CN1477030A - 容器瓶口的分级晶化 - Google Patents

容器瓶口的分级晶化 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1477030A
CN1477030A CNA031104185A CN03110418A CN1477030A CN 1477030 A CN1477030 A CN 1477030A CN A031104185 A CNA031104185 A CN A031104185A CN 03110418 A CN03110418 A CN 03110418A CN 1477030 A CN1477030 A CN 1477030A
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Prior art keywords
crystallization
bottleneck
pars intermedia
classification
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CNA031104185A
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Inventor
T��E����ϣ��
T·E·纳希尔
K·J·巴克
B·A·林奇
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Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc
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Continental PET Technologies Inc
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Publication of CN1477030A publication Critical patent/CN1477030A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供一种容器(20a)、一种容器坯件(20)以及一种制造容器或者坯件的方法，其中，该坯件或容器的瓶口至少局部为可晶化聚合物结构，所述瓶口具有：一个远离所述坯件或容器的本体的第一端部(26)、一个与所述坯件或容器的本体相邻的第二端部(30)、以及一个在所述端部之间的中间部(28)。瓶口的第一端部形成一个端表面(32)，所述瓶口的端部和中间部形成连续内外表面(36，34)。在所述端部、内外表面至少之一的聚合物材料被晶化，所述瓶口的在与所述至少一个表面相垂直的方向上的晶化分级成从所述表面的晶化至在与所述表面间隔的瓶口内的位置处基本没有晶化。

Description

容器瓶口的分级晶化
                     技术领域
本发明涉及模制聚合物结构的容器，尤其涉及在容器颈部瓶口的晶化。
                     背景技术
晶化聚合物结构的容器，比如PET结构，传统上用吹制注模法制造，其中，用注模法制造坯件，然后，再将坯件经过吹制操作，以形成容器。在注模操作中将容器瓶口形成最后的几何形状或者基本最后的几何形状，该容器瓶口一般是非晶体聚合物结构。在吹制注模法中拉伸容器本体，使其本体具有取向的聚合物结构。有人提出，通过晶化颈部瓶口的全部或者选定部分来强化和刚化容器的瓶口部分。请参见美国专利4,618,515、4,928,835和6,217,818。当瓶口的晶化部分含有其外观为乳状不透明的晶体球粒时，容器本体和瓶口的未晶化部分一般是半透明的。
本发明中的术语“晶化聚合物”是指能被晶化的任何聚合物。这些聚合物不仅包括如PET这种常用来制造容器的可晶化的聚合物，也包括聚烯烃，比如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺，如尼龙。尽管本发明公开一些与PET有关的聚合物的具体实施例，但本发明决不仅仅局限于该聚合物或该聚合物的一族。
而且，在本发明中当涉及至少可局部晶化的聚合物结构的容器或坯件时，或者涉及可晶化聚合物结构的坯件或者容器时，此种术语不仅指完全可晶化聚合物结构的容器，而且也指其内外层均是可晶化聚合物结构的多层容器。该容器或坯件的其它中间层可以包括防止气体穿过容器壁部迁移的阻挡材料，处理再研磨层和/或包括后用户树脂的层。这些中间层可以被仅包括在容器的本体内，比如，容器瓶口是不分层的聚合物结构，或者这些中间层延伸入容器的瓶口中。请参见美国专利4,550,043、4,609,516、4,781,954、4,990,301以及5,098,274。
