CN1416392A - 柔性反射绝热结构 - Google Patents

柔性反射绝热结构 Download PDF

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CN1416392A
CN1416392A CN01804842A CN01804842A CN1416392A CN 1416392 A CN1416392 A CN 1416392A CN 01804842 A CN01804842 A CN 01804842A CN 01804842 A CN01804842 A CN 01804842A CN 1416392 A CN1416392 A CN 1416392A
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heat insulating
insulating construction
fiber
metal level
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CN1261297C (zh
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拉斐尔·海费茨
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Abstract

一种柔性的反射绝热结构,包括一个柔性纤维基材料(10),和一个柔性金属层(12),其具有一个发射率(emissivity)低于0.1的第一表面(14)。所述金属层被附着到所述的纤维基材料上,其第一表面朝向该纤维基材料。优选将该纤维基材料结合到金属层上,使得该第一表面的约85%,优选至少约95%,最优选至少约97%的发射率基本上未受影响。

Description

柔性反射绝热结构
发明领域及发明背景
本发明涉及反射绝热体,特别是关于不同用途的柔性反射绝热结构。
不同类型的绝热制品不同程度地减少了热传递的传导、对流和辐射。结果是,它们都具有不同的导热性能和相应的“R”值和“U”值(用来量化传热性能的标志)。反射绝热体的主要功能是减少通过开放空间的辐射传热,这是夏天获得热量和冬天散发热量的重要因素。产品的低发射率(lowemittance)的金属箔(通常为铝)的表面阻碍了高达97%的辐射,因而这是影响热传递的一个重要方面。
铝箔本身并不是有效的绝热材料。相反,它是一种导热性相对较高的金属。另一方面,当箔的表面与“静止的”空间相邻时,具有反射性的空间就充当了一道绝热屏障,因为它阻碍了辐射热(不考虑热的流动的传导),从而减少了热传递。在本文中,应当指出,术语“反射的”,如“反射的绝热材料”中所用的,在某种程度上讲是用词不当的,因铝既能反射热(反射率为0.97),又能阻止热辐射(发射率为0.03)。无论是将其表述为反射性还是辐射性,其作用(热传递)是相同的。
热传递的减少程度取决于,从结构的角度来看,空间完整性的保持。空间总的热效率将随湿含量(它能增加空气的导热性)和对流的存在而有所不同。通过构造、保持和确保最适宜的空间邻接方式,可以改善阻碍辐射的绝热体的反射表面性能。
现有的发射绝热产品在芯材介质的一面或两面具有向外的反射表面。然而,这类产品存在很多缺点。确切来说,这类产品在使用时,只有采用保证反射表面与空间相邻的结构时才有效果。这通常会为绝热体的安装增加很大的人力成本。此外,灰尘和污物的积累或表面的腐蚀很容易损害反射表面的性能。所以,一个初始发射率为0.03的铝表面,积累污物后其发射率就会增加十倍或更多。在潮湿或腐蚀性环境下,金属表面的腐蚀会大大加快这种性能的退化。在建筑行业中使用这种材料时,例如在空心墙中,安装过程中存留的灰尘会从开始就降低其绝热效率,以至于事实上从来就不能达到其理论值。
为了尝试解决上述性能退化的问题,Hopper的美国专利No.4,247,599提供了一种层状结构,其中包括一个被聚乙烯保护层覆盖的金属介质层,该聚乙烯保护层相对红外线是透明的。其暴露在外的金属层提供了主要的低发射特性,而金属介质层则在外部金属层完全损坏时充当了一种“自动防故障装置”。
Hopper的解决方案很不成功,因为其金属介质层与空间不相邻。所以,尽管聚乙烯层是相对透明的,但是Hopper承认,金属-聚乙烯复合物的实际发射率为0.35,这比直接暴露在空间中的铝的发射率大了十多倍。
