CN1402644A - 具有缓慢吸收率的超吸收剂聚合物 - Google Patents
具有缓慢吸收率的超吸收剂聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1402644A CN1402644A CN00816469A CN00816469A CN1402644A CN 1402644 A CN1402644 A CN 1402644A CN 00816469 A CN00816469 A CN 00816469A CN 00816469 A CN00816469 A CN 00816469A CN 1402644 A CN1402644 A CN 1402644A
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LQPLDXQVILYOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O LQPLDXQVILYOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010352 sodium erythorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004320 sodium erythorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N sodium;(2r)-2-[(2r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;n-[5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]sulfonylacetamide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有吸收缓慢的超吸收剂的聚合物和其制备方法。超吸收剂聚合物聚合物具有缓慢的吸收速度,其与共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物交联,具有在聚合物中基本上均匀分布的配位化合物的金属,并且,其吸收速度指数至少为5分钟。本发明还公开了具有缓慢水吸收速度的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物颗粒的制备方法,是在共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物存在下,在使得形成具有可逆阳离子交联并从而使金属基本均匀地分布于聚合物颗粒中的条件下使单体进行聚合。
Description
本发明涉及超吸收剂聚合物组合物和该组合物的制备方法。
超吸收剂聚合物是公知的材料,其常规用于个人护理用品如尿布。这些聚合物可以吸收几倍于其自身重量的水、盐水溶液、尿、血液和浆液状体液。
日益变薄的尿布的开发要求尿布具有高密度吸附剂芯材,这种芯材在超吸收剂聚合物/纤维素软毛混合物中具有更大的超吸收剂聚合物成分。因此,人们日益增加了对液体在吸收剂芯材中均匀分布的要求,从而充分利用高溶胀性聚合物贮存容量。但是,液体的分布会受到纤维素软毛在吸收剂芯材中数量减少而造成的负面影响。因此,希望能够根据液体管理来满足对高溶胀性液体贮存聚合物的附加要求。液体贮存聚合物必须允许或支持液体在超吸收剂聚合物/软毛混合物中的分布,即使超吸收剂聚合物/软毛混合物中高溶胀性聚合物具有更高的组成。
在具有高超吸收剂聚合物/软毛比例的尿布中,低软毛含量会导致液体分布较差,因为软毛分布能力不足以进行高吸收率和常规超吸收剂聚合物吸收能力的分配。因此,进入个人护理制品中的体液的大部分是在靠近流体进入处被吸收的。
常规超吸收剂的溶胀以这样一种方式发生,使得在含水流体加入后立即观察到非常高的吸收率。仅仅在几分钟后,在自由溶胀的条件下,基于交联的部分中和的聚丙烯酸酯的高溶胀性聚合物就达到其吸收能力的95%。这种行为是交联聚丙烯酸酯超吸收剂聚合物的典型性质。
围绕体液进入吸收剂芯材处聚合物颗粒的迅速膨胀会造成在SAP-软毛基质中空隙空间和孔的封闭。由于扩散通过溶胀水凝胶进行的液体传送要比通过空隙空间的速度慢,密封作用发生在流体进入的区域。这种作用通常被称之为“凝胶阻塞”。其余的液体不能再穿透吸收剂芯材而不受控制地穿过已经表面饱和的区域流向边缘,从而导致吸收剂芯材不希望发生的泄漏。
此外,由于靠近表面的颗粒发生凝胶阻塞,吸收剂芯材的贮存能力下降,其余的体流不再能够到达深含于吸收剂芯材之中的高溶胀性聚合物中,因此,不可能对整体贮存能力作出贡献。
凝胶阻塞问题的处理办法是改变超吸收剂聚合物的吸收速度性质。例如,美国专利4,548,847描述了一种通过至少一个二价金属阳离子如Ca+2或Ba+2进行可逆交联的水凝胶。该专利教导我们,通过采用所谓的“阳离子脱除剂”可实现溶胀延迟。这些试剂的实例为水溶性化合物,如Na2HPO4、六偏磷酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸的二钠盐。这些物质的作用是,通过阳离子脱除剂破坏了由至少二价金属阳离子形成可逆交联位点。通过减少交联浓度,产品可更为溶胀。该专利也描述了包含具有延迟溶胀特性的吸收剂聚合物的吸收制品。例如,描述了在各层中(缠绕)聚集的吸收制品,其中,每一层包含本发明的聚合物。
