CN1447747A - 用于建筑工业的屏蔽热反射膜,尤其是用作予受力的下层屋顶 - Google Patents
用于建筑工业的屏蔽热反射膜,尤其是用作予受力的下层屋顶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑工业的热反射膜,它具有含聚乙烯的基膜,其特征为,基膜的两表面蒸镀有金属涂层。该热反射膜可以是扩散自由的或扩散阻断的。
Description
本发明是关于在建筑领域所用的一种屏蔽的热反射膜,特别是用作予受力的下层屋顶,以及它的制造方法。
屋顶要能够保护楼房及其居住者不受各种自然环境的影响和负担。如果以前的屋顶仅是起到防雨、防雪、防冰雹、防风以及防阳光直射等的防护板作用,那么现在的屋顶还需在优化能源消耗下加上如调整室内环境舒适度,减少加热和冷却的需求的任务。
可以预计,今后许多国家将通过立法以节约建筑的能耗。促使降低建筑物的能耗有两个重要原因:
1.欧洲委员会已确认,占二氧化碳排放总量的40%是由楼房产生的。
2.在最近世界气候协调会上大多数国家保证到2010年不超过所规定的废气排放限度。
为了能够达到节省目前能耗25-30%的目的,相应将来的第三号节能规定,要强制规定新的低耗能建筑。
另外随着电子产品越来越广泛地进入人们的日常生活,在许多方面需保护居民不受电磁的影响和干扰。这里不是指电器安装的安全意义,而是指对一个和多个家庭住房中的“电磁烟雾”的屏蔽。
在屋顶建筑的另一个重要问题是木材保护。如今希望,不仅在居住的室内,而且要在外部构件部分,如屋顶的抗气候,不使用化学方法进行木材防护。
按DIN 68800-2适宜的屋顶对于椽(屋顶的承重部分)这部分要避免使用化学的木材保护剂,因为:
1.选择完全绝缘,其中,在椽(木构架)间的整个空间用矿物纤维绝缘材料填满,或对木构架所留有的空间进行覆盖的部分绝缘,以使之不通风和防昆虫进入(防止天牛侵害),和
2.应用扩散阻值(扩散相当的空气层厚度)Sd=0.2m的扩散自由的予受力的下层屋顶。这用于因较强的蒸发能力由此放出不要的所增加湿度,这样避免了因没有化学方法保护木材而使有害的霉菌的生长,且在必要时
3.在屋顶结构的屋内部分涂敷密封的水蒸气抑制剂(扩散阻断膜)。
与平屋顶相反的是在承载建筑构件截面上面的有绝缘层和蒸汽隔断层(扩散阻断的予受力的下层屋顶),这样可避免使用木材防腐剂。
有一些已知的扩散自由的予受力的下层屋顶的现有技术。它是由例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),HDPE/聚丙烯,具有防水的无纺聚丙烯,扩散自由的聚丙烯涂层和有聚氨酯涂层的无纺聚酯构成。在屋顶建筑中所使用的扩散阻断膜一般由聚乙烯或聚酰氨构成。
在DE 2855484A公布了一种扩散阻断的复合涂层,它可用作屋顶覆盖层。其内层可由高压聚乙烯构成并且其一面或两面用铝箔粘贴包覆。可是这种包覆的箔在用于屋顶建筑中有某些缺点,因为这里的箔一般是用钉子固定在屋顶构架上。对于一个包覆的箔由于在箔上产生的孔洞而使潮气可渗入覆盖层,这样导致箔的性能下降且促其老化。另外这种箔对撕裂敏感且因热辐射而变形不稳定。
鉴于现有技术的予受力的下层屋顶尤其考虑到热辐射的反射,和绝热以及上面提到的、目前在许多方面希望在对电磁辐射屏蔽要改善,同时改善其良好的机械和老化性能。这就是本发明要解决的任务。
该任务由权利要求1的热反射膜以及权利要求22的制造膜的方法而解决。
本发明的热反射膜是一种先进的高技术建材,它能保证建筑物内居住者的健康且此外它能减少二氧化碳排放的一种生态学的有效方法和优化能耗。
本发明的热反射膜是密封的并不透水的(耐雨水和耐暴雨),无辐射并有高的抗撕裂强度。此外该热反射膜是耐高紫外线和不透光,这使它具有优越的抗老化性能(寿命最少至20年)。其热反射总计约95%且在-45℃至99℃的温度下温度稳定。它在一个宽的温度和频率范围内具有突出的电磁屏蔽性能。
在下面的权利要求中给出具体的和有利的结构说明。
在本发明的热反射箔的两面金属涂层上直接涂覆保护漆是有利的,以使膜不受物理损坏并使其耐腐蚀性稳定。
本发明的热反射膜是不透水蒸汽和空气的(扩散阻断)。其结构方式是以一种予受力的下层屋顶形式在具有强日光照射和高湿度环境的亚热带和热带地区作为热反射器和气候护板,因为不是反射的热而是通过屋顶渗入具有高热容的水汽因此加热屋顶下的房间。该膜对此有利用于天花板结构和墙壁结构上。
另外,该扩散阻断的热反射膜也可在适当的气候下在平屋顶上用作为阻挡层,因为,这里尽管没有必要进行木材的防腐剂处理,但必须在构件横截面上进行水气隔断。在这种情况下,尽可能在栋梁和木构架的房内一侧涂敷扩散自由的涂层。
按本发明的热反射膜的第二种变型是扩散自由的实施方式的膜,作为予受力的下层屋顶适宜的屋顶更倾向于选用这种结构。按发明扩散自由优选是提供通过微穿孔。这可用如通过针穿孔制得。最好是用激光射线进行完全的微穿孔,可以得到很小的孔尺寸(10至20μm)。这种孔使水和风不能透过,而可使水汽透过。激光穿孔使孔的周界很干净,因此不会影响膜的抗撕裂强度。
热反射膜首先要达到DIN 4102/1:1998/05(建材和建筑构件的燃烧性能,DIN标准5月98)中规定的B2级建材。如果要满足这个标准,基膜要含有阻燃物,优选基于溴化产物和Sb2O3,基于基膜的总重量,其含量优选为至少5重量%至10重量%,优选为至少8重量%含量,其密度在1.0至1.5g/cm3范围的阻燃物的用量表明在本发明的优选实施方案中是这样测量的,即该量的平均值是在燃烧器边缘的火焰经15秒钟后的“自熄灭”(DIN标准予规定)为10秒钟。根据膜的组成和结构不允许阻燃剂迁移。