                     发明内容
已有人提出，晶化PET容器的整个瓶口，以提高容器瓶口的尺寸稳定性。但是，这种完全晶化可以导致由于晶化带来的收缩，这种收缩在容器封闭件会最终与瓶口固定的螺纹部段是不可接受到。相反地，完全非晶化的瓶口会在容器被热充填并被封闭时，由于容器的温度会超过塑料的玻璃过渡温度，从而会软化和运动。因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种技术来选择地晶化容器瓶口的局部，在容器封闭件固定的瓶口密封螺纹区域，基本上减少或消除由于晶化引起的瓶口收缩，该选择性晶化与整个瓶口区域晶化相比降低了能量消耗。本发明的其它或者更为具体的目的是提供一种用于吹制注模中空塑料容器的坯件、中空塑料容器、以及一种用于形成其瓶口被选择性地按如上所述晶化的中空塑料容器的方法。
根据本发明，以下述方法通过选择性地晶化坯件的颈部瓶口实现这些目的以及其它目的，即：在瓶口的至少第一部分基本晶化、在瓶口的第二部分基本没有晶化、在瓶口的第一部分和第二部分之间分级晶化。术语“分级晶化”是指在基本晶化和基本没有晶化之间的逐步过渡，与颈部瓶口的已晶化和未晶化部分之间的未分级图案有显著分别。晶化的分级是连续的，在距离上是线性的或者非线性的。
本发明体现的一些方面可以单独实施，或彼此结合实施。
根据本发明的第一方面，中空塑料容器或坯件上的瓶口具有：一个整体的本体、一个其端表面与本体间隔的第一端部、一个与本体相邻的第二端部、以及一个在端部之间的中间部。第一端部和中间部形成连续的内、外表面。在端部、内、外表面至少之一上晶化瓶口，瓶口在与一个表面垂直的方向的晶化被分级成：从该表面的晶化至与该表面间隔的瓶口内部的位置基本没有晶化。
本发明的另一方面提供一种制造中空塑料容器的方法，其包括：模制至少可局部晶化的聚合物结构的坯件、吹制模制该坯件以形成中空塑料容器。在吹制模制坯件之前或随后吹制模制坯件时，将瓶口晶化成至少第一端部被晶化，从第一端部分级晶化所述瓶口。
根据本发明的另一方面，中空塑料容器或坯件上的瓶口至少是局部可晶化的聚合物结构，将瓶口连接到与该瓶口成一体的本体上。瓶口具有：一远离本体的端部、一个与本体相邻的封盖凸缘、以及一个在端部和封盖凸缘之间的中间部。端部和中间部至少之一或者两者都被晶化，封盖凸缘基本没有晶化。
                     附图说明
参照说明书、权利要求书以及附图，可以更好地理解本发明以及其目的、特征和优点。其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个方面用于用于吹制模制容器的坯件的剖视图；
图2是图1的坯件吹制模制的容器的局部剖视图；
图3是图1坯件的颈部瓶口的放大的局部剖视图；以及
图4-11与图3类似，但示出本发明的相应的其它实施例。
                   具体实施方式
图1和3示出根据本发明一个方面的坯件20，其包括瓶口22和本体24。例如，用注塑法将瓶口22和本体24形成一体，如上所述，它们可以为单层，也可以为多层。上述专利示出用于制造坯件20的各种自动技术。坯件20的瓶口22包括一个远离本体24的第一端部26、一个中间部28、以及一个第二端部30，其最好包括与本体24相邻的封盖环体或凸缘30。第一端部26限定一个端表面32。第一端部26和中间部28也限定一个连续外表面34，该外表面34包括：至少一个用于容器封闭件最终固定的外螺纹以及一个形成容器唇部的内表面36。图1示出用坯件20吹制模制的容器20a。容器20a包括瓶口22和用坯件本体24吹制模制的本体24a。图1-3的示例性瓶口(以及图4-9的瓶口)也具有：用于随后封闭件固定的外螺纹以及与封闭件上的损害指示结构配合的保持卷边。
特别参照图3，根据本发明的一个优选实施例，坯件瓶口22(和最后的容器瓶口22)被选择性地晶化，以提高瓶口的螺纹密封表面区域的尺寸稳定性。在图3中用阴影或点画示出晶化，其密度用以指示晶化的程度，没有阴影的指示基本没有晶化。关于没有晶化、或者瓶口局部未被晶化或非晶化，是指没有有意的晶化，或者任何晶化是指在制造过程中无意的、微小的变化结果。晶化的程度取决于应用。换言之，图中最黑的区域可有50％的晶化，从分级区域减至基本为零。
