CN1415003A - 制冷装置 - Google Patents

制冷装置 Download PDF

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CN1415003A
CN1415003A CN00817861A CN00817861A CN1415003A CN 1415003 A CN1415003 A CN 1415003A CN 00817861 A CN00817861 A CN 00817861A CN 00817861 A CN00817861 A CN 00817861A CN 1415003 A CN1415003 A CN 1415003A
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refrigeration
refrigeration agent
mentioned
viscosity
ether oil
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平良繁治
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种制冷装置，它使用将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂和40℃时粘度为46～82cst的聚乙烯醚油构成的动作介质，因此、它是使用一种含有GWP(地球气温增高系数)低的制冷剂R32的动作介质，能确保充分的可靠性、并且能提高COP值的。

Description

制冷装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用动作介质的制冷装置，该动作介质含有制冷剂R32(化学式CH2F2)。
背景技术
由于在使用制冷剂的热泵方式的制冷装置中，臭氧层破坏系数大的HCFC系制冷剂已成为氟隆(フロン)限制的对象，因而将臭氧层破坏系数为零的构成HFC系制冷剂的R410A(R32∶R125＝50∶50)制冷剂用作它的替代制冷剂。虽然用那种利用制冷剂R410A的制冷装置中、能得到与制冷剂R22同等COP值(成绩系数)的已形成制品，但是，近年来、从节省能量的观点出发，还在要求进一步提高COP值。可是，用制冷剂R410A的会使热交换器尺寸增大、使制冷剂充填量增加，有不能提高价值和不能将COP值提高到制冷剂R22以上的问题。
发明的简要说明
本发明是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题而作出的，其目的是提供一种使用动作介质、能充分确保可靠性而且能提高COP值的制冷装置，上述动作介质是含有R32制冷剂的。
为了达到上述目的而作出的本发明制冷装置，其特征在于，它是将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂和聚乙烯醚油构成用作动作介质的，上述聚乙烯醚油是在40℃时粘度为46～82cst。
本申请人利用一种将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂和聚乙烯醚油构成动作用介质的，上述聚乙烯醚油是在40℃时粘度为46～82cst的制冷装置，由实验发现：它能与地球环境问题相对应、而且能使压缩机的润滑性变好，能得到充分的可靠性和高的COP值。因此，如果采用具有上述结构的制冷装置，把作为冷冻机油而用于制冷剂R32的聚乙烯醚油的40℃时的粘度降低到能得到充分可靠性的46～82cst范围内，使压缩机的机械效率提高，则能由此使系统的COP值提高。而，由于把40℃时的粘度降低到46～82cst范围内的低粘度聚乙烯醚油选用作冷冻机油，因而对室内组件和室外组件分开的分体式空调机的制冷装置而言，能使它的室内组件和室外组件的高低差比使用制冷剂R410A、R22的大，而且能使连接室内组件和室外组件的连接管路长度增长，使气体连接管路的直径减小。
本发明制冷装置的一个实施方式，其特征在于，上述聚乙烯醚油是在40℃时、粘度为46～68cst的。
如果采用上述实施方式，则能更确实地提高系统的COP值。
本发明制冷装置的一个实施方式，其特征在于，压缩机用电动机的定子线圈是用交联聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺中的至少一种绝缘层包覆的。
如果采用上述实施方式，由于用交联聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺中的至少一种绝缘层包覆上述压缩机用电动机的定子线圈，因而能提高绝缘层的耐气候性，能得到高的可靠性，能长期使用。
本发明制冷装置的另一个实施方式，其特征在于，上述聚乙烯醚油是至少添加了消泡剂、水分补足剂和耐高压添加剂中一种的。
