制素的量为5-500mg/kg,并且大豆活性物的量为1wt%或更高。更优选,大豆活性物的量为5wt%或更高,或者10wt%或更高。最优选,大豆活性物的量为20wt%或更高。
作为示例,下表2中显示了一些本发明可以制备的制品以及典型的一份的量。
表2
制品 每日一份的量
人造奶油 15g
肉制品 50g
饰料 30g
糖果 10g
条状食品 75g
代餐饮料 330ml
饮料 200ml
优选,本发明的食物制品中含有抑制素和非糖基化的异黄酮。在大豆以及从大豆获得的大豆物料中,异黄酮基本上是以糖基化的形式存在。一般来说,约5wt%的异黄酮是以非糖基化的形式存在的。最重要的糖基化异黄酮是染料木苷,大豆苷和glycetin。非糖基化的形式分别是染料木素、大豆黄酮和甘油黄酮(glycetein)。染料木素、大豆黄酮和甘油黄酮(glycetein)据报道具有有利于健康的效果,包括雌激素和抗氧化剂特性。
我们发现,由于本发明的发酵,使糖基化的异黄酮转变成相应的非糖基化的异黄酮,从而达到更有益。例如,相比未发酵的大豆,在发酵大豆中的染料木素和大豆黄酮的量有所增加。意想不到的是,随着这种有利转化的同时还产生出抑制素。
因此,本发明还涉及一种食物制品,其中抑制素的量为5-500mg/kg,并且含有一定量的染料木素和染料木苷,其中染料木素的量为染料木素和染料木苷总量的10-99wt%、优选15-99wt%、更优选20-95wt%、进一步优选20-90wt%、最优选20-80wt%。
因此,本发明还涉及一种食物制品,其中抑制素的量为5-500mg/kg,并且含有一定量的大豆黄酮,其中大豆黄酮的量为大豆黄酮和大豆苷总量的10-99wt%、优选15-99wt%、更优选20-95wt%、进一步更优选20-90wt%、最优选20-80wt%。
对每种食物制品而言,染料木素和大豆黄酮的绝对量可以由本领域技术人员来调整至需要的含量。这可以例如通过从具有不同异黄酮含量的物料中选择发酵用的大豆物料;通过调节发酵条件,诸如发酵时间以及通过选择向食物制品中添加的发酵大豆的量来实现。按此方式,可以将所说的量调整至使每天摄取需要的异黄酮,例如对染料木素而言可以是50-80mg/天。本发明食物制品中染料木素的优选的绝对含量,取决于食品的类型,可以是50mg/kg或更多、更优选100mg/kg或更多、200mg/kg或更多、500mg/kg或更多,最优选200-5000mg/kg。同样,大豆黄酮的绝对含量取决于食品的类型,可以是50mg/kg或更多、更优选100mg/kg或更多、200mg/kg或更多、500mg/kg或更多,最优选200-5000mg/kg。
优选,本发明的食物制品是涂抹料、肉制品、调味汁如酱油、醋、汤料、焙烤品、饮料或条状食品。这些制品是优选的,因为它们的食用,相比其它食物制品,可以达到更恒定地摄取抑制素和大豆活性物的方式。本发明的更优选的食物制品是涂抹料、谷物制条状食品、饮料或早餐谷物制品。
下面将通过描述更优选食物制品的适宜的实施方案,来对本发明作进一步的举例说明。使用本文所提供的教导来制备本发明的其它产品是本领域技术人员力所能及的。
涂抹料
一般来说,本发明的涂抹料是水包油型或油包水型乳液,但还有的涂抹料基本上不含脂肪,也包括在本发明中。涂抹料包括人造奶油和液体烹调制品。涂抹料可以是可涂抹并且不能倾倒的,或者是在使用温度如2-10℃下可倾倒的。脂肪含量可以有很大不同,例如全脂肪人造奶油中含有60-90wt%脂肪,中等脂肪含量的人造奶油中含有30-60wt%脂肪,低脂肪制品中含有10-30wt%脂肪,以及非常低或无脂肪人造奶油中含有0-10wt%脂肪。
人造奶油或其它涂抹料中的脂肪可以是任何食用脂肪,经常使用的是大豆油、菜籽油、向日葵油和棕榈油。脂肪可以原样使用或者以改性的形式使用,例如经过氢化、酯化、精制等。其它适宜的油是本领域公知的并且可以按需要进行选择。
有利地,人造奶油或涂抹料的pH可以是5.0-6.5,但其它pH范围也是可以的。
除人造奶油外,涂抹料的实例是干酪涂抹料、甜涂抹料、酸奶涂抹料等等。
涂抹料中的非必须的其它成分可以是乳化剂、着色剂、维生素、防腐剂、乳化剂、树胶、增稠剂等。产品的其余成分正常情况下是水。
平均一份人造奶油或其它涂抹料的典型量值是15克。人造奶油或涂抹料中抑制素的优选含量是:20-500mg/kg抑制素,更优选的范围是50-250mg/kg抑制素。
饮料
本发明的优选的食物制品是饮料,例如茶、果汁、软饮料、代餐饮品等。代餐饮品将在下面作更详细描述。显然,对于其它含抑制素和大豆活性物的饮料来说可以使用相似的含量和组成。
一份饮料的典型量值是取200ml。饮料中抑制素的优选含量是5-100mg/kg,更优选10-80mg/kg。
条状食品,包括谷物制条状食品
这种制品中经常含有可食物料的基质,其中可以掺加抑制素和大豆活性物。例如,基质可以是脂肪基料的(例如糖皮或巧克力),或者可以是以焙烤制品为基料的(面包,面团,曲奇等)。优选,食物制品是谷物制条状食品,其中基质是以附聚的谷物颗粒为基料(稻米,谷粒,果仁,葡萄干,水果颗粒)。
条状食品的基质物质的量可以占条状食品重量的60-95wt%,优选70-90wt%,最优选75-85wt%。
谷物制条状食品中的其它成分可以是淀粉、糖(例如0-10wt%)、糖浆、蜂蜜、乳固体、盐(例如0-5wt%)、碳酸钙、维生素、增香剂和着色剂。
通常,将成分混合并且熟化(例如,通过熟化挤出),来生产(谷物制)条状食品。
条状食品的典型量值可以是20-200g,通常是40-100g。这种制品中优选含量是25-500mg/kg抑制素。此含量的更优选的范围是50-300mg/kg。
可以向产品中添加其它成分,例如增香物质、维生素、矿物质等。
食物制品的制备
根据本发明,将从大豆和/或其成分制备的底物,用产抑制素的真菌发酵,并且使用这种发酵产物来制备食物制品。下面将举例说明这些步骤。在此举例说明中,产抑制素的真菌是红曲霉属。