在图3中，在瓶口22的第一端部26的外边缘有相当的晶化，从第一端部26的上部外边缘相对于瓶口22径向向内地和轴向向外地分级晶化。(方向性术语，比如在说明书中采用的“轴向”和“纵向”，并不局限于与容器瓶口的中心轴线有关。方向性术语，比如说明书采用的“上部”、“向下”并不局限于图中所示的坯件和容器的直立取向有关。)在图3的瓶口22的中间部28中，沿着外表面34有一些晶化，但是，至少在内表面36的下部没有晶化。在本实施例中，包括封盖凸缘的第二端部30基本没有晶化。于是，在图3的实施例中，沿着第一瓶口端部26的外表面34和中间部28的上部有重的晶化，径向向内地至表面36分级晶化，其中，在第一端部26和中间部28的上部中有局部晶化，在中间瓶口部28的中间部段和下部部段沿着表面34轴向分级晶化。在中间部28的中间部段，绕着瓶口厚度的中心径向向内地分级晶化，在内表面36处没有晶化。(可以理解：在制造误差变化范围内，瓶口22周边的晶化与图3所示的相同(以及图4-8的相同)。)。
图4示出瓶口22a，其中：其晶化与图3的类似。中间部28的未晶化的内部区域向上延伸入第一端部26，而中间部28的局部未晶化的下端延伸入与第二端30相邻的位置。而且，封盖凸缘基本没有晶化。图5示出一个瓶口22b，其中，从第一端部26穿过中间部28沿着外表面34完全晶化，第二端部30基本没有晶化。晶化是从外表面34的基本晶化至在内表面36和其附近未晶化分级的。从中间部34的基本晶化至第二端部30的基本未晶化沿轴向方向分级。图6示出瓶口22c，其在第一端部26和中间部28在内表面36处完全晶化。从内表面36的基本晶化至在外表面34和其附近的未晶化沿径向方向分级。在轴向方向也是分级的，在封盖凸缘的径向向内的内表面36处有局部晶化。
图3-6(以及图7-8)的实施例中的受控晶化可用任何合适的方法获得：例如，包括将石英灯的热引导至待被晶化的区域同时冷却瓶口的保持不被晶化的相对区域。例如，在图3的实施例中，逆着瓶口的外表面和其内表面的上部引导热空气，且将激冷塞等激冷内表面的下部。也可以用热屏来防止晶化，如在美国专利4,928,835中所述的。而且，在图6的实施例中，将热空气引导入坯件瓶口的内表面，而将坯件本体的内部和其外表面合适地屏蔽并被冷却，以防止晶化。
图7示出根据本发明改型实施例的坯件瓶口22d，其中，在端部表面32处和其下面晶化瓶口的第一端部26，分级晶化穿过中间部28延伸至第二端部30的位置或者稍微进入第二端部32的位置。图8示出瓶口22e，其中在表面32处晶化第一端部26，从表面32的晶化至中间部28的基本没有晶化轴向分级。图7和8的实施例对于在容器瓶口的端部仅稳定密封部是特别有用的。
图9示出坯件(或容器)瓶口22f，其中，第一端部26基本未被晶化，而端部28和第二端部30被晶化。在中间部28和端部26之间周向地分级晶化，并从封盖凸缘的径向向内的中间部28轴向地向下和径向地向内分级晶化。
图10示出瓶口22g，其具有用于固定封闭件的外部卡式卷边，而不是外部螺纹。第一端部26在其整个厚度上被晶化，中间部28的上部在其放置封闭件连接卷边的外表面处被晶化。从中间部28的上部径向地向内和轴向地向下分级晶化，包括封盖凸缘的第二端部30基本未被晶化。
图11示出本发明花冠型瓶口22f的实施例，比如，其常用在啤酒瓶上。包括瓶口花冠的第一瓶口部26在其整个厚度上基本被晶化。中间部28的上表面部和外表面部被晶化，而中间部28的径向内部被轴向地向下和径向地向内分级。第二端基本未被晶化。
尽管结合用于优选加工处理目的的晶化坯件瓶口讨论了本发明的优选实施例，也可以理解，在将容器吹制成最后形状后还可在其颈部瓶口进行晶化操作。此种变型对于在吹制模制操作中改变瓶口几何形状的情形特别有用。于是，根据本发明的晶化能在非晶态或取向的瓶口上进行。
已经描述了坯件、容器、以及完全实施上述目的和目标的制造方法。本发明公开一些优选实施例，并且讨论了几个附加的变型和改型。其它改型和变型本身对本领域的普通技术人员给出一些启示。本发明旨在用来包括所有落在后附权利要求的精神和范围内的改型和变型。

Claims (17)

1.一种具有整体本体(24a或24)的中空塑料容器(20a)或坯件(20)上的瓶口(22或22a或22b或22c或22d或22f或22g或22h)，
所述瓶口具有：一个其端表面(32)与所述本体间隔的第一端部(26)、一个与所述本体相邻的第二端部(30)、以及一个在所述端部之间的中间部(28)，
所述第一端部和中间部形成连续的内外表面(36，34)，
所述瓶口在所述端部、内、外表面至少之一处被晶化，所述瓶口的在与所述至少一个表面相垂直的方向上的晶化分级成从所述至少一个表面的晶化至在与所述至少一个表面间隔的瓶口内的位置处基本没有晶化。
