CN1468365A - 用于获取机械零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置 - Google Patents

用于获取机械零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置 Download PDF

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CN1468365A
CN1468365A CNA018169759A CN01816975A CN1468365A CN 1468365 A CN1468365 A CN 1468365A CN A018169759 A CNA018169759 A CN A018169759A CN 01816975 A CN01816975 A CN 01816975A CN 1468365 A CN1468365 A CN 1468365A
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J·布拉尔施
J·米勒
ض�
M·塞希特尔
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    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/16—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
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    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/303976—Milling with means to control temperature or lubricate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/304648—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/306776—Axially
    • Y10T409/306832—Axially with infeed control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307224—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work with infeed control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
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    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30784—Milling including means to adustably position cutter
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Abstract

在此描述一种温度传感器(1)，它可以获取沿着一机械零件(5)的温度分布，并计算出该机械零件的纵向膨胀量。温度传感器(1)具有调整线路(T1～TN)，这些调整线路可以获取机械零件(5)的全部温度分布，并且即使在由于价格低廉的原材料使得温度传感器(1)的制造偏差较高的情况下，仍可以对温度传感器(1)进行精确地校准。

Description

用于获取机械零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置
本发明涉及一种用于获取一机械零件例如一机床零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置。
在机床运转过程中，例如由于一转动主轴的摩擦而形成的热量可使零件加热而使其热膨胀，并且因此使被加工件的尺寸不精确。如果该膨胀量已知，则可以通过相应的后处理来改善工件的尺寸精度。
DE 3822873 C1描述了一种在机器上、尤其在机床上用于测量并调整由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置。在这里由铂制成的一温度传感器与机械零件的一个部位存在热接触，而该温度传感器的电阻用于测量在该部位上机械零件由热引起的长度膨胀量。下面这些事实得以充分利用，即不但一金属导线电阻发生变化而且一机械零件的长度膨胀量在一大约0～100℃的范围中是一很好地接近线性的函数。在一沿着由温度传感器获取的机械零件的温度范围中的温度分布中，机械零件的纵向膨胀量也是一很好地接近线性的函数。
本发明的任务是，给出一用于获取机械零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置，它可以便宜地制造并可容易地安装。
本任务可通过具有权利要求1特征的装置得以解决。由从属于权利要求1的权利要求的特征给出优选的实施形式。
根据本发明，一用于获取沿一机械零件膨胀方向的平均温度的温度传感器由一第一金属导线以及其它的金属导线所组成，其中第一金属导线布置在待监控的部位上，其它的金属导线作为调整线路也布置在待监控的部位上，并如同第一金属导线获取相同的温度分布。通过电连接可以校准温度传感器的整体电阻，这样即使在生产温度传感器时有较大制造偏差的情况下仍可以将其校准到一所期望的大约为工业标准PT100(0℃时100Ω)的数值。
如果该温度传感器在普通的印刷电路板工艺中进行安装，则得到一价格特别便宜的变型方案。在这种情况下在一印刷电路板的基底上设置可以通过焊接电桥相互接通的铜线路，以便达到所要求的电阻值。
本发明的其它优点以及细节由对于借助附图的优选实施形式的描述而获得。在这里示出：
图1一用于获取沿膨胀方向的温度的温度传感器；
图2这种温度传感器的应用实例。
在图1中示出了用于获取由热引起的纵向膨胀量的一装置的第一种简单的实施形式。一温度传感器1由一印刷电路板基底2所组成，印刷电路板基底2支承一第一金属导线3，它是带有回路线路4的一曲折形状的铜线路。第一金属导线3的电阻为R0。通过设计为中断铜线路的开关S1～SN，借助于焊点将也由铜线路所组成的、用于将第一金属导线1串联接通的、电阻值为R1～RN的调整线路T1～TN短接。在这里温度传感器1的全部电阻阻值的减少量分别为被短接的调整线路T1～TN的电阻值R1～RN。
单个调整线路T1～TN的阻值R1～RN最好分别增加一倍，那么RN+1＝2*RN。对于这样一种类型的温度传感器1，其阻值在R0(所有的调整线路T1～TN都被短接时)和R0+R1+R2+...+RN(所有的调整线路T1～TN都起作用时)之间，在这里可以以步幅为R1调节中间值。
温度传感器1在其第一金属导线3和其调整线路T1～TN的方向上具有一长度L。同时温度传感器1的宽度W比较小，如果比例L/W大于20那么就是十分具有意义的，借助于温度传感器1可获取在膨胀方向X上的温度分布。
为了获得在用温度传感器1测出的温度与一机械零件5的纵向膨胀量之间的良好的关系，那么使第一金属结构3与调整线路T1～TN具有相同的温度分布，是很重要的。如果不是这种情况，温度传感器1的电阻就不能较好地测量沿机械零件5的受控部位的平均温度。
在温度传感器1的整个长度L上具有一较小电阻值的调整线路T1～TN必须铺设得特别宽，并且需要占用许多位置。为了使温度传感器1的宽度W保持较小，具有很小电阻的调整方案也可以实施为曲折形状的第一金属导线3的绕圈的可选择的跨接6，它通过电连接器S0来接通。在布置安装时，可选择的跨接6的电阻可视为所跨过的第一金属导线3的绕圈的并联回路。由于上述原因，应该注意，即被校准的温度传感器的不多于10％的终端电阻起源于不获取全部的温度分布的结构。
在一特别有利的实施形式中，一温度传感器1位于传统的、柔韧的、其厚度为0.3mm的印刷电路板基底2(在环氧树脂基座上的铜涂覆的玻璃布板)上。在这里铜涂层的厚度为5μm。未校准的温度传感器的电阻大约为132Ω，其偏差量为±12％。这种偏差可以首先归因于这种用低廉价格得到的原材料的铜涂层的厚度波动。另外提供八种用于调整温度传感器1的可能性，其中的三种可能性为，将调整线路T1、T2、T3的电阻值设计为4Ω、8Ω、16Ω。其余的五种调整可能性通过曲折形状的第一金属导线的不同部分的可选择的跨接6而得以实现，并且允许整体电阻值减少2Ω、1Ω、0.5Ω、0.25Ω、0.125Ω。这样可以得到由阻值为0.125Ω分级的256种组合可能性。
20时，校准后的温度传感器1的整体阻值应为116.3Ω。通过用于温度传感器1的一外部电阻的并联回路，温度传感器1的温度系数(它首先相应于所应用的铜材料的温度系数)可以接近铂传感器的温度系数，布置的电阻阻值并同时降至PT100，即20℃时阻值为107.8Ω。这种传感器的分析可以通过一具有PT100特性的标准的分析电子装置7而获得，该电子装置可有利地用作标准组件。
在最不利的情况下，温度传感器1的整体电阻约占3.5％，该份额并不取决于沿温度传感器的长度L方向的温度分布。以此，机械零件5的纵向膨胀量可以足够精确地进行计算。
温度传感器1的电阻值由分析电子装置7来进行测量，由此，该电子装置计算出机械零件5的纵向膨胀量，并且将该膨胀量输送给机床的控制器8。控制器8可以在需要的情况下通过修改对机床的位置指令来补偿该纵向膨胀量。
对于调整线路T1～TN还应指出，它们不仅仅如图1所示作为与第一金属导线3串连的电阻线路可以通过电连接S1～SN跨接，还可以将调整线路T1～TN实施为与第一金属导线3并联的电阻线路以便事后校准。在这两个变型中这也是可能的，如上述，可将该电连接实施为焊接电桥，也可为滑线电桥，阻值为0Ω的电阻或者可分割的导体线路件。
在图2中示出了所描述的温度传感器1的一种应用。C形机床10在X和Y方向上有两个臂11和12。由于主轴14的旋转而在固定支承13中产生的热量可经过臂11传播到臂12上。两个臂11、12因此膨胀，并使主轴14和工件15之间的距离产生了所不希望的变化。用温度传感器1可获取基本上在臂11和12的全部长度上的温度分布情况，并以此可以对于其纵向膨胀进行调整。