发酵按已知方式进行。发酵在至少一个发酵容器(发酵罐)中进行,其中在发酵容器中存在含有大豆和/或其成分的培养基。通过添加红曲霉属真菌孢子的悬浮液(接种物)来使发酵开始进行(接种),其中所说的悬浮液是通过将红曲霉真菌在分离(separate)培养基中发酵制成。发酵可以间歇式进行或者以连续式过程来进行。
发酵包括以下步骤,按所给的顺序进行:
a)制备接种物用的培养基和亟待在发酵罐中使用的培养基
b)将培养基、发酵罐和辅助设备灭菌
c)生产接种物
d)在发酵罐中,向含有大豆和/或其成分的培养基中添加接种物
e)进行发酵
f)从发酵罐中取出发酵产物。
将此发酵产物用于制备本发明的食物制品。
非必须地,在将发酵产物用于制备食物制品之前,可以进行以下附加的加工步骤:
g)将发酵产物灭菌
h)将发酵产物(或经过灭菌的发酵产物)干燥
i)进行一步或更多步分离步骤,例如萃取,以便从发酵产物中的红曲霉生物质中分离抑制素和大豆活性物。
发酵罐中所用的培养基可以是固体或液体。有利地,培养基是固体,最优选的培养基基本上由经过破碎的整大豆组成,将其用水浸泡(例如30wt%水)。当培养基是液体时,通常是存在水作为培养基的主要构成成分。
优选使用整大豆作为发酵用的底物。整大豆的典型组成是42wt%蛋白质、20wt%油、35wt%总碳水化合物、5wt%灰分和5.5wt%粗纤维(Kawamura,S.,Tech.Bull.Faculty Agric.,Kagawa Univ.,18,117(1967))。
可以在发酵罐用的培养基中使用大豆的部分或成分来代替整大豆,例如使用大豆蛋白(包括质构化的植物蛋白质)、大豆乳、大豆薄片等。需要注意的是,培养基中应当含有可以提供用于红曲霉属真菌生长的碳源和氮源的化合物。
本发明中所用的红曲霉属真菌可以是能够产生抑制素的任何红曲霉属真菌。优选真菌选自红色红曲霉。首选的是红色红曲霉F125M1-4。
菌株F125和F125 M1-4保藏在the Centraal Bureau voorSchimmelculturen(CBS),保藏号为CBS 109070(2000年11月14日保藏)和CBS 109269(2001年1月23日保藏)。
这些保藏是布达佩斯条约规定下,根据微生物保藏的国际承认,用于专利程序及其细则目的而作出的(布达佩斯条约)。
保藏材料的利用不能解释为是在违背任何政府的主管部门根据其专利法所授权的权利的前提下实践本发明的许可。
通常情况下,在发酵前要对培养基进行灭茵,例如通过热处理,如巴氏灭菌法。
发酵罐中的培养基可以含有其它可能有助于发酵的物质,例如糖、氨基酸和维生素。
发酵可以按本领域技术人员根据发酵技术普通常规知识来确定的方式进行。下面描述一个优选的实施方案作为举例说明。
发酵温度是重要的。温度优选在10-37℃的范围内,更优选20-30℃。我们发现,在37℃和更高温度下,抑制素的产生降低。
优选,在发酵过程中,给培养基充气,例如通过搅拌、摇动等。充气可以通过让空气吹过发酵培养基来实施。优选当采用固态发酵时,将空气用水蒸气完全或部分地饱和。这样可以避免发酵培养基的干燥。
抑制素对大豆活性物的相对含量取决于发酵时间。因此发酵时间依发酵产物中抑制素的所需量而定。优选的发酵时间是1-60天,更优选1-50天,进一步更优选15-40天,最优选20-30天。
在添加到食物制品中之前,可以对发酵产物进行分离步骤的处理,以便从发酵产物中的红曲霉生物质中分离抑制素和大豆活性物。这种分离可以用已知的分离技术来进行,例如过滤或离心。
还可以将发酵产物萃取,并且可以将萃取物用于制备食物制品。优选的萃取剂是食用级的萃取剂。更优选的萃取剂是乙醇。最优选的萃取剂是植物油,例如大豆油或向日葵油。
可以对发酵产物进行萃取。或者,可以在萃取之前将红曲霉生物质从发酵产物中分离,例如通过过滤。可以对这种红曲霉生物质单独进行萃取,并且所得的萃取物也可以用于制备食物制品。
可以将萃取物原样直接用于制备食物制品。优选,可以从萃取物中除去萃取溶剂,例如将萃取溶剂蒸发。
有利地,可以使用食用油作为萃取剂。食用油优选是植物油,例如大豆油或向日葵油。当用植物油萃取发酵产物时,据发现抑制素可被有效萃取,并且可获得含有基本上所有抑制素的油相。所得的萃取物非常适合直接用作食品成分。
最有利的是,在发酵过程中将萃取剂,例如植物油,添加到发酵培养基中。我们发现,在萃取剂的存在下,发酵过程中抑制素的产生有可观地增加。通过在发酵过程中添加植物油,相比不加萃取剂的发酵,可以使所产生的抑制素的量增加至少10倍,更优选至少40倍。优选萃取剂应当不干扰发酵,特别是它对产抑制素的真菌而言应当不是有毒的。在发酵过程中,底物中存在的油的量优选是至少5wt%油(w/w底物),更优选大于10wt%,最优选至少20wt%。优选油是可食用的油,更优选是植物食用油,例如向日葵油或大豆油。尽管可以使用动物和植物脂肪,但出于保健原因,它们是不太优选的。
在本发明的制备食物制品的过程中,可以将这种发酵产物(包括萃取物等)直接添加到食物制品成分中。可以将其添加到食物制品组合物的其它成分中,或者可以将它添加到一部分成分中,然后加入其它成分。如果食物制品中存在有一个以上的相,则发酵产物可以存在于这些相的一个或更多个相中。优选,发酵产物基本上存在于油相中,如果这种油相存在的话。
本发明将在以下的实施例中作进一步举例说明。
实施例
实施例1
A.制备红曲霉菌株F125 M1-4
将红色红曲霉菌株F125在麦芽汁水液体培养基中于30℃下培养4天。从此培养物中,取1ml作为用于Hybond-N滤器(Amersham,UK)的接种物使用,将其中所说的滤器放在YE平板上(4%葡萄糖,0.3%KH2PO4,1.0%酵母提取物(Difco),1.5%琼脂)。经过3天的在30℃下的保温培养后,通过用10ml含0.1%吐温80的生理盐水洗涤滤器,收获得到孢子。将孢子通过Mira滤布过滤4次,获得不含茵丝的孢子悬浮液。使用此悬浮液用于随后的诱变。