如果采用上述实施方式，由于在上述聚乙烯醚油里添加了消泡剂，因而抑制了起泡特性，能防止由发泡现象引起的制冷剂吸入而形成的压缩机烧蚀。而且，由于在聚乙烯醚油里添加了水分补足剂，因而能防止由水分的影响而引起的化学反应恶化和温度低的部分结冰。还由于在聚乙烯醚油里添加了耐高压添加剂，因而能在压缩机的滑动面上、由耐高压添加剂形成化学吸附膜，能提高滑动部分的润滑性。
本发明制冷装置的另一个实施方式，其特征在于，设有将压缩机、凝结器、减压机构和蒸发器连接成环状的制冷回路，在上述制冷回路里、没有用于除去制冷剂中水分的干燥机。
如果采用上述实施方式的制冷装置，由于把对水分具有很少强恶化的聚乙烯醚油用于冷冻机油，因而能制成没有干燥机的空调机，能降低成本和使装置小型化。
本发明的空调机，其特征在于，它是将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％R32的混合制冷剂和聚乙烯醚油构成动作介质的，上述聚乙烯醚油是在40℃时粘度为46～82cst；上述空调机设有室内组件和室外组件。
如果采用具有上述结构的空调机，则能使室内组件和室外组件的高低差比使用制冷剂R410A、R22的高；能使连接室内组件和室外组件的连接管路更长；而且能使气体连接管路的直径更细。
附图的简要说明
图1是表示作为本发明制冷装置一个实施方式的空调机的概略结构的回路图。
图2A、图2B是表示上述空调机中的与聚乙烯醚油的粘度等级相对应的压缩机可靠性和系统COP值的示意图。
图3A、图3B、图3C是表示关于制冷剂R410A、R22和R32的、与制冷剂油粘度等级相对应的高低差、连接管路的长度、气体连接管路直径的示意图。
实施发明的最佳实施方式
下面，根据图示的实施方式、更详细地说明本发明的制冷装置。
图1是表示作为本发明制冷装置一个实施方式的热泵式空调机的概略结构的回路图，1是压缩机；2是四路转换阀，它的一端与上述压缩机1的排出侧相连接；3是室外热交换器，它的一端与上述四路转换阀2的另一端相连接；4是电动膨胀阀，它的一端与上述室外热交换器3的另一端相连接；5是室内热交换器，它的一端与上述电动膨胀阀4的另一端相连接；6是储液器，它的一端借助四路转换阀2而与上述室内热交换器5的另一端相连接，另一端与压缩机1的吸入侧相连接。上述空调机设有：用于检测压缩机1的排出管温度的温度传感器11；用于检测室外热交换器3的制冷剂温度的温度传感器12；用于检测外界空气温度的温度传感器13；用于检测室内热交换器5的制冷剂温度的温度传感器14；用于检测室内温度的温度传感器15；用于检测上述压缩机1的吸入侧制冷剂温度的温度传感器16；接受从上述温度传感器11～16输出的信号、控制压缩机1和电动膨胀阀4等的控制装置7。而且，在上述电动膨胀阀4和室内热交换器5之间配设着封闭阀21，在室内热交换器5和四路转换阀2之间还配设着封闭阀24。
由上述压缩机1、四路转换阀2、室外热交换器3、电动膨胀阀4、储液器6、控制装置7、封闭阀21、封闭阀24、温度传感器11～13、温度传感器16和室外风扇(图中没有表示)构成室外组件10，而且，由室内热交换器5、温度传感器14、温度传感器15和室内风扇(图中没有表示)构成室内组件20。
而且，上述空调机中使用的动作介质是制冷剂R32或由至少含有70重量％以上制冷剂R32的混合制冷剂和40℃时、粘度是46～82cst的聚乙烯醚油(出光兴产制、商品型号FV46～FV82)构成的。所谓厘沲[est]是动粘度单位，用[mm2/秒]表示。而且动粘度是以JIS K2283-1983的动粘度试验方法为基准、用玻璃制造的毛细管式粘度计测定的。
具有上述结构的空调机，在进行送冷气运转时，使四路转换阀2转换成实线表示的转换位置，当起动压缩机1时，从压缩机1排出的高压制冷剂就通过四路转换阀2而进入室外热交换器3。接着，由电动膨胀阀4将由上述室外热交换器3凝结的制冷剂减压之后，通过连接管路22而进入室内热交换器5。由上述室内热交换器5蒸发的制冷剂借助连接管路23、四路转换阀2和储液器6而回归到压缩机1的吸入侧。这样，使含有制冷剂R32的动作介质在上述压缩机1、室外热交换器3、电动膨胀阀4、室内热交换器5和储液器6构成的制冷剂回路里循环，进行制冷循环。这样，由室内风扇(图中没有表示)、借助室内热交换器5使室内空气循环，由此将冷气送到室内。
本申请人把加入到制冷剂R32中的聚乙烯醚油的粘度等级进行改变，对压缩机的可靠性和系统的COP值(成绩系数)所作的调查结果如图2A、图2B所示，由图示可见，在40℃时、粘度是46～82cst范围的能得到良好的特性。即、图2A是表示与粘度等级相对应的压缩机可靠性，图2B是表示与粘度等级相对应的与制冷剂R410A的COP值的比例，如图2A、图2B所示，在40℃时、粘度是46～82cst范围的压缩机可靠性较好，而且系统的COP值也比制冷剂R410A的提高了。最好将聚乙烯醚油在40℃时的粘度取成46～68cst，由此能确实地提高系统的COP值。如果是至少含有70重量％以上制冷剂R32的混合制冷剂，则对压缩机可靠性的提高和系统的COP值提高的效果几乎没有差异。