Claims (5)

1.用于获取一机械零件(5)、例如一机床零件的由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置，具有一沿着一膨胀方向(X)铺设的、由一第一金属导线(3)组成的温度传感器(1)，金属导线(3)的电阻值与一待监控部位的平均温度成正比，其特征在于，在第一金属导线(3)的附近布置有其它金属导线形式的调整线路(T1～TN)，它们可选择性地通过电连接(S1～SN)与第一金属导线(3)接通，并且调整线路(T1～TN)的电阻值R1～RN也与待监控部位的平均温度成正比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，温度传感器(1)的长度(L)沿膨胀方向(X)至少为其宽度(W)的二十倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，调整线路(T1～TN)具有分级的电阻，并且温度传感器(1)的整体电阻可以用一调整线路(T1～TN)的最小电阻的精度进行调节。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，第一金属导线(3)和调整线路(T1～TN)设计为在一共同的印刷电路板基底(2)上的导线线路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，第一金属导线(3)和调整线路(T1～TN)由铜制成。
CNB018169759A 2000-10-07 2001-09-04 用于获取机械零件由热引起的纵向膨胀量的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1229617C (zh)

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DE10158381B4 (de) * 2001-11-28 2005-01-05 Stemmann-Technik Gmbh Schleifringübertrager
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CN1229617C (zh) 2005-11-30
ATE431538T1 (de) 2009-05-15
EP1328770B1 (de) 2009-05-13
JP2004511763A (ja) 2004-04-15
US6866451B2 (en) 2005-03-15
US20040028114A1 (en) 2004-02-12
DE10049718A1 (de) 2002-04-18
WO2002031434A1 (de) 2002-04-18
DE50114898D1 (de) 2009-06-25

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