将孢子稀释至108个孢子/ml的浓度,然后暴置于100焦耳/m2强度的UV光下。将此诱变处理的孢子放在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(Oxoid)上,并且保温培养3周。选择所得集落中的一个比其它集落颜色较浅的集落,并且在此定义作红曲霉菌株F125 M1-4。
B.制备红曲霉孢子
通过从PDA(马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂)(oxoid)斜面培养基中收获红曲霉菌丝体,来制备红曲霉f125M1-4孢子,即用5ml生理盐水洗涤斜面培养基,并且将菌丝体在150ml麦芽汁水(oxoid)中于30℃下保温培养4天。通过Mira滤布过滤收获得到孢子。
C.发酵
C.1.制备接种物
在含有大豆的摇瓶中,接种悬浮于含0.1wt%吐温80(聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,得自ICI Specialty ChemicalsTM)生理盐水溶液中的丝状孢子。将此摇瓶保温培养,让霉菌生长。由此得到红曲霉孢子悬浮液,通过稀释调整至1×106个孢子/ml的浓度。
C.2.制备发酵培养基
将1kg大豆浸泡在自来水(50℃)中30分钟。浸泡过后,将大豆用冷自来水漂洗。随后,将50g批量的浸泡大豆(97%大豆)送入300ml锥形烧瓶中。
C.3.发酵
给每个摇瓶接种1ml制备的红曲霉孢子悬浮液,并且在30℃下保温培养30天。每周从摇瓶中取样,来监测抑制素的产生。
发酵后,剩留约600g的大豆。
D.发酵产物的抑制素分析
将发酵产物样品在50ml管(Falcon)中,通过添加6ml乙腈、水和磷酸的混合物(1∶1∶0.05,v/v/v)来萃取。将混合物与Ultraturrax共混1分钟。然后,将混合物在室温下于rollerbank上保温培养24小时以上。之后将样品离心,并且使用上清液用于HPLC分析。在Shimadzu仪器上按照Morovjan等,J.chromatogr.A 763(1997)165-172中所述的方法使用HPLC分析来分离样品。该系统由ShimadzuSCL-10A系统控制器、CTO-10AS柱烘箱、LC-10AT vp泵系统、RID-10A折射率检测器、SPD-M10A二极管阵列检测器和SIL-10AD自动进样器组成。对于色谱测定抑制素,使用Waters NovaPak C18(150×3.9mm I.D.,4μm)柱,在25℃下操作。洗脱液是乙腈-0.1%磷酸(50∶50,v/v)溶液,流速为1.5ml/min。洗脱进行15分钟。使用二极管阵列检测器从190nm至最高800nm进行检测。测定光谱中属于抑制素的所有峰的面积的总和。与标准样(Mevinolin,Sigma)比较,计算抑制素含量(按mg/kg被分析产物计)。
分析结果得到抑制素含量为1200mg/kg产物。
E.萃取发酵产物
将发酵产物用乙醇和乙腈萃取。如上述D所述,通过HPLC测定,大豆萃取物中含有0.0545g抑制素/kg(乙醇萃取物)或0.0978g抑制素/kg(乙腈萃取物)。
F.萃取物的颜色分析
当对颜色进行分类时,可以将它们分解成三原素。一个是色彩(颜色),另一个是色调(亮度),以及第三个是色度(饱和度,如鲜明颜色或黯淡颜色)。为能够使任何人告诉其他任何人他们所谈论的确切是什么颜色,使用通用数码。所用的这种数码是L*a*b*。当按此体系来表达颜色时,色调变成L*,而色彩和色度分别按a*和b*来表示。测定发酵过程中不同时间样品的L*a*b*。将样品的上清液用微孔0.22μm滤器过滤灭菌。用Shimatzu的UV 1601分光荧光计(spectofotometer)测定此澄清液体的L*a*b*。
大豆萃取物的L*a*b*值:
用红色红曲霉M1-4发酵的大豆
L*=90.2;a*=-4.8;b*=33.8
G.制备可倾型人造奶油
使用发酵产物的乙醇萃取物作进一步加工。借助旋转蒸发器除去乙醇。使用残余物制作可倾型人造奶油组合物。使用不合发酵产物残余物的可倾型人造奶油组合物进行颜色方面的比较。
可倾型人造奶油的组成见下表3。
表3.实施例1的可倾型人造奶油的组成
成分 | 用量(以总量的wt%计) |
向日葵油 | 79.6 |
菜籽油(硬化至70℃熔点) | 1.95 |
卵磷脂(BOLEC MT) | 0.18 |
卵磷脂(Cetinol) | 0.2 |
山梨酸钾 | 0.0125 |
水 | 18.0 |
抑制素 | 0.00011 |
可倾型人造奶油的颜色不同于不合抑制素萃取物、但含20wt%水的对照。
对比实施例A
重复实施例1,步骤B-G,但用从红米(中国的市售产品)中分离的红曲霉菌株代替红曲霉茵株F125 M1-4。
按照实施例1的步骤F测定萃取物的L*a*b*值。这些值是:
L*=90.2;a*=56.1;b*=63.9
对比实施例B
重复实施例1步骤B-G的过程,然而在步骤C.2中,使用1kg稻米(煮半熟的稻米,Oryza)代替1kg大豆。发酵后,剩留约500g稻米。
按照实施例1的步骤F测定萃取物的L*a*b*值。这些值是:
L*=80; a*=54; b*=49
实施例2
制备具有下表4所示组成的涂抹料。
表4:实施例2的涂抹料的组成
成分 | 用量(以总量的wt%计) |
向日葵油 | 69.295 |
脂肪共混物 | 10.5 |
β-胡萝卜素 | 0.125 |
单酸甘油酯(Hymono 8903) | 0.08 |
水 | 13.33 |
实施例1C的乙醇萃取物 | 6.67 |
总计 | 100 |
脂肪共混物是65wt%棕榈油硬脂酸甘油酯的中间级分和35wt%棕榈仁油的混合物。
