CN1406910A - 易位催化剂 - Google Patents
易位催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1406910A CN1406910A CN02142111A CN02142111A CN1406910A CN 1406910 A CN1406910 A CN 1406910A CN 02142111 A CN02142111 A CN 02142111A CN 02142111 A CN02142111 A CN 02142111A CN 1406910 A CN1406910 A CN 1406910A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910019571 Re2O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003158 γ-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 13
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 carbon diene Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QPJORFLSOJAUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2CC2=CC=CC=C21 QPJORFLSOJAUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZMHZSHHZIKJFIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn] ZMHZSHHZIKJFIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003282 rhenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWWNQEOPUOCKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyltin Chemical group CC[Sn](CC)(CC)CC RWWNQEOPUOCKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000972155 Moschus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- UCIYGNATMHQYCT-OWOJBTEDSA-N cyclodecene Chemical compound C1CCCC\C=C\CCC1 UCIYGNATMHQYCT-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001941 cyclopentenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical compound [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007152 ring opening metathesis polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-YTBWXGASSA-N sodium;dioxido(oxo)azanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][15N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-YTBWXGASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HRLYFPKUYKFYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoxorhenate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Re]([O-])(=O)=O HRLYFPKUYKFYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/02—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/04—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于在易位反应中制备环二烯的基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的载体催化剂、在此种载体催化剂存在下制备环二烯的方法,以及所制备的环二烯用于制备香料的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在易位(metathesis)反应中制备环二烯的基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的载体催化剂、在此种载体催化剂存在下制备环二烯的方法以及所制备的环二烯的应用。
背景技术
环烯,优选具有12~18个碳原子环大小的环二烯,被用于特别是制备含氧大环化合物。此种化合物可用于制备大环酮、内酯和环氧化物这样一些在香料工业中被评价为麝香型的香料。
EP-A 182 333公开了催化剂体系Re2O7/γ-Al2O3/SnR4,其中R是烷基基团,可用于通过液相易位反应将高度稀释的环烯溶液转化为相应环二烯。
通过聚合度大于或等于3的环亚辛烯(cyclooctenylenes)和/或环单烯在基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的载体催化剂存在下的液相易位反应制备环二烯的方法公开在EP-A 343 437中。