为了保证反射表面的完整性,一种替代的解决方案是使反射层向内,朝向由内部构造限定的空间。Hones的美国专利No.3,616,139和Hollander等的美国专利No.5,230,941描述了这种类型的构造。上述专利公开了一种反射绝热板材,其构成为,内部是蜂窝构造的纸板结构,外边覆盖形成绝热反射表面的向内的箔反射表面。
尽管Hones和Hollander等的板材可能提供了高效的绝热性能,但这类板材的刚性限制了其用途。特别是,这类板材体积巨大,难于运输,而且根本不能用于需要柔性绝热材料的广泛用途。
最后,Handwerker的美国专利No.5,549,956公开了用于水泥固化的厚度减少的柔性绝热毯。这种绝热毯包括一个或多个与1/4或1/2英寸厚的气泡封装型材料相邻的铝箔热反射层。气泡按一定的空间位置关系布置,使气泡之间有与铝箔相接触的开放的空间。
Handwerkerd的绝热毯也有多个缺点。首先,绝热层与反射层的接触表面相对较大。尽管没有详细论述,但从其说明来看,约有25%的反射表面接触,于是大大降低了反射绝热的效率。其次,采用含有不限制空气流动的开放空间的绝热薄层,使得通过绝热毯的抗热传导和对流性降低。最后,任何通过采用多层结构来制造更厚的和更有效的绝热材料的企图均会降低绝热毯的柔韧性,并将导致结构庞大,成本昂贵且难于运输和操作。
所以,需要一种柔性的反射绝热结构,其具有非暴露的与有效的空间相邻的反射层,该有效的空间还将对热传导和对流产生有效的绝缘性。此外,如果能提供一种柔性的反射绝热材料,其能被紧密地堆积起来贮存和运输,而在展开时则其体积增加,这将具有很大的优越性。
通常的绝热纤维毯,如玻璃纤维或矿棉,会刺激眼睛、皮肤和呼吸系统。有报导表明它们还会带来其他健康问题。许多聚合物纤维的烟雾能产生剧毒物质。提供没有健康副作用和燃烧时有害物较少的高效的绝热材料将同样具有很大的优越性。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于建筑、帐篷和其他用途的柔性反射绝热结构。
根据本发明的说明,提供了一种柔性的反射绝热结构,包括:(a)一层基本上不生尘的、柔性的纤维基材料;和(b)一个柔性金属层,其具有一个发射率(emissivity)低于0.1,优选不超过0.05的第一表面,该金属层被附着在所述的纤维基材料上,其第一表面朝向该纤维基材料,并使得该第一表面的约60%,优选至少约95%,最优选至少约97%的发射率基本上未受影响。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的纤维基材料是一种非织造材料。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的非织造材料被形成一种可卷取存放的压缩状态,当其被展开成非压缩状态时能够恢复原状,该非织造材料在非压缩状态下所占的体积至少是其在压缩状态下所占体积的两倍。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述非织造材料在未压缩的状态下,每10cm厚度的容积密度不超过约4kg/m2,优选从约0.4kg/m2到约2kg/m2
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述纤维基材料层主要由聚酯纤维形成。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述纤维基材料层包括卷曲纤维。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述纤维基材料层包括低熔点纤维,所述低熔点纤维的表面熔点显著低于主体材料的熔点。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述低熔点纤维占主体纤维总重的约15-40%,优选20-30%。