涂抹料的制备是通过将成分在预混罐中于55℃下预混,并且将预混物送入带有两个刮板表面热交换器(A-单元)和一个结晶器(C-单元)的Votator中,其中所说的刮板表面热交换器在每分钟800转(rpm)下操作,结晶器在200rpm下操作。其构型是A-A-C。
抑制素在涂抹料中的含量为74mg/kg。此涂抹料的颜色不同于不含抑制素萃取物、但含20wt%水的对照。
实施例3
添加油的发酵
在10升反应器中装入8升底物(葡萄糖20g/l,甘油100g/l,淀粉20g/l,NaNO3 2g/l,MgSO4 5g/l),并且设定至每分钟6体积变化(vvm)的空气流速。在YPD中于30℃下制备预培养物两天,并且用来接种1×107孢子/1浓度的红色红曲霉F125M1-4发酵罐。将培养物在25℃和200rpm条件下保温培养3周。22天之后,向10升反应器中添加400ml大豆油。
49天后,停止发酵,并且测定水相和油相中的抑制素的量。结果示于下表5中。
表5. 49天发酵后不同相中的抑制素的量(mg/l)
水相 | 油相 | 总计 | |
相的体积(1) | 6.6 | 0.4 | 7 |
抑制素(mg/l) | 2.37 | 1420 | 83.4 |
发酵结束时,97wt%的抑制素存在于油相中。可见油相和水相中的抑制素含量之间有很大的差异。补充油增加了反应器中抑制素的总量。没有补充油的对照反应器中含有1.8mg/l抑制素,而补充油的反应器中显出具有总量为83.4mg/l的抑制素。补充油的反应器中的抑制素含量,比没有油发酵所获得的抑制素的量高45倍。
向固态发酵添加大豆油也可刺激抑制素的产生。
实施例4
按照实施例1进行步骤A、B和D。
C.发酵
C.1.制备接种物
在含有脱皮大豆的摇瓶中,接种悬浮于含0.1wt%吐温80(聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,得自ICI Specialty ChemicalsTM)生理盐水溶液中的丝状孢子。将此摇瓶保温培养,让霉菌生长。由此得到红曲霉孢子悬浮液,通过稀释调整至1×106个孢子/ml的浓度。
C.2.制备发酵培养基
将1kg脱皮大豆浸泡在自来水(50℃)中30分钟,并且随后用空气干燥2小时。随后,将50g批量的干燥脱皮大豆送入300ml锥形烧瓶中。
C.3.发酵
给每个摇瓶接种1ml制备的红曲霉孢子悬浮液,并且在30℃下保温培养30天。每周从摇瓶中取样,来监测抑制素的产生。
发酵后,剩留约600g的大豆。根据步骤D的分析,抑制素含量为2800mg/kg产物。
E.发酵产物的异黄酮分析
按照Franke A.A.,等(1998):食品和人流体中异黄酮类化合物和其它酚类试剂的HPLC分析(HPLC analysis of isoflavonoidsand other phenolic agents from foods and human fluids);Proceed.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med;217(3),274-280中描述的方法,测定异黄酮浓度。
测试两种样品。第一种(对比)样品取自如上步骤C2所制备的未发酵的发酵培养基。第二种样品为相等(固体)重量,但取自发酵产物。这些样品的异黄酮测定结果示于下表3。
表3.发酵和未发酵大豆中异黄酮的浓度
异黄酮 | 异黄酮浓度(g/kg) | |
发酵培养基(未发酵的) | 发酵产物 | |
大豆苷 | 1.107 | 0.304 |
染料木苷 | 1.608 | 0.476 |
大豆黄酮 | 0.057 | 0.9 |
染料木素 | 0.085 | 0.494 |
总计 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
表3显示了发酵产物中的总的异黄酮的量比未发酵物料有所降低,但是意想不到的是,染料木素和大豆黄酮的量有所增加。发酵产物中除抑制素外还含有显著量的异黄酮。
Claims (18)
1.通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法,其中用产抑制素的真菌发酵底物,其特征在于,底物中含有大于20wt%的大豆成分。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,底物中含有大于50wt%的大豆成分。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中,底物中含有大于80wt%的大豆成分。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中,产抑制素的真菌是红曲霉属真菌。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中,在发酵过程中,底物中存在有至少5wt%的油。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中油是食用油。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中油是植物食用油。
8.权利要求5-7任一项的方法,其中油的量为至少10wt%。
9.红曲霉菌株F125 M1-4,其于2000年11月14日保藏在theCentraal Bureau voor Schimmelculturen,保藏号为CBS 109070。
10.含有以下成分的食物制品:
a)一定量的一种或多种抑制素,
b)一定量的一种或多种选自以下的化合物:多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维、多酚和皂苷,
其中,该食物制品的色彩a*值小于20。
