CN103998873A - 空气调节机 - Google Patents

空气调节机 Download PDF

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CN103998873A
CN103998873A CN201280060234.4A CN201280060234A CN103998873A CN 103998873 A CN103998873 A CN 103998873A CN 201280060234 A CN201280060234 A CN 201280060234A CN 103998873 A CN103998873 A CN 103998873A
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refrigeration cycle
air conditioner
refrigerant
compressor
hfo
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藤高章
川边义和
丸本一彦
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的空气调节机，包括：将压缩机、冷凝器、减压器、蒸发器连接而构成的制冷循环，在制冷循环内，封入有以二氟甲烷(R32)和四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或HFO-1234ze)为主要成分且R32的浓度为70％以下的混合制冷剂，混合制冷剂在制冷循环内循环，且制冷循环在超过50℃的气氛温度下使制冷剂冷凝。由此，即使在气氛温度达50℃以上的情况下，也能实现高效率，使压缩机的排出温度与当前使用的R-410A同等，提高制冷循环的可靠性，并且因为使用低全球变暖潜势的制冷剂，在制冷剂泄漏到大气中的情况下也能减少其对全球变暖的影响。

Description

空气调节机
技术领域
本发明涉及利用全球变暖潜势较低的制冷剂的空气调节机。
背景技术
当前，发展中国家的空气调节机等的制冷剂使用R-22，但由于它是破坏臭氧层的HCFC，所以根据蒙特利尔议定书成为了削减对象。
因此，作为HCFC的替代，正在探讨使用在发达国家作为不破坏臭氧层的制冷剂使用的HFC制冷剂R-410A。在使用该R-410A的空调机中，在气氛温度达40℃以上的运转条件下，运转效率下降，所以提高送风风扇的风速，降低冷凝温度，防止效率下降。(例如参照专利文献1。)
图3是专利文献1的制冷循环图。在该制冷循环中，压缩机101、室外热交换器102、减压器103、室内热交换器104、室外风扇105构成制冷循环。在气氛温度达40℃以上的运转条件下，控制部106以提高室外风扇105的风速的方式进行控制。
先行技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特许第3601134号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而，在上述现有技术的空气调节机中，在气氛温度超过50℃的运转条件下，即使提高送风风扇的风速，冷凝温度下降所致的运转效率改善和送风风扇的消耗电力增加等所致的效率下降也相抵消，存在无法改善运转效率的技术问题。另外，R-410A的临界温度为71.3℃，与R22的临界温度相比相当低，在气氛温度超过50℃的运转条件下，冷凝器的R-410A的冷凝温度上升到R-410A的临界温度(71.3℃)附近，在冷凝潜热小的状态下冷凝，所以冷凝器的效率下降。其结果是，存在空气调节机的性能下降的由制冷剂的热物理性质导致的问题。
另外，R-410A的全球变暖潜势(GWP)为2088，较高，存在制冷剂泄漏到大气中时的全球变暖影响大的技术问题。
于是，本发明是鉴于上述现有技术的问题而做出的，其目的在于提供一种使用低全球变暖潜势的制冷剂，即使在气氛温度超过50℃的运转条件下，运转效率依然高的空气调节机。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的空气调节机包括将压缩机、冷凝器、减压器、蒸发器连接起来构成的制冷循环，