基膜一般厚度为140μm至220μm,优选为180μm。
另外基膜优选的实施方式是由三层构成,其中三层是共挤出的,这样能仍然保持其机械性能,如更好的耐刺穿性和耐钉的裂纹性,尤其是在热影响下仍然有较好的成型保持性能。
这里基膜的中间层是高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)(密度0.930-0.960g/cm3)的单组份或和阻燃成份一起的,基于层的总重量85~95重量%的HDPE,优选为90重量%HDPE,5至15重量%,尤其是10重量%的阻燃物。该中间层的厚度范围为90μm至130μm。
基膜的两个外层优选由低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)(密度0.924-0.930g/cm3)和低密度线性聚乙烯(LLDPE)(密度0.918-0.926g/cm3;必要时加上与一种或多种有长链烯烃的共聚单体如丁烯或辛烯的共聚物或金属茂-聚乙烯(聚乙烯,用金属茂催化作用下生产的)(密度0.885-0.924g/cm3)例如60至80重量%的LDPE和20至40重量%LLDPE或金属茂-聚乙烯,或另一种阻燃物如50至70重量%,优选65重量%的LDPE,25至40重量%,优选30重量%的LLDPE或金属茂-聚乙烯和5至10重量%,优选5重量%的阻燃物所构成的混合物,其中所有的重量百分率是基于外层总重量。优选的两个外层每层的厚度在25μm至45μm的范围内。
金属涂层可由任一种金属层或金属镀层构成,它在制造条件下金属涂层是连续的,例如铜,锌,黄铜,铝,银和金。出于要求和再循环的原因,优选是银涂层,一般其厚度为最少60nm。
作为用于金属涂层上的保护漆优选是耐水、耐溶剂和耐气候的而且是不易燃的漆,如基于聚氨酯的用异氰酸酯固化的双组份漆。优选的漆是聚氨酯和异氰酸酯,将该双组份的2重量份的聚氨酯对1重量份的异氰酸酯在有机溶剂中混合,且一般其涂敷量为在烘干和加热固化后涂层重量在1.4至5.0g/m3。漆应具有尽可能大的耐划痕的表面和高的光泽,并且是耐水、耐溶剂和耐气候的且符合上面提到的B2标准。
现在对本发明的热反射膜以有关的图1的说明但不限制的示例进行详细的说明。
图1表示一个热反射膜10的截面。
层12,14a和14b构成基膜。在这实例的层12由90重量%的HDPE(GM9240,产自der Basell Polyolefine有限公司Am Yachthafenz,D-77694Kehl,德国)和10重量%的阻燃物(ClariantPEA0025586 FH,产自ClariantMasterbatch GmbH&Co.OHG,Hohenrhein 1,D-56112 Lahnstein,德国或FRMastertrekPE373115,产自Firma Campine,Vetrieb uber die Helm AG,NordKanalstrasse 28,D-20097 Ham burg,德国)构成,其中重量百分率是基于12层的总重量。
层14a和14b是由65重量%的LDPE(由Basell公司生产的3020D或3010D)和30重量%的金属茂-聚乙烯(Elite 5400,产自Dow Europe S.A.,Bachtobelstrasse3,CH-8810 Horgen,瑞士)和5重量%的上述阻燃物的混合物构成,其中重量百分率是基于层14a或14b的总重量。层12的厚度为90μm至130μm,而层14a和层14b的厚度分别为25μm至45μm,其中基膜的总厚度为180μm。
层16a和16b由通过真空蒸镀的高纯银(纯度为99.99%)构成且在本实施方案中其厚度为60nm。
层18a和18b是保护漆层,由异氰酸酯固化的聚氨酯漆(PUR-Hochglanzlack VH 10117,产自Zweihorn GmbH,Dusseldorfes Strasse 96-100,D-40721 Hilden,德国),漆是用凹版印刷法或苯胺印刷法进行涂敷。根据使用的涂敷方法其涂敷量干燥后分别是1.4或5.0g/m2。
本实例的热反射膜满足建材等级B2的要求。
关于用这种实施方案的电磁屏蔽,在频率范围30MHz至10GHz的电磁场能减弱300倍(40dB)。
在本发明的热反射箔制备方法中,首先用吹膜或平膜挤压法制成底膜。挤压法在三层膜的情况下是用共挤出。在挤压时对膜的两面用电晕放电进行处理。以改善基膜的粘接性。接着用金属处理膜,首选是银,进行蒸镀且必要时对用金属蒸度过的箔的两面涂敷保护漆。对于扩散自由性膜还需经进行穿孔工序。
除了在房顶建筑范围以外,膜也可用于房内的隔热和在建筑物的内部和外部范围用作为胶粘带,其中膜的一面可以配有导电性的粘接剂。
下面仅对本发明的热反射膜的生产方法进行详细的但不限制的示例。
一个三层基膜,其中间层由90重量%的HDPE和10重量%的阻燃物构成且其两个外层由65重量%LDPE,30重量%LLDPE或金属茂-聚乙烯和5重量%阻燃物的混合物所构成,它是以吹制膜工艺过程进行共挤压而制成。
在对基膜的两外层的挤压时的温度是在190至200℃。在使用挤压机时,其中主成分为一个HDPE时的挤压温度在220至240℃。