油酸甲酯采用催化剂体系Re2O7/γ-Al2O3/SnEt4的易位反应描述在《Applied Catalysis(应用催化)》1991,67,279中。该粉末状催化剂的孔隙度在Re2O7含量为3.1%时是0.48 g/cm3。
不饱和酯在Re2O7/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的易位反应可从《Journal ofMolecular Catalysis(分子催化杂志)》1985,28,141得知。该粉末状催化剂的孔隙度在Re2O7含量为5.0%时是0.36 g/cm3。
基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的易位催化剂描述在《Catalysis Letters(催化剂快报)》1991,8,201中。通过煮解(digestion),180~250μm氧化铝颗粒级分被掺杂以2.2wt%磷。该粉末状载体材料的孔隙度在不含Re成分的条件下是0.38g/cm3。
由于在易位反应中使用的环烯溶液必须高度稀释,故单位时间可获得的环二烯数量从经济、工程和工业角度均不令人满意。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种载体催化剂和方法,采用该催化剂和方法,每单位时间可获得较大量环二烯。在易位方法中实现较高生产率和较高空时收率是一项巨大优势。
附图简述
图1用图的形式表示,采用本发明载体催化剂与采用市售供应的涡旋线(swirl-strand)载体的催化剂Cat.1(下文称催化剂1)相比,其在易位反应中基于环辛烯的转化率随空速变化的情况。
发明详述
令人惊奇的是现已发现,具有高孔隙度的载体催化剂竟可在Re2O7/γ-Al2O3载体催化剂的活性和生产率上取得显著提高。这在较高空速下尤其明显,由此,单位时间可获得的环二烯数量便可显著增加。另外,还令人惊奇地发现,本发明的载体催化剂具有较长操作寿命,正因为如此,在一个载体催化剂周期内可制备较多易位产物和环二烯。另外,该载体催化剂还具有较长总寿命。
因此,本发明提供通过在基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的载体催化剂存在下的液相易位反应由环单烯、环多烯、无环多烯或其混合物制备环二烯的方法,其特征在于,载体催化剂的孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g。
本发明还提供一种易位反应用载体催化剂,其孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g且包含作为载体的γ-Al2O3、1~12wt%Re2O7、0~30wt%锡以及0.2~3wt%铯和/或0.3~3wt%磷,其中γ-Al2O3载体材料,要求的话,可先接受酸处理然后再施加铼。本发明还提供此种载体催化剂在易位反应中的应用。
本发明方法可获得的环二烯可用于制备香料,特别是制备大环香料。
为本发明的目的,易位溶液是原料溶液,即,一种包含选自环单烯、环多烯或无环多烯中至少一种烃的溶剂。
图1用图的形式表示,采用本发明载体催化剂(催化剂2~4,孔隙度大于0.6cm3/g)与采用市售供应的涡旋线载体催化剂,即催化剂1(孔隙度:0.45cm3/g)相比,在易位反应中基于环辛烯的转化率(%,x轴)随空速(ml/gh,y轴)变化的情况。本发明载体催化剂显示出明显较高的活性,正因为如此,可达到较高环二烯空时收率和较高环二烯生产率。载体催化剂较详细地描述在表1和实例1中;实验条件较详细地描述在实例2中。
本发明载体催化剂的孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g,优选0.7~1.3cm3/g。
孔隙度的测定可通过汞孔隙度测定法在0.01mbar~4000bar的压力范围实施。此法可测定38埃~14μm的孔隙。
本发明载体催化剂一般具有100~300m2/g的比表面面积,按BET法(Brunauer,Emmett和Teller法)测定。
该载体催化剂优选制成成形体使用,例如制成中空棒、挤出物、柱塞挤出物、球形、圆柱体、立方体、锥体之类。优选球形、涡旋线(SS)或圆柱体。
优选连续反应程序,更优选载体催化剂在固定床中的垂直布置,在此种情况下,易位溶液自下而上流经固定床比较有利。
载体催化剂的Re2O7含量,以载体催化剂重量为基准,有利地介于1~12wt%,优选2~8wt%,更优选3~6wt%。该载体催化剂采用本领域技术人员已知的方法生产。施加铼的方法通常是,以一种或多种铼化合物的水溶液浸渍载体材料,然后该材料进行热处理,结果生成Re2O7。合适的铼化合物例如是过铼酸盐,例如过铼酸铵;也可采用过铼酸或Re2O7本身。载体催化剂的热处理在200~600℃的温度下进行,其中最高可用温度在600℃左右。
载体催化剂优选包含0.5~40wt%,更优选1~20wt%,最优选1~10wt%四烷基锡或二氧化锡或者这些锡化合物的混合物。
优选的四烷基锡是四甲基锡、四乙基锡、四正丁基锡、四正辛基锡;更优选四甲基锡。最优选在易位反应开始前让载体催化剂与含四烷基锡的溶液进行接触。在这种情况下,也可使用上面提到的四烷基锡的混合物。二氧化锡的施加,例如可在含四烷基锡的载体催化剂的再生中实施,但也可这样实现:以水溶性锡化合物浸渍载体催化剂,然后将其在500~600℃含氧气氛中加热导致该氧化锡的生成。
再有,有利的是,易位反应在四烷基锡存在下进行。四烷基锡通常在易位反应开始之前加入到易位溶液中,然后该混合物从储槽送过载体催化剂床。四烷基锡在易位溶液中的典型加入量介于0.1~8wt%,优选0.1~5wt%,更优选0.1~2.5wt%,以载体催化剂重量为基准。优选的四烷基锡是四甲基锡、四乙基锡、四正丁基锡、四正辛基锡;更优选四甲基锡。
环单烯、环多烯、无环多烯或其混合物在液相中的典型含量介于0.5~10g/l,优选1.0~5.5g/l,最优选2.0~4.0g/l。