根据本发明的另一个特点,当所述低熔点纤维被加热到熔点时,纤维基体的表面与柔性金属层的低发射率表面之间会部分粘合。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的纤维基材料层有一个与金属层相邻的低密度纤维层,所述密度低于该纤维基材料的平均密度。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的纤维基材料层包括一个具有第一直径的第一组分,和一个具有第二直径的第二组分,第二直径至少是第一直径的两倍。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的纤维基材料层是一种织物材料,该织物材料被加工为具有许多用于支撑金属层的从该织物材料向外突出的纤维。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的金属层是一个金属箔片。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的金属箔片有一个与第一表面相对的第二表面,该绝热结构进一步包括一个结合到第二表面的基质层。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的基质层主要由聚合材料形成。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的聚合材料的厚度至少约为50m,并至少包括一种被选用来增强该聚合材料耐候性的助剂。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的聚合材料应选择不能撕裂的材料,所述聚合材料、金属层和纤维基材料被缝合在一起。
根据本发明的另一个特点,还提供了一种涂敷到所述结构上的密封剂,以便密封缝合的区域。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的聚合材料层包括一系列增强材料。
根据本发明的另一个特点,还提供了一个结合在基质层背面的第二金属层。
根据本发明的另一个特点,所述的金属层是通过将金属沉积在柔性基质层表面而形成的。
根据本发明的另一个特点,还提供了一种帐篷,该帐篷包括至少一面用本发明的绝热结构制造的墙。
附图简述
本发明在此仅通过实施例并参考附图来描述,其中:
图1是一个基本的单面实施例截面示意图,其具有根据本发明的描述进行构造和操作的柔性反射绝热结构。
图2A和2B是图1的柔性反射绝热结构分别在压缩贮存和非压缩状态下的截面示意图。
图3是一个双面结构的截面示意图,是图1实施例的一个变化形式。
图4是一个采用了聚合物增强层的双面结构实施例截面示意图,是图1的另一变化形式。
图5是一个采用了聚合物增强反射层的双面结构实施例截面示意图,是图1的另一变化形式。
图6是一个空腔墙体绝热结构实施例的截面示意图,其采用了根据本发明的柔性反射绝热结构。
图7是采用了根据本发明的柔性反射绝热结构的阁楼式绝热结构的截面示意图。
图8是包括一个制造纤维层的聚合物增强实施例的截面示意图,其具有根据本发明的描述进行构造和操作的柔性反射绝热结构;和
图9是本发明应用于帐篷的截面示意图。
优选实施方案
本发明为建筑、帐篷和其他用途提供了柔性反射绝热结构。
参照附图和相应的说明,可以更好地理解本发明的柔性反射绝热结构的原理和操作。
现在请看附图,图1-8显示了根据本发明的说明进行构造和操作的、柔性反射绝热结构的不同的实施和应用。
通常,本发明的每一柔性反射绝热结构包括至少一个纤维基材料层10,和至少一个柔性金属层12,该金属层具有一个发射率小于0.1,优选不高于约0.05的第一表面14。金属层12结合于纤维基材料层10并使第一表面14朝向层10。纤维基材料层10优选结合于金属层12,并使得第一表面14的约85%,优选至少约95%,最优选至少约97%的发射率基本上未受影响。
应当注意到,与前述的现有技术相比,采用柔性的纤维基材料与低辐射表面结合具有很大的优越性。首先,纤维基材料本身的性质是,其通过点或线接触的总面积很小,从而使得其与反射表面结合时,对该表面的低辐射性质的影响最小。同时已经发现,作为反射层的辐射屏障时,纤维基材料几乎与开放的空间效果相同,而且,纤维基材料还能够有效地防止空气流动,这样它就具了有进一步的绝热性质,即有效地阻碍热的对流和传导。通过下文的描述,本发明的这些及其他优点将更加明显。
就所观察到的令人惊奇的事实,即纤维基材料在阻碍辐射方面几乎与开放的空间相同来看,不限制本发明的范围,据信此观察具有反射绝热理论的坚实基础。特别是,如果用与热流方向垂直的两个平行的表面来定义一个单独的反射空间,其有效发射率E可按下式计算: E = ( 1 ϵ 1 + 1 ϵ 2 - 1 ) - 1
其中ε1和ε2为两个表面各自的发射率。由上式可见,如果其中一个表面具有低发射率(例如,ε1=0.039),即使另一表面接近黑体的发射率(例如,ε2=0.9),该系统的总发射率仍然很低(E=0.039)。所以,只要接触面积很小,与低发射率的表面相对的空间中存在的纤维不会降低本发明的辐射屏障的有效性。