对总厚度为180μm的膜来说,其挤压产量为300至360kg/h。对该180μm的膜其挤压排出速度为11.0-12.5m/min。
对挤压的膜的两表面进行电晕处理以改善膜在下一步加工工序的粘接性能。必须注意,基膜以后不能阻隔在母辊中,这使基膜不能进行下一步的加工处理。
膜卷是缠绕在一个可抽真空的装置内且在此进行银蒸镀。该过程是半连续的。基膜需在其两表面进行金属镀处理,这可根据设备情况以一次工序或以两个工序完成。银的蒸镀在一个由半导体材料制成的小舟状系统中进行。它通过电流直接加热。银由绕丝辊直接添加,它在小舟中熔化且以蒸汽蒸镀在膜上。这里必需达到约10-4mbar的真空度。
在基膜上沉积的银的量由温度和通过速度决定,它们要这样调整,即在每一面的银镀层厚度保持在60nm。
为保护基膜上的金属镀,需涂上一层保护漆。这里涉及上面提到的聚氨酯/异氰酸酯双组份漆。该双组份漆以2重量份聚氨酯对1重量份的异氰酸酯的比例在有机溶剂中混合,混合物用凹版印刷法和苯胺印刷法以两道工序进行涂覆,对于箔的一个表面,以凹版印刷法或以苯胺印刷法进行涂敷,要使其涂敷量在干燥和为固化并优化交联进行金属镀所必要的加热后为1.4-5.0g/m2。这种加热例如可用热空气或红外辐射而进行。
对于扩散自由的热反射膜的制备在最后需进行激光穿孔单元。借助紫外激光器(Power-Gator UV-Laser激光器(绿),15瓦,Lambda Physiks,Goffingen,德国)在膜上打出直径在10μm至20μm的穿孔。一种高扩散自由的膜上配有约为62000个孔/m2。穿孔是这样进行,即在边缘10至20mm范围内保持不穿孔外进行全部穿孔。
Claims (26)
1.用于建筑领域具有含聚乙烯的基膜的热反射膜,其特征为,在基膜的两面有蒸镀的金属层。
2.按权利要求1的热反射膜,其特征为,在两金属镀层上涂敷保护漆。
3.按权利要求1或2的热反射膜,其特征为,该热反射膜是扩散阻断的。
4.按权利要求1或2的热反射膜,其特征为,该热反射膜是扩散自由的。
5.按权利要求4的热反射膜,其特征为,该扩散自由性是通过微穿孔而得。
6.按权利要求5的热反射膜,其特征为,微孔的孔径范围为10μm至20μm。
7.按权利要求1-6的热反射膜,其特征为,其基膜含有阻燃物。
8.按权利要求7的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的厚度范围是以140μm至220μm。
9.按权利要求1至8的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜是三层结构。
10.按权利要求9的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的中间层是高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。
11.按权利要求10的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的中间层由基于层总重的85-95重量%的HDPE和5-15重量%的阻燃物构成。
12.按权利要求10或11的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的中间层的厚度范围在90至130μm。
13.按权利要求9至12的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的两外层是由低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和低密度线性聚乙烯(LLDPE)或金属茂-聚乙烯构成。
14.按权利要求13的热反射膜,其特征为,基膜的两外层含有50-70重量%的LDPE,25-40重量%的LLDPE或金属茂-聚乙烯和5-10重量%的阻燃物,其中,所有百分重量是基于层的总重量。
15.按权利要求13或14的热反射膜,其特征为,该两外层的每一层的厚度在25μm至45μm之间。
16.按权利要求1至15的热反射膜,其特征为,其金属镀层由银构成。
17.按权利要求1至16的热反射膜,其特征为,其金属镀层的厚度至少为60nm。
18.按权利要求2至17的热反射膜,其特征为,其保护漆是用异氰酸酯固化的基于聚氨酯的双组份漆。
19.按权利要求18的热反射膜,其特征为,该弥散漆在烘干后的量为1.4至5.0g/m2。
20.按权利要求7至19的热反射膜,其特征为,其符合按DIN4102/1:1998/05标准的建筑材料等级B2的要求。
21.按权利要求1至20的热反射膜,其特征为,它是密封且不透水(耐雨和耐暴雨),无辐射性,有高抗撕裂强度,耐高的紫外线,不透光,热反射的并在-45℃至95℃的温度下的温度稳定性且在宽的温度范围和频率范围内具有优越的电磁屏蔽性能。
22.按权利要求1或2的热反射膜的制造方法,有以下步骤:
a)挤压含聚乙烯的基膜,使用吹制膜或平膜挤压法进行。
b)对通过a)所得的箔的两表面进行电晕-放电处理。
c)在通过b)所得的膜的两面用金属,首选银,进行蒸镀处理,且必要时
d)通过c)步骤所得的金属蒸镀膜的两表面用保护漆涂敷。
23.按权利要求22的方法,其特征为,在步骤a)中对三层基膜进行共挤压,其中,中间层含HDPE且两外层含LDPE和LLDPE或金属茂-聚乙烯。
