CN1414877A - 用于从烃流体除去杂质的吸收介质 - Google Patents

用于从烃流体除去杂质的吸收介质 Download PDF

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CN1414877A
CN1414877A CN00818050A CN00818050A CN1414877A CN 1414877 A CN1414877 A CN 1414877A CN 00818050 A CN00818050 A CN 00818050A CN 00818050 A CN00818050 A CN 00818050A CN 1414877 A CN1414877 A CN 1414877A
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J·S·里德
T·希曼斯基
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Abstract

本发明提供从烃流体中吸附磷酸酯和金属污染物的介质及其制造方法。这种介质包含氧化铝与相对少量的氧化钙和氧化镁,通过将少量组分或这些组分的前体分散在水合氧化铝凝胶如勃母石中的方法制得。

Description

用于从烃流体除去杂质的吸收介质
发明背景
本发明涉及处理粗烃流体,具体涉及能有效除去通常存在于这些流体中的引起麻烦的组分的吸附材料。
从地下资源生产原油时,钻出油井,使其钻到含油岩石成形物之后,经常需要破碎这些成形物,使原油流入井孔。通过使用“压裂液”来完成,压裂液如其名称所示,具有破碎含油岩石成形物效用。这些压裂液一般基于烃载液并含有proppant和磷酸酯衍生物作为凝胶剂,以确保压裂液不会广泛分散在成形物中而是停留在井孔附近。在足以达到上述目的压力下将压裂液泵入油井,然后从油井泵出压裂液进行再处理。但是,这样除去压裂液一般不完全,从油井抽提出的原油至少部分被磷酸酯衍生物污染。
压裂液还被存在于各种含磷酸酯的凝胶剂的金属有价物(metal value)污染,要求除去这样的金属有价物,因为它们会使在随后炼油厂的油品炼制中使用的催化剂中毒或沉积在用于进一步加工油品的设备中。磷酸酯污染物尤其不需要,因为它们通常呈酸性形式或可聚合形式,导致炼油厂的蒸馏或其它炼制设备遭受腐蚀危害,只好使用昂贵的不锈钢材料,或引起粘性残留物的沉积,这些残留物影响物品炼制的有效操作。
油品的“脱硫”即除去含硫的污染物如硫醇,可通过在碱性环境中进行的氧化过程来实施。要求在这一步骤之前从需“脱硫”的油品中除去环烷酸有价物,在美国专利5,389,240中描述了实施这种除去的方法。此专利揭示使油品通过至少一种选自碱土金属氧化物的二价金属与氧化钴、氧化铁、氧化镍、氧化锌和氧化铝的固溶液床层。这种材料的一个例子是水滑石。
目前,已研制一种吸收剂介质,和现有技术中描述的材料相比,提供改善了的性能,如吸附金属有价物、磷酸酯衍生物和酸的性能。对加入适合塔内连续操作的多孔成形介质也提供了这些性能,使其对负载和循环操作具有足够的抗碎强度。
发明概述
本发明的吸收介质包含50-96%(重量)氧化铝和50-4%(重量)选自氧化钙和氧化镁的碱土金属氧化物,其中CaO∶MgO重量比为90∶10至50∶50,BET表面积至少为100m2/gm。
本文中术语“吸收剂”包括这样的活性物质,它们使烃流体中的杂质物理截留在介质孔内,吸附到介质孔表面,或与介质物质化学反应产生不能由杂质为其中组分的流体再传送的组分。
在最初加入的化学计量为氧化物的组分重量基础上计算组分比例,氧化物保持到焙烧产生本发明介质之后。一般来说,如下表所示可给出合理准确的转换。
  勃母石    CaCO3     MgCO3 -     Al2O3     CaO     MgO
    90     8.2     1.8     92.2     6.6     1.2
    60     36     4     65.9     31.1     3.0
    96     3.6     0.4     97.1     2.6     0.3
    96     2.0     2.0     97     1.6     1.4
前三个配方由白云石灰岩构成,第四个配方由普通的白云石构成。由上述可知,由前体材料到最终焙烧产品时相对比例没有明显的改变。
根据应用介质可以有各种要求的形状。例如它们可以是短棒或片,空心圆柱、环、鞍形等。特别有用的形状是美国专利5,304,423中所述。或者可以是有多个通孔的整体形式,可组装成床层。然而,这样的整体介质很少选择用于如主要作为本发明介质的应用。
本发明还包括制造所述介质的方法,该方法包括:a)形成由50-97%(重量)水合氧化铝组分如勃母石与50-3%(重量)的碳酸钙和碳酸镁混合物的含水浆料混合物,其中碳酸钙和碳酸镁的相对重量比为10∶1至50∶50,勃母石和碳酸盐混合物重量以浆料的固体重量为基准;
  b)加入酸,使该浆料胶溶;
c)挤出该胶溶的浆料,形成要求的介质形状;
d)干燥除去水,然后在650-850℃焙烧该成形体。
水合氧化铝组分,例如,可选自给定分子式为AlOOH,更确切为Al2O3.H2O的任何市售勃母石产品。
碳酸钙和碳酸镁混合物适宜于以白云石或较好以白云石灰岩的粉末形式供给,白云石灰岩是白云石(其中钙原子和镁原子通常以等量存在)和方解石其中以方解石为主,并含有很小百分数的杂质如二氧化硅和铁的混合物。在焙烧阶段进行煅烧时,该混合物分解为各氧化物。所以,本发明产物理论上可以通过在勃母石浆料中加入氧化物或氢氧化物来制取。然而,这需要更多的酸来胶溶该浆料,因此很少选用。
为有助于将碳酸盐分散在勃母石溶胶中,宜提供约50微米平均粒度或更小的粉末。以Bucyrus Microfine商品名从National Lime and Stone Company获得的(99%通过325目筛)市售白云石灰岩最合适。这种材料含有重量比约为6∶1的碳酸钙和碳酸镁。
加入酸使浆料胶溶,这实质上是含钙/镁组分在勃母石溶胶中的分散作用,可以是任何一般公知的胶溶这样的溶胶。由于焙烧导致酸分解,宜避免使用无机酸如硝酸、盐酸或硫酸,而应使用强有机酸如乙酸、更好是甲酸进行胶溶。胶溶后的溶胶有效成为稳定的胶体,可以通过例如挤出成形,产生在干燥和焙烧期间能保持其形状的成形体。宜加入足够的酸,使pH下降到5或更小。
成形体的干燥宜在能除去水但又不会破坏其形状的条件下进行。这意味着干燥需在适当低的温度,约100℃(而大多数情况下采用高达50℃或更高温度),以及较长的干燥时间(最多为2天,而一般适宜的干燥时间为10-24小时)。