11.权利要求10的食物制品,其中,一种或多种抑制素的量为5-500mg/kg,含有一定量的染料木素和染料木苷,其中染料木素的量为染料木素和染料木苷总量的10-99wt%。
12.权利要求11的食物制品,其中,染料木素的量为染料木素和染料木苷总量的20-95wt%。
13.权利要求12的食物制品,其中,染料木素的量为染料木素和染料木苷总量的20-80wt%。
14.权利要求10的食物制品,其中,a)的量是5-500mg/kg并且b)的量是1wt或更高。
15.权利要求11的食物制品,其中,b)的量是5wt%或更高。
16.权利要求10-15任一项的食物制品,其中,食物制品的色彩a*值小于10。
17.权利要求10的食物制品,其中,选自以下化合物的一种或多种化合物基本上得自于大豆:多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、蛋白质、肽、膳食纤维、多酚和皂苷。
18.权利要求10的食物制品,其中,食物制品是人造奶油、饰料、糖果、条状代餐食品、早餐谷物制品或饮料。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP01200489.1 | 2001-02-09 | ||
EP01200493 | 2001-02-09 | ||
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EP01200489 | 2001-02-09 |
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CNA200610105865XA Division CN1943409A (zh) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-01-30 | 通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法 |
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CN1491284A true CN1491284A (zh) | 2004-04-21 |
CN1273608C CN1273608C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
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CNB02804794XA Expired - Fee Related CN1273608C (zh) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-01-30 | 通过发酵制备一种或多种抑制素的方法 |
CNB028048083A Expired - Fee Related CN100456962C (zh) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-01-30 | 含大豆蛋白和抑制素的食物制品 |
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CNB028048083A Expired - Fee Related CN100456962C (zh) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-01-30 | 含大豆蛋白和抑制素的食物制品 |
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US (2) | US6849281B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1357807B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1273608C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE356554T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002235885A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60218822T2 (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2002064809A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (22)
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US20040043013A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2004-03-04 | Mccleary Edward Larry | Metabolic uncoupling therapy |
US20050025812A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-02-03 | Forest Carl A. | Salad dressing with weight loss supplement |
KR100379075B1 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-04-08 | Jinis Biopharmaceuticals Co | Method for producing low cholesterol animal food product and food product therefrom |