现在来看图1、2A和2B,它们显示了第一个基本实施例,该实施例通过采用纤维基非织造材料层10,示例性地说明了本发明的原理。
采用非织造材料具有一系列独特的优点。最应当注意到的是,非织造材料被制造为具有优良的压缩性质,它可以压缩为如图2A所示的状态,特别是可以卷成辊筒形的贮存状态,并在展开时呈现图2B所示的非压缩的复原状态。最充分的复原需要一个星期。展开后的非压缩状态的厚度T2优选大于至少是压缩状态下厚度T1的两倍,在优选的实施例中,其比例系数可以至少是5直至高达8倍以上。于是,一个典型的压缩卷取厚度为2-4mm的层,体积恢复后,其纤维层的厚度可达10-30mm。这大大节约了贮存和运输的成本。
如前所述,一个特别的优点是,采用纤维基材料可以显著的阻碍对流的空气流。通过采用可产生较大流动阻尼的相对小直径的纤维能够加强这一作用。另一方面,小直径纤维回弹性较小,这会阻碍有效体积的恢复。为了解决这一问题,所述纤维基材料优选具有不同直径的各种纤维组分。典型地,已经发现,约20%重量百分数的相对较大直径的纤维与约80%重量百分数的较小直径的纤维混合时效果很好。大直径纤维的直径与小直径纤维的直径之比至少为2∶1,通常根据所用材料的性质的不同,该比例会显著地增大。
为了避免在表面14上聚集灰尘,本发明的一个特别优选的特点是,层10的纤维基本上是在通常使用条件下不产生灰尘的材料。为了达到这一目的,所用的纤维优选是柔性纤维,于是这种材料在被弯曲、折叠、踩踏或以其他粗暴的方式处置时,仍不会因有足够量的纤维断裂而产生明显的灰尘。基于这个原因,与通常用于传统绝热材料中的更为脆性的纤维相比,优选采用更普遍地用于纺织工业的柔性纤维。优选的实施例包括,但不局限于,聚酯纤维、织物聚酰胺纤维(尼龙)以及丙烯酸卷曲纤维。在最为优选的实施例中,层10主要由聚酯纤维,最优选地,低熔点聚酯纤维的中空聚酯纤维形成。
为了减少接触表面面积,使之具有反射绝热的有效空间,在本发明的多数应用中,纤维层优选采用每10cm厚度的(非压缩状态)密度不超过约4kg/m2的“中空(airy)”结构。在优选的实施例中,优选采用每10cm厚度的密度不超过约0.4-2kg/m2的非织造材料。
可选择地,层10的加工可以使与金属层12相结合的纤维层(优选2-4mm厚)的密度低于该纤维材料整体的容积密度。该表面层的特性优选为每10cm厚度的密度为0.3-1.0kg/m2。这可通过已知的加工方法,如表面梳毛(surface combing)或从初始超厚的料块上除去一层材料来实现。但是应当指出,这些附加的表面减厚手段通常不是必需的,因为中空纤维材料与前述相邻表面的接触面积本来就很小。
为了保证在此低密度下所需的体积和结构的完整性,在形成层10内的纤维时优选采取不同的预处理措施。首先,层10优选包括卷曲纤维,最优选双卷曲纤维,于是这类纤维被弯出非共面的部分。在本文中,术语“卷曲的”通常被用来指采用任何方法形成的卷曲的纤维。这为相对较低密度的纤维提供了更好的机械支撑。另外,生产过程优选使纤维的主要伸展方向尽量地不同,以产生相互充分交连的层。
对于通常优选低密度的一个例外是,在用于帐篷等的基于纤维的薄层的情况下,优选采用相对较高的密度以便提供足够的结构完整性。特别地,此类结构典型地采用2-5mm的高密度非织造层或压缩性相对较差的织造材料。
现在来看金属层12,其最简单的实施方法是采用金属箔片。替换地,在采用一个与金属层结合的基质层时(见下图4和5),层12可由气相沉积法在基质表面形成。最常见地,尽管可用其他不易腐蚀的低发射率金属来代替,但还是采用铝。例子包括,但不局限于,黄铜、铜、金、银和铂。所述低发射率的表面优选是经过打磨的,最优选是经过精细打磨的。选择性地,金属箔片向外的表面也被处理成低发射率的。但是,应当指出,根据本发明的起主要反射作用(低发射率)的表面仍然是向内的表面14,该表面被保护不发生上述腐蚀问题。
金属层12与纤维基材料层10的结合优选采用多种技术之一的粘合剂。根据一个首选的技术,将所述粘合剂涂敷到纤维基材料上时,使用一个零负荷的滚筒,在层10的空间隔离带上涂敷,使之排他地只与突出层外的纤维相接触,从而保证与金属层12的充分接触。然后将该金属层与涂有粘合剂的纤维接触。所用的粘合剂优选低粘度的,以避免形成大滴,大滴在与金属层接触上时会扩散开来。替换地,然后将该金属层与加热到熔点的低熔点纤维接触,并将其轻轻挤压,以避免形成大滴,这些大滴会在金属层上扩散开来,损害其低发射率。