24.按权利要求22或23方法制造权利要求4的扩散自由膜的方法,其特征为,由权利要求22或23的步骤c)或步骤d)加工处理的膜,进行步骤e)的穿孔加工。
25.按权利要求1至21的热反射膜的应用是作为予受力的下层屋顶应用。
26.按权利要求1至21的热反射膜的应用是作为用于建筑的内部和外部的胶粘带应用,其中,膜的一面涂敷导电性胶。
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- 2001-08-24 MX MXPA03001580A patent/MXPA03001580A/es unknown
- 2001-08-24 AT AT01980271T patent/ATE280672T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-24 EP EP20010980271 patent/EP1311387B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-24 PL PL01362741A patent/PL362741A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103971761A (zh) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-08-06 | 中广核工程有限公司 | 核电站可实现辐射屏蔽的金属反射型保温板 |
CN103971761B (zh) * | 2014-05-06 | 2017-01-04 | 中广核工程有限公司 | 核电站可实现辐射屏蔽的金属反射型保温板 |
CN105082663A (zh) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-11-25 | 铜陵翔宇商贸有限公司 | 一种含陨石碳质晶体纳米管的屏蔽电磁波的聚乙烯复合膜及其制备方法 |
CN109153803A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-01-04 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 涂布膜和由其形成的包装 |
CN109595428A (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-09 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种核级设备及管道用单侧填屏蔽材料保温层 |
CN109595428B (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-08-24 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种核级设备及管道用单侧填屏蔽材料保温层 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040062919A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
AU1215702A (en) | 2002-03-04 |
DE10041526A1 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
ES2234905T3 (es) | 2005-07-01 |
DE10041526B4 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
DE50104317D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
CZ2003527A3 (cs) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1311387B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
MXPA03001580A (es) | 2005-08-16 |
BR0113394A (pt) | 2003-07-08 |
WO2002016127A1 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
AU2002212157B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
CA2420399A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
ATE280672T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
PL362741A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
EP1311387A1 (de) | 2003-05-21 |
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