干燥后成形体的焙烧时间应足够长,以使钙和镁由各自的碳酸盐形成氧化钙和氧化镁,分离出任何的键合水,以及将勃母石转变为一些其它中间同质异晶的γ氧化铝形式或无定形形式。然而,较好的焙烧不应在导致形成α形式下进行或烧结,因为这将导致丧失孔隙率,留下低活性形式的氧化铝。所以,焙烧温度最高以500-800℃为宜,焙烧时间为直到没有重量损失发生为止。一般在该焙烧温度加热30分钟至5小时,这足以基本上分解所有碳酸盐,并分离去所有键合水。
焙烧后产品的表面积至少为100m2/gm,如大于200m2/gm,较好为200-250m2/gm。
附图说明
图1是说明本发明在介质存在下蒸馏受污染的原油时磷和铁含量随时间变化的图。
图2是说明在各种介质存在下进行蒸馏之后馏出物和残留物中磷含量的柱状图。
较好实施方案的描述
具体参考下面的非限制性实施例来进一步描述本发明,这些实施例说明本发明的介质有效除去烃流体中污染物的能力。
实施例1
450克LaRoche Chemicals以“VERSAL”商品名销售的勃母石与200克去离子水混合,制得溶胶。该溶胶中分散有50克白云石灰岩(以Bucyrus Microfine商品名从National Lime and stone Company购得),通过加入溶解在200克去离子水中的22.5克甲酸,使该溶胶胶溶。该混合物在盘管挤压机内挤出,产生的盘管再通过模头挤出,得到线料,然后切成1/4英寸长的片或棒料。这些棒料在略高于100℃下干燥10小时。然后它们在窑炉中,于700℃焙烧约1小时。
测得所获介质的BET表面积为219m2/gm,表观孔隙率为78.5%,水吸附率为103.4%,表观比重为3.54gm/cm3,材料密度为0.76gm/cm3。该材料分析表明为92.2%(重量)氧化铝、6.6%(重量)氧化钙、和1.2%(重量)氧化镁。
从基本上相同混合物的不同形式以及在略为不同的焙烧条件下制得更多样品。在样品#3中,以浆料中于固体重量为基准,在该浆料中加入5%(重量)玉米淀粉暂时性粘合剂。介质的工艺过程和性能列于下表。
 样品   #1   #2   #3   #4   #5   #6   #7
 形状   棒   环   环   环   环   环   棒
 直径   -   6.4mm   37mm   38.1mm   38.4mm   3.56mm   3.15mm
 ID   -   -   27.2mm   -   28.2mm   1.52mm
 长度   6.4mm   -   30.5mm   -   36.8mm   3.81mm   3.99mm
 SAcm3/gm   219   238   274   199   228   242   212
 孔隙率%   78.5   77.6   77.7   80.6   79   82.2   81.8
 水吸附率%   103.4   99.5   103.4   113.3   110.6   140.9   128.3
 App.SG   3.54   3.48   3.38   3.62   3.42   3.28   3.52
 mat.密度   0.76   0.78   0.76   0.71   0.72   0.59   0.64
 FPCS棒   13.2kg   3.18kg
 FPCS环   2kg   5.9kg   4.54kg   4.54kg   0.45kg
 干燥温度   100℃   100℃   100℃   100℃   100℃   100℃   100℃
 干燥时间   10小时   10小时   10小时   10小时   10小时   10小时   10小时
 焙烧温度   700℃   700℃   700℃   800℃   700℃   700℃   700℃
 焙烧时间   1小时   1小时   1小时   1小时   1小时   1小时   1小时
上表中:“水吸附率”指水吸附百分数
    “孔隙率”指表观孔隙率
    “App.SG”指表观比重
    “Mat.Dens”指材料密度
    “FPCS”指根据ASTM D-4179测定的平头抗碎强度
这证明可以焙烧上述配方物,从而制得具有高表面积的各种尺寸和形状的介质,如果选择正确的尺寸,可使其具有合理的抗碎强度。
从这些样品中选择#1来评价从烃流体除去磷酸酯污染物。评价过程如下,蒸馏已加入磷酸三癸酯来人为污染的油品,使其磷含量达到0.4毫摩尔(或78ppm)。受污染的油品在含有4%(重量)由研究的配方制成的介质的500毫升烧瓶中进行蒸馏。对污染,检测在三个温度范围沸腾的馏份其受污染程度,三个温度范围为:20-65℃;65-370℃和370℃以上。在上述三个温度范围,测得的磷含量分别为:无;0.3ppm和0.5ppm。几乎没有留下残留物的痕迹。
在不同试验中,使用同样介质来评价在延长期的使用期中从油品中除去铁和磷。结果示于图1,表明即使在使用138小时之后,磷酸酯量降低到很低的合理水平,铁含量基本保持在0。由这一数据计算出2000克介质可以在其需要进行再生之前处理6400m3受污染的油品。
采用同样的方式评价油品#5。用8克介质除去的磷酸酯最初>90%,流动200小时之后仍大于75%,期间处理46.3kg含47ppm磷酸酯的油品。同时,除去的铁污染物(最初其含量在26ppm水平)量最初大于90%,200小时之后上升到95%。然后,通过在蒸汽中加热使介质再生,之后,在介质中没有残留痕量的铁、锌或铅。
最后样品#1和#5以及一个重复的样品#5与完全不含介质下的样品一起进行评价。各例中蒸馏被78ppm磷污染的同样量的油品。结果示于图2,图2清楚表明介质有效地结合了磷,因为在馏出物或烧瓶内的残留物中都未发现大量的磷。
实施例2
在此实施例中,采用基本和实施例1所述相同的方法,制备另一组介质,由此产生的小差异在下面讨论。检测产物,测得它们的物理性能,其物理性能列于下表。
样品     #8     #9     #10
形状     棒     环     环
SAcm3/gm     109     115     112
孔隙率%     66.3     67.6     79.4
水吸附率%     63.5     68.7     103.1
App.SG     3.1     3.04     3.75
mat.密度     1.05     0.99     0.77
FPCS棒     18kg
FPCS环     2.5kg
干燥温度     100℃     100℃     100℃
干燥时间     10小时     10小时     10小时
焙烧温度     700℃     700℃     1000℃
焙烧时间     1小时     1小时     1小时
样品#8中,Versal勃母石与50%(重量)白云石灰岩混合,分散体用2.5%(重量)甲酸胶溶。
样品#9中,使用和样品#8同样百分数的同样固体组分,但甲酸加入量加倍,达到5%(重量)
样品#10中,在Versal勃母石中仅加入10%(重量)白云石灰岩,使用4.5%(重量)甲酸。