替代的粘合技术是,在将纤维层和金属层结合在一起之前,在纤维层或金属层上将粘合剂涂敷成小面积的某种图案。适当的图案典型地是矩形、六边形或其他小点形成的格子,其占总表面积的少于40%,优选少于5%,或更优选少于3%。
适当的粘合剂包括,但不局限于,各种热粘合剂、风干粘合剂和热敏粘合剂。
另一替代的技术是,对所述基于纤维的材料上的纤维采用最小压力的定位焊接,使其与第一表面14的结合面少于15%,优选少于5%,或甚至3%。
现在来看本发明的另外的实施例,最优选的实施例的一个优选的特征是,层10被两个相对的表面包围。这增加了结构的对流绝热特性,并形成了一个基本上封闭的单元,从而防止了污物和灰尘到达低发射率表面。为了进一步增强密封,在生产或安装过程中,可以选择性地采用一个塑料等的薄层将该结构沿其侧边封闭。
为了进一步阻止灰尘和空气的流动,一个附加的金属层充当了密封件,该结构提供了阻碍辐射的两道屏障,这极大地增强了绝热性能。该结构的一个例子如图3所示,每一个界面都完全等同于参照图1的描述。
图4显示了另一种变化,其中的绝热结构进一步包括一个结合到金属层12的外表面上的基质层16。在此情形下,如前所述,金属层可以是结合到基质层上的箔层,或其上沉积的涂层。根据应用目的的不同,基质层16的选择应具有所需的机械强度、磨耗性能、耐候性或其他理化性质。适当的基质层的例子包括,但不局限于,织物、纸张和各种聚合物,该聚合物包括聚乙烯、PVC、尼龙和聚酯。对于特定的用途,采用织物基质和其他耐撕裂聚合物基质具有独到的优点,因为这样他们可被缝合成特定的结构。在此情况下,缝合就成为该结构的各个层之间相互结合的主要方式。为了保证缝合线的位置不致损害绝热性,优选在缝合的区域涂敷密封剂。另外,缝合线应当采用遇潮湿可以膨胀的,以便使缝合时形成的孔隙密闭。对于全天候性的应用,如多功能帐篷,最优选塑性PVC,并在其中加入抗紫外线和气候变化的添加剂。
参照图9,它举例显示了一个帐篷,该帐篷至少有一面墙是用本发明的的绝热结构所形成的。本文中,“帐篷”一词通常用来指主要由一种柔性材料形成的结构,该柔性材料可由支撑结构支撑或者是充气式的。此用途的聚合物材料优选厚度至少约50m,优选约m500,并包括至少一种能够增强材料耐候性能的添加剂。
为了增加结构的强度,基质层16的聚合物应用可以包括一系列增强材料18。增强材料的选择应当能提供改进的抗张强度。适当的增强材料的例子包括,但不局限于,拉伸的纤维材料、织造的和非织造的布。
现在来看图5,它显示了另一个变化,其中的一个第二金属层20或者被结合到,或者被气相沉积到基质层16的背面。这形成了一个增强的夹心结构,其发射性能相当于具有两个低发射率的表面的箔片。尽管如前所述,本发明的主要反射屏障为朝向纤维基材料层10的表面,但层20的向外的表面在许多情况下也可进一步增强反射绝热性能。
图6和7显示了本发明的一些特定用途。图6显示了一个带空腔的墙22,其中结合了图3或5所描述的结构。优选地,该结构通过一系列使得与内墙表面形成小空隙的间隔材料24组装起来。所得到的空间进一步阻碍了热传导,在图5的结构中,则充当了附加的辐射屏障。在另一侧,需要一个大一些的空隙,以便容纳电线26等。但是,应当注意到,本发明事实上可以被容易安装到任何所需厚度的空隙中,既可采用单一厚度的纤维基材料层10,也可采用其重叠型或任何类型的层状结构。
图7显示了本发明的一种用于水泥或灰泥屋顶28的阁楼式绝热结构。此图所示的反射绝热结构被制作成一种多层结构,其中有两个纤维基材料层10,层10的顶层均为金属层12。至少介质材料金属层12优选为参见上图5所示的夹心结构,于是提供了一个附加的面朝上的辐射屏障。选择性地,为了密封此绝热结构的底部,在较低的纤维基材料层10下方增加了一个附加的聚合物层30。
应当指出,本发明的这一和其他的实施例中,所述的结构在最后发货之前,所供应和运输的结构形式有很大的灵活性。所以,在图7的情形下,所述结构可以是一个背面结合到纤维基材料层的反射板材(或“夹心”结构)。最上部的金属层可在安装过程中贴合。替代地,上层可参照类似于图5那样作为一个单元来提供,即可以将其粘结到,或只是简单地覆盖于单独的纤维层10之上。在另一个替代实施例中,该结构可通过与图1(图7的下部)和3(上部)所描述的结构相结合。