在上述制冷循环内，封入有以二氟甲烷(R32)和四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或HFO-1234ze)为主要成分且R32的浓度为70％以下的混合制冷剂，上述混合制冷剂在上述制冷循环内循环，且
上述制冷循环在超过50℃的气氛温度下能使制冷剂冷凝。
由此，即使在超过50℃的气氛温度的情况下，也不再需要进行例如提高送风风扇的风速来使其冷凝温度下降的效率降低动作。其结果是，与R-410A相比，能量效率高，而且压缩机的排出温度成为与R-410A同等的排出温度，能够对可靠性的提高起作用。
发明效果
根据本发明，即使在气氛温度达50℃以上的情况下，也能实现高效率，使压缩机的排出温度与当前使用的R-410A同等，提高制冷循环的可靠性。另外，因为使用低全球变暖潜势的制冷剂，在制冷剂泄漏到大气中时，也能减少其对全球变暖的影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式1的空气调节机的制冷循环图。
图2是表示该实施方式1的制冷剂的排出温度和效率的关系的图。
图3是现有技术的空气调节机的制冷循环图。
具体实施方式
第一方式的空气调节机，包括：将压缩机、冷凝器、减压器、蒸发器连接起来构成的制冷循环，
在上述制冷循环内，封入有以二氟甲烷(R32)和四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或HFO-1234ze)为主要成分且R32的浓度为70％以下的混合制冷剂，上述混合制冷剂在上述制冷循环内循环，且
上述制冷循环在超过50℃的气氛温度下能使制冷剂冷凝。
由此，即使在超过50℃的气氛温度的情况下，也不再需要进行例如提高送风风扇的风速来使其冷凝温度下降的效率降低动作。其结果是，与R-410A相比，能量效率高，而且成为同等的排出温度，能够提高可靠性。
第二方式是在第一方式中，采用能在上述冷凝器的冷凝制冷剂的饱和温度超过60℃的状态下使用的结构。
由此，即使冷凝制冷剂的饱和温度超过60℃，也比R-410A能量效率更高，而且成为同等的排出温度，可靠性得到提高。
第三方式是在第一方式或第二方式中，使用全球变暖潜势为3以上、500以下的制冷剂，全球变暖潜势优选为350以下，进一步优选为150以下。
由此，能够用低GWP制冷剂实现高能量效率的运转，所以有助于防止全球变暖。
第四方式是在第一方式至第三方式中任一方式中，作为用于上述压缩机的冷冻机油，使用以聚氧化亚烷基二醇类、聚乙烯醚类、聚(氧化)亚烷基二醇或其单醚与聚乙烯醚的共聚物、多元醇酯类、以及聚碳酸酯类中任意种含氧化合物为主要成分的合成油、以烷基苯类或α烯烃类为主要成分的合成油、或矿物油。
由此，有助于提高空气调节机的可靠性。
下面，利用附图，对本发明的实施方式进行说明。但是，并不由本实施方式限定本发明。
(实施方式1)
图1是本发明的实施方式的空气调节机的制冷循环图。
图1中，该空气调节机包括室外机5和室内机7。室外机5包括：压缩制冷剂的压缩机1；切换供冷供暖运转时的制冷剂回路的四通阀2；交换制冷剂与外部空气的热量的室外热交换器3；和将制冷剂减压的减压器4。室内机7具有交换制冷剂与室内空气的热量的室内热交换器6。另外，用液体侧连接制冷剂配管8、气体侧连接制冷剂配管9将室内机7和室外机5连接成环状构成。
以二氟甲烷(R-32)为基础成分，R-32的浓度为70％以下，并且混合四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或HFO-1234ze)得到的混合制冷剂，封入到构成本实施方式的空气调节机的制冷循环中，并在其中循环。另外，优选使用分别将两成分混合或将三成分混合得到的制冷剂，使得全球变暖潜势为3以上、500以下，优选为350以下，更优选为150以下。
在空气调节机运转时(供冷)，由压缩机1压缩后的制冷剂成为高温高压的制冷剂，送至室外热交换器3。然后，与外部空气热交换散热，成为高压的液态制冷剂，送至减压器4。在减压器4中被减压成为低温低压的二相制冷剂，通过液体侧连接制冷剂配管8，送至室内机7。在室内机7中，制冷剂进入到室内热交换器6，与室内空气热交换吸热，蒸发气化成为低温的气体制冷剂。此时，室内空气被冷却，对室内供冷。制冷剂进而通过气体侧连接制冷剂配管9，返回室外机5，返回到压缩机1。