Claims (10)

1.一种吸收剂介质,其包含50-96%重量的氧化铝和50-4%重量的选自氧化钙和氧化镁的碱土金属氧化物,氧化钙和氧化镁的重量比为90∶10至50∶50,所述介质的BET表面积至少为100m2/gm。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收剂介质,其特征在于所述介质的表观孔隙率为60-80%。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸收剂介质,其特征在于所述介质包含小于1%的其它金属或金属氧化物杂质。
4.一种制备吸收剂介质的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
a)形成由50-97%重量勃母石与50-3%重量的碳酸钙和碳酸镁混合物的胶溶化含水浆料混合物,其中碳酸钙和碳酸镁的相对重量比为10∶1至50∶50,勃母石和碳酸盐混合物重量以浆料的固体重量为基准;
b)胶溶化的浆料成形,形成所需的介质形状;
c)干燥除去水,然后在650-850℃焙烧该成形体。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于所述干燥在低于150℃的温度下进行。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于持续进行所述焙烧直至不再有重量损失为止。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于控制焙烧时间,使最终产物的表面积至少为200m2/gm。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于使用有机酸使勃母石胶溶。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于胶溶用酸是甲酸。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于组分的加入量为能使制得的最终产物组成中包含50-96%重量的氧化铝和50-4%重量选自氧化钙和氧化镁的碱土金属氧化物,其中氧化钙与氧化镁的重量比在10∶1至50∶50之间。
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