最后看图8,应当指出,本发明还可采用一个基于织造纤维的材料32来实施。典型地,据信厚度达约2.5mm的织造材料对于该应用是经济的。该材料可选择性地采用一种聚合聚合物背衬36或类似物来增强。
在许多情形下,足够比例的纤维不规则地从织造材料的主体上突出来,从而允许其以较少的面积与金属层接触,而无须做进一步的预处理。但是,在其他情形下,优选对材料进行处理,特别是采用被称为“浮雕(raising)”的方法来使多个突出的纤维从织造材料表面向外伸展,以便支持金属层12。
尽管典型地,突出的纤维34不如本发明的非织造实施例易于压缩,但其通常提供了重要的回弹压缩性,从而获得了厚度降低的系数约为2。
应当指出,上述说明仅仅是列举,还有其他许多实施例在本发明的构想和范围之内。

Claims (27)

1.一种柔性的反射绝热结构,包括:
(i)一层基本上不生尘的、柔性的纤维基材料;和
(ii)一个柔性金属层,其具有一个发射率低于0.1第一表面,所述金属层被结合到所述的纤维基材料上,其第一表面朝向该纤维基材料,并使得该第一表面的至少约85%的发射率基本上未受影响。
2.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述的第一表面的发射率不高于0.05。
3.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述金属层用粘合剂结合到所述的纤维基材料上,所述的粘合剂占所述第一表面的不少于约15%。
4.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述的金属层被结合到所述的纤维基材料层上,结合方式是通过所述纤维基材料的最小压力的定位焊接,从而使其接触面少于所述第一表面的约15%。
5.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述金属层结合到所述纤维基材料层上,结合方式使得所述第一表面的发射率的至少约95%基本上未受影响。
6.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述金属层结合到所述纤维基材料层上,结合方式使得得所述第一表面的发射率的至少约97%基本上未受影响。
7.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层是一种非织造材料。
8.权利要求7的绝热结构,其中所述非织造材料被形成一种可卷取存放的可压缩状态,当其被展开成非压缩状态时能够恢复原状,该非织造材料在非压缩状态下所占的体积至少是其在压缩状态下所占体积的两倍。
9.权利要求8的绝热结构,其中所述非织造材料在所述未压缩的状态下,每10cm厚度的容积密度不超过约4kg/m2
10.权利要求8的绝热结构,其中所述非织造材料在所述未压缩的状态下,每10cm厚度的容积密度为从约0.9kg/m2到约2kg/m2
11.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层主要由聚酯纤维形成。
12.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层包括卷曲纤维。
13.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层有一个与金属层相邻的低密度纤维层,所述密度低于该纤维基材料的平均密度。
14.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层包括一个具有第一直径的第一组分,和一个具有第二直径的第二组分,第二直径至少是第一直径的两倍。
15.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述纤维基材料层是一种织物材料,该织物材料被加工为具有许多用于支撑金属层的从织造材料向外突出的纤维。
16.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述金属层是一个金属箔片。
17.权利要求16的绝热结构,其中所述金属箔片有一个与所述第一表面相对的第二表面,该绝热结构进一步包括一个结合到所述第二表面的基质层。
18.权利要求17的绝热结构,其中所述基质层主要由聚合物材料形成。
19.权利要求18的绝热结构,其中所述聚合材料的厚度至少约为50m,并至少包括一种被选用来增强该聚合材料耐候性的添加剂。