该起始原料以在对易位呈惰性的溶剂中的形式使用。合适的溶剂例如是烃类和卤代烃,特别是丁烷、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环戊烷、环己烷、环辛烷、二氯甲烷和三氯乙烷。优选正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、异辛烷、环戊烷和环己烷,更优选正戊烷和正己烷。也可使用烃类混合物,例如石油醚。
有利的环单烯是具有4~12个碳原子环大小的那些。优选的环单烯是环戊烯、环己烯、环庚烯、环辛烯、环壬烯、环癸烯和环十二碳烯。更优选的是环庚烯和环辛烯。
优选的环多烯或无环多烯是可由所提到的环单烯获得的那些。环多烯或无环多烯可作为例如易位二聚(metathetic dimerization)反应中的副产物,通过开环易位或聚合而生成。一般而言,环多烯和无环多烯的聚合度介于3~50,优选3~20。为本发明的目的,聚合度是构成多烯的相同或不同单体单元的数目。
按照本发明,优选的环多烯是上面提到的环单烯的聚合物或共聚物,其中环多烯的聚合度大于或等于3,优选3~50,更优选3~20。优选使用环庚烯、环辛烯的环多烯或其共聚物。
最优选的是,环多烯是下列通式的环多亚辛烯(cyclopolyoctenylene)其聚合度m至少是3,其中m优选介于3~50,更优选3~20。
环单烯、环多烯、无环多烯可以任何组成或混合比存在于易位溶液中。优选含有环单烯的易位溶液。如果使用的易位溶液仅包含环单烯作为烯烃化合物,则优选环庚烯、环辛烯或其混合物。也优选环单烯与环多烯的混合物,更优选包含——环庚烯、环辛烯或其混合物以及环多亚庚烯、环多亚辛烯、环庚烯与环辛烯的共聚物或其混合物——的混合物。
若使用环单烯与环多烯的混合物,优选的混合比介于0.1~2∶1,更优选0.2~1∶1。
更优选环辛烯与环多亚辛烯的混合物,在这种情况下,优选环辛烯与环多亚辛烯的比例介于0.25~0.5∶1。
若在易位反应中使用环单烯或含环单烯的混合物,有利的是将基于环单烯含量的转化率设定在40~99%,优选50~95%,最优选60~85%。
易位溶液还可包含小比例的环二烯,优选为要制备的环二烯,即,产物环二烯。它们可以小比例存在于环单烯、环多烯或无环多烯中,可来源于例如蒸馏。
优选按本发明方法制备的环二烯具有12~18个碳原子。更优选的环二烯是1,8-环十四碳二烯、1,8-环十五碳二烯和1,9-环十六碳二烯。最优选1,9-环十六碳二烯。
有利的是,以一种或多种无机酸处理载体催化剂,这可在施加铼之前或之后进行。优选以盐酸水溶液处理γ-Al2O3载体材料或载铼的载体催化剂。
含0.2~3wt%铯的载体催化剂也是有利的,而以一种或多种铯化合物的处理可在施加铼之前或之后进行。优选以硝酸铯的水溶液进行处理。
含0.3~3wt%磷的载体催化剂也是有利的,而以一种或多种磷化合物的处理可在施加铼之前或之后进行。优选以磷酸铵水溶液,最优选以磷酸氢二铵溶液进行处理。
孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g的更优选的易位反应载体催化剂包含载体材料γ-Al2O3、1~12wt%Re2O7、0~30wt%锡和0.2~3wt%铯和/或0.3~3wt%磷。
上面提到的掺杂剂、活性成分或处理优选通过浸渍施加到载体催化剂上,但载体催化剂的生产采用煮解也是可能的。
易位反应可在0~100℃的温度实施;优选在25~80℃的温度,最优选在35~60℃的温度进行。
当采用沸点低于反应温度的溶剂时,反应可在高于大气压下进行。一般地,易位反应可在1~10bar绝压的压力下进行。
在易位反应中用过之后,载体催化剂可进行再生并重新用于易位反应中。该载体催化剂,例如可如同在EP-B1-991 467中描述的那样,从易位反应器中取出,以对于易位惰性的溶剂洗涤,随后干燥。载体催化剂在再生过程中的热处理是在200~600℃的温度进行的,其中最高可用温度为约600℃。热处理是在含氧气氛,例如空气中进行的,要求的话,空气可与诸如氮气和氩气之类的惰性气体掺混。
实施例
本发明将通过下面的实施例进一步说明,然而并不拟局限于这些,在实施例中,所有份数和百分数均指重量而言,除非另行规定。实例1
由商业途径购得含γ-氧化铝的载体材料(例如,由Condea,或Kataleuna)。其典型孔隙度介于0.6~1.2cm3/g。按照本发明,Re2O7以及其他可能用到化合物在载体材料上的施加,导致孔隙度基本上维持不变。
过铼酸铵溶解在二氧杂环己烷/水混合物(80/20 v/v)中,然后向其中加入成形体形式的γ-氧化铝。混合物在沸点浸渍12h,滗析掉上层清液,然后催化剂在120℃进行干燥。在500~580℃空气流中处理2h后,该催化剂在同一温度、氮气流中保持2h,随后冷却至室温。物理特性载于表1。
表1 含Re2O7的载体催化剂
催化剂1 | 催化剂2 | 催化剂3 | 催化剂4 | ||
形状 | 涡旋线 | 涡旋线 | 涡旋线 | 球形 | |
直径 | mm | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5-2.5 |
密度 | kg/l | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.43 |
孔隙度 | cm3/g | 0.45 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
BET表面面积 | m2/g | 218 | 246 | 120 | 231 |
Re2O7 | wt% | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
γ-Al2O3 | wt% | 96.0 | 95.8 | 96.0 | 95.9 |
催化剂1为市售供应的催化剂,由Kataleuna公司购得。
涡旋线(SS)的长度一般介于10~19mm。
表1所载载体催化剂,即催化剂2、催化剂3和催化剂4系采用实例1中描述的方法生产的。实例2
50g表1所示载体催化剂之一在每种情况下被置于保护气体气氛(氩气)下的垂直管式反应器(高:50m,直径:1.5cm)中。2.5wt%四甲基锡(以载体催化剂重量为基准计)在正己烷中的溶液由泵推动在25℃下自下而上流经载体催化剂的固定床循环3h。随后,含2.4g环辛烯和0.5wt%四甲基锡(以载体催化剂重量为基准计)每升正己烷的溶液,在45℃和大气压压力下自下而上连续流过载体催化剂床层。
