CN1409882A - 受控阻抗电缆接头 - Google Patents
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- H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
- H01R24/44—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising impedance matching means
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Abstract
一种用于端接屏蔽电缆并将电缆连接于规则布置的接触销的电气接头。该接头包括一由绝缘材料形成的接头本体。该接头本体具有一上表面和一相对的下表面,该上、下表面由一前缘、一后缘和两个纵向侧缘界定。该上表面包括多条纵向通道,它们适于容纳多个插座接触件。一平的导电接地板与接头本体的下表面接合,并延伸穿过多个插座接触件中的每一个而穿过整个接头形成一接地平面。一罩盖件封住纵向通道和插座接触件。多个单个的接头可以叠置于一起并由一可拆卸的保持杆保持成一叠。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及一种用于同轴、双轴和/或双绞电缆的接头。本发明特别适用于上述类型的屏蔽电缆的端接,使得从配对面到电缆末端通过接头提供受控制的阻抗。
现在有许多种用于端接屏蔽电缆的接头。这种接头通常是设计用于单种类型的场合,一般不容易改用于例如不同的信号/接地结构,或用于不同类型的连接方法,诸如钎焊或焊接。另外,现有的接头通常难以装配,往往需要多步模塑工序、电气接触件的后模塑等,这就增加了接头制造过程的时间和费用。最后,现有技术的接头往往无法为高性能系统提供足够的性能特性。不充分的性能特性例如包括:无法控制接头内的阻抗,或无法使接头阻抗与使用该接头的系统的阻抗相匹配。显然,需要一种具有更大使用灵活性、生产方便而经济的接头。
发明概要
因此,本发明提供一种电气接头,它很容易装配并构制成用于不同的用途,并可进行调节以对接头的每条信号线提供受控制的阻抗。
简要地说,本发明提供一种用于端接屏蔽电缆并将电缆连接于规则布置的接触销的接头。该接头包括一平的接头本体,该本体由一绝缘材料形成,并具有多条纵向通道,每条通道适于容纳一插座接触件。在接头本体的底面上覆盖有一平的导电接地板,该接地板延伸穿过多个插座接触件中的每一个。该接地板与电缆护套电气接触,从而形成一与每个插座接触件等距离的接地平面。一罩盖件封住这些插座接触件。
可以将多个接头叠置于一起,并用一保持杆保持成叠置状态,该保持杆固定于接头本体上的相配合的接合面。在一叠接头中,罩盖件可以具有一导电部分,该导电部分电气连接于接地板,在那里,罩盖件的导电部分形成为延伸到接头本体的顶侧以上,并与叠置于上方的接头的接地板电气连接。通过这种方式,可确保一叠接头中的每块接地板处于相同的地电位。
附图简述
图1是这里所描述的电缆接头的一个实施例的分解立体图。
图2是图1接头中所使用的插座接触件的放大立体图。
图3a和3b是表示一插座接触件插入接头本体的立体图。
图4是图1装配好的接头的底侧立体图。
图5是该装配好的接头的没有罩盖件状态的立体图。
图6是该装配好的接头的带有罩盖件状态的立体图。
图7a和7b是一叠装配好的接头的立体图。
图8a和8b是与一销集头相接合的多个叠置接头的立体图。
图9是接头的分解立体图,表示罩盖的另一实施例。
图10是图9装配好的接头的底侧立体图。
图11是接头的分解立体图,表示出罩盖的又一实施例。
发明详述
在图1的分解图中所示的本发明的接头18包括一由不导电的绝缘材料形成的接头本体20、多个插座接触件22、一平导电接地板24以及罩盖件26。当多个接头本体叠置于一起时,可以使用保持杆28。接头18在图1中表示为与一对双轴电缆30一起使用。然而,如下面将更详细讨论的,本发明的接头18可以与其它类型的屏蔽电缆一起使用,诸如同轴或双绞电缆。
接头本体20包括一顶侧32和一相对的底侧34。顶侧32和底侧34由一前缘36、一后缘38和两个纵向侧缘40界定。接头本体20的顶侧32包括多个通道42,它们由从前缘36中的开口43朝后缘38延伸的肋条45分隔。这些通道42适于容纳插座接触件22,并将插座接触件22牢固地保持于接头本体20内。
如图2中可清楚看到的,插座接触件22包括弹性接触部分44,该接触部分适于在接头18使用时与插设通过开口43的一相应接触销(未图示)相接合。杆部46从弹性接触部分44延伸到插座端子48。杆部46和端子48的宽度和高度可以进行选择,用以将特性阻抗控制成与接地板24所提供的接地平面成一公知的微带(microstrip)关系,这在下面详细描述。特性阻抗还可以通过改变接头位于接触件22与接地板24之间部分的厚度来控制,或通过改变接头本体20的材料的介电常数来控制。