而且，为了对制冷剂R410A、R22和制冷剂R32进行比较，在分别改变冷冻机油的粘度等级后进行了实验、通过实验对室内组件和室外组件的高低差、连接管路长度和气体连接管路的直径作了调查。这时，将作为冷冻机油的聚乙烯醚油(出光兴产制、商品型号FVC)用于制冷剂R410A；将作为冷冻机油的(斯年速油)スニソ油用于制冷剂R22、将冷冻机油聚乙烯醚油(商品型号FV)用于制冷剂R32，用冷冻能力4～5kW的空调机进行实验。实验的结果如图3A所示，对制冷剂R410A、R22和R32来说、冷冻机油的粘度等级越高，室内组件和室外组件的最大高低差越低；而对制冷剂32而言，无论在怎样粘度等级下、室内/室外的最大高低差都比制冷剂R410A、R22的大。而且，如图3B所示，对制冷剂R410A、R22和R32来说、冷冻机油的粘度等级越高，连接管路的最大长度越长；而对制冷剂32而言，无论在怎样粘度等级下、连接管路的最大长度都比制冷剂R410A、R22的长。此外，如图3C所示，对制冷剂R410A、R22和R32来说、冷冻机油的粘度等级越高，气体连接管路的最小直径就越粗；而对制冷剂32而言，无论在怎样粘度等级下、气体连接管路的最小直径都比制冷剂R410A、R22的细。
因此，就能提供这样的空调机，即、它是将那种含有GWP(地球气温增高系数)低的制冷剂R32用作动作介质，并由此能得到与地球环境问题相对应的、而且有充分高的可靠性和高COP值的。
由于上述压缩机1用的电动机的定子线圈是用交联聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺等聚合物中的至少一种绝缘层包覆的，因而能提高绝缘层的耐气候性、能得到高可靠性。
由于在上述聚乙烯醚油里添加了消泡剂，因而抑制了起泡特性，能防止由发泡现象引起的制冷剂吸入而形成的压缩机烧蚀。而且，由于在聚乙烯醚油里添加了水分补足剂，因而能防止由水分的影响而引起的化学反应恶化和温度低的部分结冰。还由于在聚乙烯醚油里添加了耐高压添加剂，因而能在压缩机1的滑动面上、由耐高压添加剂形成化学吸附膜，能提高滑动部分的润滑性。
由于R32的分子量小，因而很难使用干燥机将水分除去，但是，由于把上述的与酯油等其他合成油相比、对水分具有强特性的聚乙烯醚油用于冷冻机油，因而能制成没有干燥机的空调机或干燥机很小的空调机。
由于选择在40℃时粘度为46～82cst范围内的低粘度聚乙烯醚油作为冷冻机油，因而能使室内组件20和室外组件10的高低差比使用制冷剂R410A、R22的高；能使连接室内组件20和室外组件10的连接管路22、23更长；而且能使气体连接管路的直径更细。
上述实施方式是对作为制冷装置的空调机进行了说明，但是本发明也适用于其他制冷装置。
上述实施方式是对作为制冷装置的使用制冷剂R32的空调机进行了说明，但是用于制冷装置的制冷剂并不局限于这个制冷剂，还可以是至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂。譬如是制冷剂R32和CO2的混合制冷剂，可以是相对于CO2、制冷剂R32的量是70重量％以上、而且是90重量％以下的混合制冷剂；也可以是制冷剂R32和制冷剂R22的混合制冷剂；可以是相对于制冷剂R22、制冷剂R32的量是70重量％以上、而且是90重量％以下的混合制冷剂。

Claims (6)

1.制冷装置，其特征在于，它使用将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂和40℃时粘度为46～82cst的聚乙烯醚油构成的动作介质。
2.如权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，上述聚乙烯醚油在40℃时、粘度为46～68cst。
3.如权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，压缩机用电动机的定子线圈是用交联聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚酯、聚酯酰亚胺、聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺中的至少一种绝缘层包覆的。
4.如权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，上述聚乙烯醚油添加了消泡剂、水分补足剂和耐高压添加剂中至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其特征在于，设有将压缩机(1)、凝结器(3)、减压机构(4)和蒸发器(5)连接成环状的制冷回路，在上述制冷回路里、没有用于除去制冷剂中水分的干燥机。
6.空调机，其特征在于，它使用将制冷剂R32或至少含有70重量％以上R32的混合制冷剂和40℃时粘度为46～82cst的聚乙烯醚油构成的动作介质，上述空调机设有室内组件和室外组件。
CN00817861A 1999-12-28 2000-11-20 制冷装置 Pending CN1415003A (zh)

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