易位溶液在单位时间流过载体催化剂床层的量,即空速,借助泵的输出调节。
对于1,9-环十六碳二烯的选择性在整个反应期间均为36~38%。对于1,9-环十六碳二烯和环多亚辛烯的选择性是99%。
所达到的转化率,作为空速的函数示于图1。图1以图形形式显示,采用本发明载体催化剂(催化剂2~4)与载体催化剂1(孔隙度:0.45cm3/g)相比,在易位反应中,基于环辛烯的转化率(%,x轴)随空速(ml/gh,y轴)的变化。本发明载体催化剂表现出明显较高的活性。实例3
2.5mm小球(可由Condea购得,孔隙度:0.81cm3/g)形式的γ-氧化铝(242g)以氧化铼(9g在120g水中)溶液进行浸渍,随后干燥。在500~580℃空气流中处理2h后,催化剂在同一温度的氮气流中再保持2h,随后冷却。以1.8g硝酸铯的125mL水溶液浸渍之后,催化剂在120℃干燥2h,继而在500℃空气流中处理2h,然后在氮气流中冷却。如此,便获得如下催化剂:孔隙度,0.79cm3/g;含3.7wt% Re2O7和0.5wt%铯。实例4
涡旋线形式的γ-氧化铝(250g)(由kataleuna生产)以磷酸氢二铵(25g在1L蒸馏水中)溶液在80℃浸渍6h,过滤,以1L蒸馏水洗涤,干燥并在580℃煅烧18h。该材料随后以过铼酸铵(17g在130mL蒸馏水中)水溶液浸渍并干燥。在500~580℃空气流中处理2h后,催化剂在同一温度氮气流中再保持2h,随后冷却至室温。如此,便生成如下载体催化剂:孔隙度,0.74cm3/g;含3.6wt%Re2O7和1.1wt%磷。实例5
涡旋线形式的γ-氧化铝(240g)(由Condea获得,孔隙度:0.66cm3/g)以过铼酸铵(16.5g在240mL蒸馏水中)水溶液浸渍并干燥。以120mL2.25g盐酸水溶液进一步浸渍之后,催化剂进行干燥,在500~580℃空气流中处理2h,在同一温度的氮气流中再处理2h。冷却至室温后,获得如下载体催化剂:孔隙度,0.65cm3/g;含3.6wt%Re2O7。
本发明在上文中虽已为说明的目的做了详细描述,但要知道,这些细节完全为此目的而给出,在不偏离唯一由权利要求书限定的本发明精神和范围的前提下,本领域技术人员还可做出各种修改。
Claims (6)
1.一种通过易位反应制备环二烯的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)采用基于Re2O7/γ-Al2O3的载体催化剂,其中载体催化剂的孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g;
以及
(2)将环单烯、环多烯、无环多烯或其混合物以液相送过所述载体催化剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中载体催化剂的孔隙度介于0.7~1.3cm3/g。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中载体催化剂以成形体的形式使用。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中载体催化剂的Re2O7含量介于1~12wt%。
5.权利要求1制备环二烯的方法,用于制备香料。
6.一种孔隙度大于或等于0.6cm3/g的易位反应用载体催化剂,它包含:
a)γ-Al2O3,作为载体材料;
b)1~12 wt%Re2O7;
c)0~30 wt%锡;
以及还有至少一种下列成分,
d)0.2~3 wt%铯;
e)0.3~3 wt%磷。
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US4880763A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-11-14 | Den Norske Stats Olijeselskap A.S. | Catalyst for production of hydrocarbons |
US4885410A (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-12-05 | Gaf Corporation | Hydrogenation catalyst |
US4824869A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-04-25 | Texaco Inc. | Base-modified metal oxide catalysts for the conversion of synthesis gas to alcohols |
FR2709125B1 (fr) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-10-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procédé de métathèse des oléfines mettant en Óoeuvre un catalyseur au rhénium amélioré. |
DE19727256A1 (de) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-07 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Trägerkatalysator zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Cycloalkadienen in einer Metathesereaktion |
FR2824281B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-07 | 2003-07-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede pour ameliore de regeneration d'un catalyseur de metathese |