插座接触件22还包括弹簧件50,它可将插座接触件22正确定位于通道42内,并将接触件22可拆地保持于相应通道42内,而不会损坏壳体,因而无须损坏壳体便可更换单个的插座接触件22。虽然插座接触件22可以具有额外的接触件保持部件52,这些部件的形状制成可与接头本体20摩擦接合并有助于保持插座接触件22的位置,但这种尖刃或锯齿部件可能使接触件更换起来较为困难。具有可拆卸的插座接触件22是较为有利的,可以以相对较低的成本更换损坏的接触件,而不会造成整个接头18无法工作。
如在图3a和3b中可清楚看到的,插座接触件22适于纵向滑入接头本体20中的配合通道42。随着接触件22滑入适当位置,插座端子48与通道壁中的凹陷54相接合。通过这种方式,插座接触件22可牢固地保持抵靠于通道42的底部,从而可消除插座接触件与接头本体20之间的空气间隙,该空气间隙会造成接头上的阻抗差异。不然的话,电缆30的信号导线74的弹力会试图将端子48提离接头本体20,因而这是很重要的。随着插座接触件22进一步朝接头本体20的前缘36移动,弹簧件50卡合入通道42的壁上的定位槽56中。此时,插座接触件22便正确定位和固定于其通道42内。与定位槽56接合的弹簧件50以及与凹陷54接合的端子48可防止插座接触件22移出通道42。以上述方式,可将接触件22设置在每一通道42中。
在将插座接触件22定位于接头本体20内后,接地板24可以连接于接头本体20的底侧34。接地板24由诸如金属之类的导电材料形成。接地板24包括可变形的接地接触件60,这些接触件可选择性地变形以使一或多个插座接触件22接地。一或多个接地接触件60可以变形而使一插座接触件22接地。通过这种方式,接头18可以具有一可编程的接地方案。
接地接触件60通过接头本体20的底侧34上的开口62与插座接触件22形成机械和电气的连接(图3b中看得最清楚)。接地接触件60可以仅靠弹簧力与插座接触件22接触,也可钎焊或焊接于插座接触件22。
接地板24通过锁定突起64固定于接头本体20的底侧34。锁定突起64与接头本体20的底侧34上的槽口66相接合(图4)。在锁定突起64位于槽口66中后,接地板24朝接头本体20的后缘38移动。这一滑动动作使锁定突起64与槽口66中的凸缘(未图示)相接合,并将接地板24紧紧地拉靠于接头本体20的底侧34。锁定突起64的形状制成为在接地板24朝后缘38移动时产生一凸轮作用。该凸轮作用使接地板压靠于接头本体20,从而可消除空气间隙,该空气间隙会造成接头上的阻抗差异。因此,接地板24的材料最后略带弹性。例如,铍-铜合金是一种合适的材料,但本技术领域的技术人员很容易认识到其它的合适材料。为进一步确保接地板24与底侧34之间的紧密配合,接地板24最后形成为在未连接于接头本体20时略呈凹形,因而锁定突起64会将接地板24的边缘朝底侧34拉,从而使接地板24变平而抵靠于底侧34上。当接地板24完全处于适当位置时,底侧34上的一突起70与接地板24中的开口72相接合。通过这种方式,可防止接地板24朝前缘36移动而可能脱离接头本体20。
将接地板24安装到接头本体20上的方向(即接头18接合时的轴向拉出方向)可确保在使一接合的接头18分离时不会使接地板24移位。具体说,当电缆30连接于具体18时,电缆护套73通过钎焊或焊接之类的其它方式连接于接地板24。由于接地板24是沿轴向拉出力(该力在使接头从使用中脱出时而施加于电缆)的方向安装的,因而拉动电缆会趋向于进一步将接地板固定于接头本体20,而不是趋向使接地板24移位或松脱。
如在图4中可看到的,接地板24延伸穿过接头中的每个插座接触件22。这在接头18的性能上提供了若干优点。由于接地板24是电流回路的一部分,因而提供尽可能宽的回路是较为有利的,以便尽量减小接头中所产生的自感。长而窄的回路会造成较大的自感,这对于接头性能是有害的。可以注意到,接地板24的可变形的接地接触件60设置成使变形的接触件60的底部靠近于接头的前缘36。由于接地板24成为接头的电流回路的一部分,并且信号和接地路线的长度上的差异会造成接头自感增大(进而增大阻抗),因而使接地接触件60尽可能地靠近相匹配的被接地元件(例如相匹配的销集头106的接地销)的接合点是较为有利的。在另一个实施例中,接地接触件60的形状可制成与相匹配的销集头的接地销相接触。通过这种方式,信号和接地路线的长度可保持尽可能地相同,从而使接头内的自感达到最小。
最后,通过使接地板24延伸穿过每个接触件22,可穿过整个接头形成一接地平面,这就使得在各信号线处的接头阻抗受精密控制。通过按上述方式固定接地板24,可确保插座接触件22与接地板24所形成的接地平面之间的间隔保持在一恒定而均匀的距离。插座接触件22与接地平面形成所谓的微带几何关系。具有微带几何结构的装置的阻抗确定方法在技术上是公知的,可以认识到,通过将接地平面与插座接触件22之间的间隔保持在一均匀的距离,可精密地控制和调节接头18的阻抗,以实现最佳的接头性能。例如,可以通过改变插座接触件的宽度和厚度、改变构成接头本体20的材料的介电常数或改变接触件22与接地板24之间的材料厚度来调节阻抗。如果插座接触件22与接地平面之间的间隔在接头18的宽度上变化,则每个插座接触件22会有一不同的阻抗,从而使通过接头的信号变差。这种阻抗变化限制了接头的带宽,在许多高性能系统中是无法接受的。