GB 2,280,115 A描述了一种吸收制品,在体液释放的区域中,其包含涂敷的超吸收剂颗粒。超吸收剂颗粒的涂层防止溶胀,直至涂层溶解于试验流体或体液中或通过其渗透。这些超吸收剂颗粒显示出直至开始溶胀的活化时间,该时间会随涂层材料与厚度的不同而变化。所采用的某些涂层材料为非活性的多糖,如明胶、微晶纤维素和纤维素衍生物。开始溶胀的活化时间应至少为5分钟,优选15分钟,更优选60分钟。
涂敷过的超吸收剂聚合物的缺点是,即使开始有少量的润湿,并不必需导致高溶胀性聚合物的溶胀,但会导致通过溶解、脱离、溶胀或分解的表面处理的破坏。一旦围绕聚合物的涂层溶解,则超吸收剂聚合物就会表现为未进行表面处理的常规材料的高溶胀速率。
因此,丧失了吸收剂材料所期望的改善液体控制的作用。
EP 0 631 768 A1描述了一种吸收制品,该制品采用具有不同吸收速度的超吸收剂聚合物。在所采用的各种超吸收剂聚合物间吸收速度的差异是由于粒径分布不同(类型1:600-850μm,类型2:<250μmm),并且所述差异相对较小。
多层吸收制品中的凝胶阻塞问题需要特别注意。对该问题的一种手段就是在制品中不掺入慢速聚合物。已提出了生产这些制品的几种方法。但是,这些方法中还没有一种能够生产出整体上令人满意的慢速聚合物。
期望获得一种制备具有缓慢吸收速度的超吸收剂的聚合物的方法,这种方法无需使用阳离子脱除脱除剂或用于聚合物的涂层。这样一种方法很明显的一个优点是,由于取消使用外来材料,从而与之相关的成本可以降低。
本发明包括一种制备具有缓慢吸收速度的超吸收剂的聚合物的改进方法,以及由该方法制备的聚合物。更具体地说,本发明的方法是一种具有缓慢水吸收速度的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物颗粒的制备方法,该方法包括在共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物存在下,在使得形成具有可逆阳离子交联并从而使金属基本均匀地分布于聚合物颗粒中的条件下使单体进行聚合。本发明的聚合物是一种具有缓慢吸收速度的水溶胀性的、水不溶性的聚合物,聚合物与共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物的金属交联,具有在聚合物中基本上均匀分布的配位化合物的金属,并且,其吸收速度指数至少为5分钟。在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括包含慢速超吸收剂聚合物。
用于制备本发明水溶胀性水不可溶性聚合物的优选方法包括在共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物存在下使适宜的单体进行聚合。
术语“吸收速度指数”(ARI)是指按照如下所述的ARI实验方法测得的吸收速度指数。
多价金属配位化合物可为任一种包含多价金属的配位化合物,其至少在反应条件下部分溶解于反应混合物中,其可用于制备吸收速度指数至少为5分钟的超吸收剂聚合物。多价金属配位化合物优选是水溶性的。多价金属配位化合物可直接以化合物如柠檬酸铝加入,或者可通过加入前体组分就地形成,如对于柠檬酸铝的情形来说,加入铝盐如硫酸铝,并加入所需配位体源,如在柠檬酸铝的情形下,加入柠檬酸。优选地,金属阳离子的价态至少应为+3,最优选A1。在多价金属配位化合物中优选的配位体的实例包括:柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、乳酸盐、甘氨酸盐、乙二胺四乙酸和乙酸盐,最优选柠檬酸盐。柠檬酸铝是最优选的多价金属配位化合物,其易于商购。可以采用多价金属配位化合物或其前体的混合物。在优选的实施方案中,配位化合物基本上不含二价金属离子。
本发明中,多价金属配位化合物的适宜用量应足以产生吸收速度指数至少为5分钟的聚合物。优选地,根据基体聚合物,每摩尔的羧基部分采用至少0.003摩尔的多价金属配位化合物的金属离子。更优选地,该值至少为0.016摩尔,最优选该值至少为0.03摩尔。优选地,上述值不超过0.1摩尔,更优选不超过0.086摩尔,最优选该值不超过0.07摩尔。优选地,该值为0.003-0.1摩尔,更优选0.016-0.086摩尔,最优选0.03-0.07摩尔。
本发明的优选方法包括在共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物存在下对适宜的单体进行聚合。
适用于本发明中的水溶胀性或轻微交联的亲水性聚合物可为任一种公知的能够吸收大量流体的亲水聚合物。具体说来,用于本发明的水吸收剂聚合物为包含羧基部分的水吸收剂聚合物。优选地,每100g的水吸收剂树脂中存在至少0.01当量的羧基基团。