接着，对本实施方式的空气调节机在气氛温度为50℃以上的动作进行说明。
表1和图2表示在室内干球温度32℃、湿球温度23℃、室外干球温度55℃的条件下，制冷剂采用R-410A、R-32、R-32/HFO-1234yf＝70/30wt％、50/50wt％时的、制冷循环特性(全球变暖潜势(GWP)、排出温度、效率(COP))。效率(COP)基于R-410A的实测数据，令该情况为100％，令压缩机的压缩机效率相同而计算。
[表1]
由此结果可知，R-32的效率(COP)最高，但排出温度与R-410A相比还高23deg。混合制冷剂(R32/HFO-1234yf＝70/30wt％)的排出温度比R-410A高8deg，但效率提高了17％。另外，排出温度为114℃，依然能够使用R-22或R-410A设备中一直使用的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜、PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜、PPS(聚苯硫醚)膜等压缩机的电动机用耐热绝缘材料、聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)或聚酰亚胺等电动机绕组的耐热绝缘包覆材料、用于阀等的树脂材料、弹性体等。另外，混合制冷剂(R32/HFO-1234yf＝50/50wt％)的排出温度与R-410A同等，效率则高13％，对于树脂材料或弹性体的可靠性与R-410同等，效率也得到改善。
因此，能够提供在气氛温度超过50℃的运转条件下，可靠性高、运转效率高的空气调节机。即，即使在超过50℃的气氛温度情况下，也无需进行例如提高送风风扇的风速而降低其冷凝温度的效率降低动作。因此，能够确保与R-410A同等水平的运转效率和可靠性。
另外，作为压缩机中使用的冷冻机油，使用以聚氧化亚烷基二醇类、聚乙烯醚类、聚(氧化)亚烷基二醇或其单醚与聚乙烯醚的共聚物、多元醇酯类、以及聚碳酸酯类中任意种含氧化合物为主要成分的合成油、以烷基苯类或α烯烃类为主要成分的合成油、或矿物油。由此，能够对空气调节机的可靠性的进一步提高起作用。
产业上的利用可能性
根据本发明的空气调节机，在高冷凝温度的过负载运转条件下，能够实现能量效率的提高和可靠性的提高，能够装载于具有使用低GWP制冷剂的制冷循环的热泵热水供暖机等各式各样的设备，能够对全球变暖的防止起作用。
附图符号说明
1  压缩机
2  四通阀
3  室外热交换器(冷凝器)
4  减压器
5  室外机
6  室内热交换器(蒸发器)
7 室内机
8  液体侧连接制冷剂配管
9  气体侧连接制冷剂配管

Claims (4)

1.一种空气调节机，其特征在于：
具有将压缩机、冷凝器、减压器、蒸发器连接而构成的制冷循环，
在所述制冷循环内，封入有以二氟甲烷(R32)和四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或HFO-1234ze)为主要成分且R32的浓度为70％以下的混合制冷剂，所述混合制冷剂在所述制冷循环内循环，且
所述制冷循环在超过50℃的气氛温度使制冷剂冷凝。
2.如权利要求1所述的空气调节机，其特征在于：
所述冷凝器的冷凝制冷剂的饱和温度超过60℃。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的空气调节机，其特征在于：
作为所述制冷剂，使用全球变暖潜势为3以上500以下的制冷剂。
4.如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的空气调节机，其特征在于：
作为用于所述压缩机的冷冻机油，使用以聚氧化亚烷基二醇类、聚乙烯醚类、聚(氧化)亚烷基二醇或其单醚与聚乙烯醚的共聚物、多元醇酯类、以及聚碳酸酯类中任意种含氧化合物为主要成分的合成油、以烷基苯类或α烯烃类为主要成分的合成油、或者矿物油。
CN201280060234.4A 2011-12-08 2012-11-21 空气调节机 Pending CN103998873A (zh)

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