在接地板24连接于接头本体20后,可将电缆30连接于接头18。电缆30的信号导线74连接于适当插座接触件22的端子48,同时电缆护套73连接于接地板24。这可以在图4和5中看到。在图5中可以看到,锁定突起64还用作用来连接电缆护套73的钎焊突起。虽然电缆30的信号导线74通常通过钎焊连接于接触端子48,但也可使用其它的连接方法。例如,在某些情况下,可能需要将信号导线74焊接于插座端子48。因此,接头本体20具有接近开口78(在图3b中可清楚看到)。接近开口78允许插座端子48的两侧可被电极碰到,以使信号导线30可焊接于端子48。当然,这种焊接必须在安装接地板24之前进行,因为接地板24在安装到接头本体20上后会覆盖住接近开口78。或者,还可以在接地板24中设置工艺孔,以便接近端子48。接地板还包括几个位于后缘38的接近开口80。接近开口80例如允许使用钎焊膏来将电缆30的电气护套73连接于接地板24。接地板24还可具有突脊82,它们有助于将信号导线74定位于适当的高度以便连接于端子48。
可以注意到,分开各通道42的肋条45起到电缆管理器的作用,帮助将电缆30引导入通道42并使电缆信号导线74适当定位于端子48上。如在图5中可清楚看到的,肋条45仅朝后缘38延伸一段使信号导线74适当对齐所需要的距离。这可使信号导线74可更容易地延伸到任何一个接触端子48,而无须显著弯折信号导线74。
在将电缆30固定于接触件22和接地板24后,可安装罩盖件26而完成接头18的装配。如在图1中可清楚看到的,将罩盖件26从接头本体20的后缘38朝前缘36滑动,从而可将其固定于接头本体20。当罩盖件26滑到适当位置时,罩盖件26上的导轨84与接头本体20上的槽口86相接合,从而使罩盖件26适当定位和固定。当罩盖件26与接头本体20完全接合时,导轨84上的锁定件88使掣子90牢固地接合于接头本体20内,同时罩盖件26前缘处的凸缘92固定于接头本体20的边缘94下面。以上描述的、表示于图6中的装配好的接头18便可供使用了。
在大多数应用场合,将多个装配好的接头18连接于一起而作为一“叠置”接头来使用。图7a和7b中示出了一组叠置接头的一个例子。在图中可看到,诸接头通过保持杆28彼此固定。保持杆28适于与接头本体20的侧缘40上的一匹配凹陷100相配合。凹陷100包括一突出肋条102,用于与保持杆28上的一匹配凹槽104相配合。凹槽104沿保持杆28彼此隔开,使得当多个接头18叠置于一起并由保持杆28固定时,这些接头18保持彼此牢固地抵靠。保持杆28的材料最好略带弹性,以使保持杆28可在叠置的接头18之间提供压力。然而,保持杆的材料也必须具有足够的刚性,以在所有其它尺寸中保持叠置的接头适当对齐。
保持杆28最好由硬度小于接头本体20材料的聚合材料形成。这样,保持杆28在与接头本体20接合时将屈服于本体20的材料。或者,保持杆28的材料的硬度可以大于本体20的材料,适当接头本体20的材料屈服于保持杆28的材料。
一组叠置的接头可以与一相匹配的销集头106相接合,如图8a和8b所示。本技术领域的技术人员可以认识到,保持杆28和凹陷100的结构可以更改成各种形状,而仍可实现它们预期的功能。例如,除了在接头本体20中设置用于容纳保持杆28的凹陷100,从接头本体20上还可延伸出一突起(未图示),保持杆28可以与该突起相配合。
这里所描述的接头18和叠置方法可以在一组叠置的接头中对一单个接头19实现互换,而无须将整个一叠接头从一动力系统的销集头106上断开。常说的“热更换(hot swapping)”可以简单地通过将保持杆28从叠置的接头中的凹陷100拆下、并将一单个接头18拉离销集头106来实现。然后,在进行任何必要的调节之后可将拆下的接头18重新插入,或可将一新的接头安装于其位置。之后,可重新安装保持杆28而固定该叠接头。这对于现有技术的可叠置接头来说是一个显著的进步,现有技术的接头要求将整个一叠接头18从销集头上拆下,并往往还要求将整叠接头拆开以便更换单个接头。另外,如上所述的接地板的安装方式允许通过曳拉电缆30来拆下单个接头18,而不致使接地板24脱离接头本体20。
为便于使接头18与销集头106的销区域对齐,接头本体20可具有一可选择的导轨108,该导轨用于将装配好的接头18引导入销集头106。导轨108适于与销集头106中的沟槽106相配合。导轨108和沟槽110的位置和形状可以根据接头18具体的用途和应用场合而改变。而且,导轨108可以用作接头分极键,以防止与销集头106不正确的连接。
接头18和销集头106可以有其它的部件。例如,如图8b所示,销集头106可以具有一保持闩112,用于将一叠接头18固定于销集头106内。保持闩112设计成与接头本体20的后缘38处的凸缘114相配合。
虽然以上描述的接头是与两根双轴式电缆一起使用,但其它数量及类型的电缆也可与该接头一起使用,诸如同轴电缆或双绞电缆。接地板24中的相同接头本体20可以与不同类型或数量的电缆一起使用。然而,不同数量或类型的电缆可能要求一略经改动的罩盖件26’。例如,图9和10示出了将三根同轴电缆30’与上述接头本体20、接触件22和接地板24一起使用。提供一略经改动的罩盖件26’,以适应尺寸和形状略有不同的同轴电缆30’。但是,导轨84、卡锁机构88和罩盖件26’的凸缘92与上述罩盖件26的相同。