2.如权利要求1所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述内、外表面(36，34)之一在其长度上被晶化，而所述内、外表面(36，34)的另一个包括至少一个基本未被晶化的部分，在所述瓶口的至少所述中间部中的晶化在所述被晶化表面和其它表面的未被晶化的部分之间分级。
3.如权利要求2所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述外表面(34)在其长度上被晶化，所述内表面(36)的至少一部分未被晶化。
4.如权利要求2所述的坯件，其特征在于：所述内表面(36)在其长度上被晶化，所述外表面(34)基本未被晶化。
5.如权利要求1所述的坯件，其特征在于：其在所述瓶口的所述第二端部(30)具有一个封盖凸缘，所述封盖凸缘基本未被晶化。
6.如权利要求1所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述第一端部和中间部形成在其长度上被晶化的连续外表面(34)和其至少一部分基本未被晶化的连续内表面(36)，在所述瓶口的至少所述中间部(28)中的晶化在所述内、外表面和所述中间部、所述第二端部之间分级。
7.如权利要求1所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述瓶口的至少所述第一端部(26)被晶化，所述瓶口中的晶化从所述第一端部的晶化分级。
8.如权利要求3、6或7所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述瓶口的所述第一端部(26)在所述内、外表面(36，34)之间在其厚度上被晶化。
9.如权利要求8所述的瓶口，其特征在于：在所述瓶口中的分级晶化延伸入所述瓶口的所述中间部(28)。
10.如权利要求3、6或7所述的瓶口，其特征在于：在所述瓶口的所述第一端部(26)中的晶化在所述外、内表面(36，34)之间分级，在所述外表面(34)处被晶化，在所述内表面(36)处基本未被晶化。
11.如权利要求7所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述瓶口的所述第一端部和中间部(26，28)形成一个连续外表面(34)和一个连续内表面(36)，所述内外表面之一在其长度上被晶化，所述内外表面的另一个包括至少一个未被晶化的部分。
12.如权利要求11所述的瓶口，其特征在于：在所述瓶口的至少所述中间部(28)中的晶化在所述表面之间分级。
13.一种制造中空塑料容器(24a)的方法，其包括下述步骤：
(a)模制至少局部为可晶化聚合物结构的坯件(20)，该坯件包括一个瓶口(22)和一个与该瓶口成为一体的本体(24)，所述坯件具有：一个远离所述本体的第一端部(26)、一个与所述本体相邻的第二端部(30)、以及一个在所述端部之间的中间部(28)，所述第一端部和所述中间部形成连续内外表面，
(b)吹制模制所述坯件以形成中空塑料容器(20a)；以及
(c)在所述步骤(b)之前或其后，将所述瓶口晶化成所述瓶口的至少所述第一端部被晶化，所述瓶口的晶化从所述第一端部的晶化分级。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(c)包括在所述内外表面(36，34)处晶化所述瓶口，使得至少所述一个表面在其长度上被晶化，所述内外表面的另一个包括一个基本未被晶化的部分，在至少所述中间部(28)中的晶化在所述表面之间分级。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(c)包括将所述瓶口晶化成所述外表面(34)在其长度上被晶化，所述内表面(36)的至少一个部分未被晶化，在所述瓶口的至少所述中间部(28)中的晶化在所述内外表面和所述中间部和所述第二端部(30)之间分级。
16.一种中空塑料容器(20a)或坯件(20)上的瓶口(22或22a或22b或22c或22d或22f或22g或22h)，所述瓶口至少局部为可晶化聚合物结构并被连接与所述瓶口成一体的本体(24a或24)上，
所述瓶口具有：一个远离所述本体的端部(26)、一个与所述本体相邻的封盖凸缘、以及一个在所述端部和所述封盖凸缘之间的中间部(28)，
所述端部(26)、所述中间部(28)的至少一部分，或者两者被晶化，所述封盖凸缘基本未被晶化。
17.如权利要求16所述的瓶口，其特征在于：所述晶化的至少一部分是分级的。
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