DE602004023536D1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2009-11-19 | Unilever Nv | Süssware |
US20050175751A1 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-11 | Cheng-Jen Lin | Method of extracting isoflavon from soybeans |
CN1946304A (zh) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-04-11 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 包含他汀的组合物 |
RU2006141847A (ru) * | 2004-04-28 | 2008-06-10 | Юнилевер Н.В. (Nl) | Композиция, содержащая статины |
US20050281932A1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-22 | Good Humor - Breyers Ice Cream | Frozen confection |
CA2574366A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | Thia Medica As | Composition comprising plant and/or fish oils and compounds comprising non-oxidizable fatty acid entities |
AU2005276686B2 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2008-11-20 | Unilever Plc | Composition comprising statin |
RU2421076C2 (ru) * | 2005-04-06 | 2011-06-20 | Нестек С.А. | Способ и композиция для улучшения с помощью питания регуляции глюкозы и действия инсулина |
US8486469B2 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2013-07-16 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Low-calorie food bar |
EP2036444A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-18 | Dietetics Pharma S.r.l. | Liquid nutraceutic preparation containing free plant sterols |
US20110151031A1 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2011-06-23 | Dbc, Llc | Compositions and methods for utilizing the same |
CN102625705B (zh) * | 2009-04-08 | 2015-05-06 | 南洋理工学院 | 包含他汀类药物的植物提取物及其制备技术和用途 |
JP5756477B2 (ja) | 2010-01-29 | 2015-07-29 | 株式会社アモーレパシフィックAmorepacific Corporation | クメストロールの生産方法 |
WO2012063985A2 (ko) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-18 | 김용문 | 콜레스테롤 저하용 햄버거 및 이의 제조방법 |
GB201115417D0 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-10-19 | Ip Science Ltd | Products and methods |
CN105124424A (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-09 | 黄琪淋 | 具有降脂降压功效的即食红米竹筒饭及其制作方法 |
ITUA20162441A1 (it) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-08 | Massimo Farinon | Pasta alimentare |
CN108925833A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-04 | 黄山大地绿宁生物科技有限公司 | 一种发酵冻干米稀及其生产方法 |
CN112335836A (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | 湖南侗都米业股份有限公司 | 一种红米糍粑制备方法 |