在某些情况下,可能需要用导电材料来形成罩盖26,或使罩盖26具有导电部分,诸如对罩盖26的一部分进行金属镀覆,然后将罩盖26的导电部分电气连接于接地板24。图11中示出了这种经改动的接头18″和罩盖件26″。罩盖26″具有一弹簧接触件116,它与叠置于罩盖26″上方的一接头的接地板24电气接触。例如可以通过使接地板24的锁定突起64延伸通过接头本体20而与罩盖26″相接触,从而使罩盖26″与接头18″的接地板24电气接触。通过使罩盖26″与接地板24电气连接,接头18″便具有额外的屏蔽,并可以确保一叠接头18″中的每一接头处于相同的地电位。
与现有技术接头相比,以上描述的本发明可提供诸多优点。接地板24中可编程的接地接触件60使信号和接地接触件的布置具有充分的灵活性,对接头本体或罩盖件不需要设计上的变化。较宽的接地板24可提供阻抗较低的电流回路,插座接触件22与接地板24所形成的接地平面之间的均匀间隔允许将接头阻抗控制成与接地板24所提供的接地平面成公知的微带关系。简化的叠置特征将任何数量的接头18叠置而不需要额外的部件,同时使叠置的接头18可很容易地拆开,而且允许对一叠接头中的某一单个接头进行“热更换”。
虽然以上参照某些示出的实施例对本发明进行了描述,但其目的是为了覆盖落在本发明之精神和范围内的所有变化、替换结构和等效内容。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于端接屏蔽电缆并将电缆连接于规则布置的接触销的电气接头,该接头包括:
一平的接头本体,由一绝缘材料形成,该接头本体具有一上表面和一相对的下表面,该上、下表面由一前缘、一后缘和两个纵向侧缘界定,该上表面包括多条纵向通道,每条通道适于容纳多个插座接触件中的一个,这些插座接触件适于与一相应接触销相配合,该接头本体的前缘具有多个用于将接触销引导入所述通道内所设置的插座接触件;
一平的导电接地板,适于与接头本体的下表面接合,该接地板延伸穿过多个插座接触件中的每一个而形成一与每个插座接触件等距离的接地平面;以及
一罩盖件,适于与接头本体的上表面相配合而封住纵向通道和插座接触件。
2.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,接地板包括至少一个设置在接地板上的接地突起,所述至少一个接地突起穿过接头本体的下表面上的一开口而与一个插座接触件相接触。
3.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,接地板在前后方向上与接头本体滑动接合。
4.如权利要求3所述的电气接头,其特征在于,接地板还包括至少一个与接头本体相接合的锁定突起,所述至少一个锁定突起适于将接地板压靠于接头本体的下表面。
5.如权利要求4所述的电气接头,其特征在于,它还包括四个锁定突起。
6.如权利要求4所述的电气接头,其特征在于,所述至少一个锁定突起适于与电缆的护套电气接触。
7.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,插座接触件可拆卸地保持于接头本体内。
8.如权利要求7所述的电气接头,其特征在于,插座接触件各包括一与它们相应通道的壁上的一凹陷相接合,从而将插座接触件保持于它们相应的纵向通道中。
9.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,它还包括一沿至少一个纵向侧缘延伸的导轨。
10.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,它还包括一位于其至少一个纵向侧缘上的接合面,该接合面适于与一保持杆相配合。
11.如权利要求10所述的电气接头,其特征在于,它还包括形成一叠电气接头的多个电气接头,所述多个接头的每一个的接合表面对齐而与保持杆接合。
12.如权利要求1所述的电气接头,其特征在于,该罩盖件还包括一电气连接于接地板的导电部分,罩盖件的导电部分形成为延伸到接头本体的顶侧的上方。
13.一种可叠置的接头组件,包括:
多个平的接头本体,每个接头本体具有两个纵向缘、一前缘和一后缘,所述多个平接头本体的每一个包括一位于其至少一个纵向缘上的接合面,每个接合面设置成当所述多个接头本体彼此叠置时这些接合面彼此对齐;以及
一保持杆,它构制成与每个接合面牢固地接合,从而使所述多个平接头本体固定成叠置状态。
14.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,保持杆由硬度小于接头本体硬度的材料形成。
15.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,保持杆由硬度大于接头本体硬度的材料形成。
16.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,保持杆由聚合材料形成。
17.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,接合面包括一具有一突出肋条的凹陷,保持杆包括一与该突出肋条相配合的凹槽。
18.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,接合面包括一突出肋条,保持杆包括一与该突出肋条相配合的凹槽。