20.权利要求18的绝热结构,其中所述聚合材料选择不能撕裂的材料,所述聚合材料、金属层和纤维基材料被缝合在一起。
21.权利要求20的绝热结构,进一步包括施用到所述结构上的密封剂,以便密封缝合的区域。
22.权利要求18的绝热结构,其中所述聚合材料包括一系列增强材料。
23.权利要求17的绝热结构,进一步包括一个结合在所述基质层背面的第二金属层。
24.权利要求1的绝热结构,其中所述的金属层由金属沉积在柔性基质层表面上形成。
25.权利要求24的绝热结构,其中所述基质层主要由聚合物材料形成。
26.权利要求25的绝热结构,进一步包括一个结合在所述聚合物材料层背面的第二金属层。
27.一种帐篷,包括至少一面由权利要求1的绝热结构形成的墙。
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JPH11343679A (ja) * 1998-04-01 1999-12-14 Nippon Petrochem Co Ltd 断熱材およびその使用方法
US6599850B1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2003-07-29 Raphael Heifetz Flexible reflective insulating structures

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101080320B (zh) * 2004-10-22 2010-06-16 亨特技术有限公司 多层热绝缘系统
CN104175649A (zh) * 2013-12-19 2014-12-03 南宁市磁汇科技有限公司 抗火毯
CN106795992A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2017-05-31 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 管道衬套
CN108291399A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2018-07-17 施梅泽尔工业控股有限公司 绝热材料布置和用于形成绝热材料的方法
CN110001160A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-12 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种耐高温的多层复合隔热部件及其制备方法

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AU2001236788B2 (en) 2005-09-15
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US20040058608A1 (en) 2004-03-25
US6599850B1 (en) 2003-07-29
EP1268194A1 (en) 2003-01-02
PT1268194E (pt) 2005-04-29
ES2234814T3 (es) 2005-07-01
CA2399614A1 (en) 2001-08-16
JP5127015B2 (ja) 2013-01-23
WO2001058683A1 (en) 2001-08-16
DE60107822T2 (de) 2005-12-01
AU3678801A (en) 2001-08-20
WO2001058683A9 (en) 2002-10-24
ATE284785T1 (de) 2005-01-15
ZA200206398B (en) 2003-08-12
CN1261297C (zh) 2006-06-28
IL151107A0 (en) 2003-04-10
EP1268194A4 (en) 2003-05-02
EP1268194B1 (en) 2004-12-15
DE60107822D1 (de) 2005-01-20
CA2399614C (en) 2009-06-02
JP2003525772A (ja) 2003-09-02

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