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US4218489A (en) * | 1977-06-08 | 1980-08-19 | Z-L Limited Partnership | Antioxidants, antioxidant compositions and methods of preparing and using same |
JPS5925599B2 (ja) * | 1979-02-20 | 1984-06-19 | 三共株式会社 | 新生理活性物質モナコリンkおよびその製造法 |
US5250435A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1993-10-05 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Mutant strains of Aspergillus terreus for producing 7-[1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexa-hydro-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-8(S)-hydroxy-1(S)-naphthyl]-3(R),5(R)-dihydroxyheptanoic acid (triol acid),I) |
NZ245713A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1994-12-22 | Novopharm Ltd | Production of the antibiotic lovastatin from genetically engineered aspergillus strains |
USRE40792E1 (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 2009-06-23 | Novogen Research Pty Ltd | Health supplements containing phyto-oestrogens, analogues or metabolites thereof |
US5795910A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1998-08-18 | Cor Therapeutics, Inc. | Method and compositions for inhibiting protein kinases |
US5670632A (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-09-23 | Acds Technologies, Ltd. | Process for obtaining an isoflavone concentrate from a soybean extract |
PT902624E (pt) * | 1996-02-29 | 2001-04-30 | Nutri Pharma As | Composicao e sua utilizacao como suplemento alimentar ou para diminuir os lipidos no soro |
MY116591A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2004-02-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Process for the production of lipstatin and tetrahydrolipstatin |
US6046022A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 2000-04-04 | Peking University | Methods and compositions employing red rice fermentation products |
CZ326896A3 (cs) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-13 | Milo Olomouc, A. S. | Tuk se specifickými protisklerotickými účinky |
US6165512A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-12-26 | Fuisz Technologies Ltd. | Dosage forms containing taste masked active agents |
AU767245B2 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2003-11-06 | Nutri Pharma Asa | Composition comprising soy protein, dietary fibres and a phytoestrogen compound and use thereof in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases |
US20020160060A1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2002-10-31 | Mandy Kim Chen | Enriched spreads |