19.如权利要求13所述的接头组件,其特征在于,它还包括一位于各接头本体的下表面上的平接地板和一位于所述多个接头本体的至少一个的上表面上的导电部分,该导电部分电气连接于所述至少一个接头本体的接地板,并突出到所述至少一个接头本体的上表面以上。
20.如权利要求19所述的接头组件,其特征在于,该导电部分突出所述至少一个接头本体的上表面以上,用以与相邻于所述至少一个接头本体的上表面而叠置的一接头的接地板相接触。
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- 2000-02-01 CN CNB008159602A patent/CN1274064C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1988281B (zh) * | 2005-12-19 | 2011-09-07 | 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 | 电连接器组件 |
CN102165651A (zh) * | 2008-08-01 | 2011-08-24 | 3M创新有限公司 | 端接连接器 |
CN102165651B (zh) * | 2008-08-01 | 2013-10-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | 端接连接器 |
CN105284010A (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-01-27 | 富加宜(亚洲)私人有限公司 | 线缆连接器 |
CN105284010B (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2019-06-21 | 安费诺富加宜(亚洲)私人有限公司 | 线缆连接器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1832262A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
JP2004518251A (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
DE60027611D1 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
JP4907729B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
DE60031730D1 (de) | 2006-12-14 |
JP4607425B2 (ja) | 2011-01-05 |
EP1305850B1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
CN1274064C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
KR100618077B1 (ko) | 2006-09-01 |
DE60031730T2 (de) | 2007-09-06 |
CN100407498C (zh) | 2008-07-30 |
DE60014719T2 (de) | 2005-10-13 |
DE60027611T2 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
EP1396911A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
KR20030016201A (ko) | 2003-02-26 |
EP1305850A1 (en) | 2003-05-02 |
JP2010257997A (ja) | 2010-11-11 |
DE60014719D1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
EP1465298A2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
EP1465298A3 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
EP1465298B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
WO2002056426A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
EP1396911B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US6524135B1 (en) | 2003-02-25 |
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