US6872792B2 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2005-03-29 | Lord Corporation | Metathesis polymerization adhesives and coatings |
FR2826880B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-04 | 2004-06-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Composition amelioree de catalyseur pour la metathese des olefines |
DE10142032A1 (de) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-20 | Haarmann & Reimer Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cycloalkadienen |
-
2001
- 2001-08-28 DE DE10142033A patent/DE10142033A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-16 JP JP2002237314A patent/JP2003137822A/ja active Pending
- 2002-08-19 ES ES02018154T patent/ES2272621T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-19 AT AT02018154T patent/ATE341528T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-19 EP EP02018154A patent/EP1288181B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-19 DE DE50208319T patent/DE50208319D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-23 US US10/227,137 patent/US6903241B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-23 CA CA002399564A patent/CA2399564A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-27 MX MXPA02008353A patent/MXPA02008353A/es unknown
- 2002-08-27 HU HU0202902A patent/HUP0202902A2/hu unknown
- 2002-08-27 PL PL02355729A patent/PL355729A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-28 CN CN02142111A patent/CN1406910A/zh active Pending
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2005
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2272621T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
ATE341528T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
DE50208319D1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
HU0202902D0 (zh) | 2002-10-28 |
EP1288181A2 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
DE10142033A1 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
US6903241B2 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
PL355729A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
CA2399564A1 (en) | 2003-02-28 |
EP1288181A3 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
EP1288181B1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
HUP0202902A2 (hu) | 2004-01-28 |
US20030065234A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
US7163908B2 (en) | 2007-01-16 |
JP2003137822A (ja) | 2003-05-14 |
US20050202961A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
MXPA02008353A (es) | 2003-03-05 |
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