HUP9902352A1 (hu) * | 1999-07-12 | 2000-09-28 | Gyógyszerkutató Intézet Kft. | Eljárás pravasztatin mikrobiológiai előállítására |
CN1272368A (zh) * | 2000-04-28 | 2000-11-08 | 谢申猛 | 一种用于降低血脂血糖的富硒红曲 |
EP1176208A1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-01-30 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Koji molds and use thereof for preparing cholesterol-lowering products |
-
2002
- 2002-01-30 AU AU2002235885A patent/AU2002235885A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-30 EP EP02719746A patent/EP1357807B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-30 CN CNB02804794XA patent/CN1273608C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-30 WO PCT/EP2002/000999 patent/WO2002064809A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-30 CN CNB028048083A patent/CN100456962C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-30 AT AT02719746T patent/ATE356554T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-30 DE DE60218822T patent/DE60218822T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-30 WO PCT/EP2002/000998 patent/WO2002063976A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-01-30 EP EP02702333A patent/EP1358343A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-08 US US10/072,580 patent/US6849281B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-08 US US10/072,570 patent/US20030108657A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030108657A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1358343A2 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
WO2002064809A2 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
DE60218822D1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
AU2002235885A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
DE60218822T2 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
CN1491085A (zh) | 2004-04-21 |
US20030104004A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1357807A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
EP1357807B1 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
CN1273608C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
CN100456962C (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
US6849281B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
WO2002063976A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
WO2002064809A3 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
ATE356554T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
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