其中,优选的含羧基的水吸收剂聚合物为淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物的水解产物、淀粉-丙烯酸或聚乙烯醇接枝共聚物的部分中和产物、乙酸乙烯酯丙烯酸酯共聚物的皂化产物、异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物的衍生物、丙烯腈共聚物的水解产物的交联产物、交联羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酰胺共聚物的聚门冬氨酸酯水解产物、丙烯酰胺共聚物水解产物的交联产物、聚丙烯酸的部分中和产物和部分中和的聚丙烯酸的交联产物。
某些适宜的水溶胀性水不溶性聚合物和其制备方法包括凝胶聚合法的实例公开于下述文献中:美国专利3,997,484;3,926,891;3,935,099;4,090,013;4,093,776;4,340,706;4,446,261;4,683,274;4,459,396;4,708,997;4,076,663;4,190,562;4,286,082;4,857,610;4,985,518和5,145,906。此外,参见Buchholz,F.L.和Graham,A.T.,“现代超吸收剂聚合物技术”(Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology),”John Wiley & Sons(1998)。这种亲水聚合物是由水溶性的α,β-烯属不饱和单体如一元羧酸、多元羧酸、丙烯酰胺和其衍生物制备的。
适宜的α,β-烯属不饱和单体例如包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸和其碱金属盐和铵盐;衣康酸、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸和其盐。优选的单体包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸和其盐和其代表性盐形式,如碱金属盐或铵盐。用于本发明中的水溶性单体其用量范围为10-80wt%,以含水单体溶液总重量计。优选地,所述范围为15-60wt%。
任选地,在水吸收剂聚合物中可存在少量的其它水溶性的不饱和单体,如酸性单体的烷基酯,例如,丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯。此外,为制备具有优异性能的产品,可采用某些接枝聚合物,如聚乙烯醇、淀粉和水溶性或溶胀性纤维素醚。当采用这种接枝聚合物时,其用量应至多为10wt%,以α,β-烯属不饱和单体重量计。
聚合反应可采用未被中和的酸性单体进行,或者在聚合之前被中和或部分中和。中和过程便利地通过使含水单体与一定量的碱性物质接触来实现,所述用量应足以中和存在于酸性单体中的20-95%的酸性基团。优选地,碱性物质的量应足以中和40-85%,最优选55-75%酸性单体中的酸性基团。
用于中和单体的酸性基团的化合物通常为那些将有效地中和酸性基团且不会对聚合过程有不利影响的化合物。这些化合物的实例包括碱金属氢氧化物和碱金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐。优选用氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或碳酸钠或碳酸钾来中和单体。在测定所需的中和度时,必须小心,以确保将与被吸收的含水流体接触并分散于其中的交联吸收剂聚合物的pH值保持在聚合物适宜采用的范围内。或者,可采用未中和的单体进行聚合,此后再采用现有技术中公知的方式进行中和。
为方便起见,常规的乙烯基加成聚合引发剂用于水溶性单体和交联剂的聚合中。优选采用自由基聚合引发剂,其在单体溶液中有足够的溶解度以引发聚合反应。例如,可采用水溶性的过硫酸盐,如过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠和其它碱金属过硫酸盐,过氧化氢和水溶性偶氮化合物,如2,2′-偶氮二-(2-脒基丙烷)盐酸盐。这些引发剂中的一些如过氧化氢可与还原性物质如亚硫酸盐或胺结合,形成公知的氧化还原型引发剂。引发剂的总用量范围为0.01-1.0wt%,优选0.01-0.5wt%,以α,β-烯属不饱和单体反应物重量计。
水吸收剂树脂优选轻微共价交联以赋予其水不溶性和水溶胀性。所需的交联结构可通过使选定的水溶性单体与交联剂共聚获得,是在分子单元中至少两个可聚合的双键间进行的。交联剂的用量应有效地使水溶性聚合物进行共价交联。交联剂的优选用量取决于所需的吸收能力和所需保留吸收流体的浓度,也就是说,所需的负载吸收性(AUL)。通常,交联剂的用量范围为0.0005-5重量份数,以100重量份α,β-烯属不饱和单体计。更优选地,所述范围为0.1-1重量份。通常,如果用量超过5重量份,则形成的聚合物的交联度太高,吸收能力下降,保留被吸收流体的浓度要增加。如果交联剂的用量低于0.0005重量份,则聚合物通常具有太低的交联密度,当与被吸收的流体接触时,会变得粘稠并显示出低的初始吸收速度。
而共价交联剂通常将溶解于α,β-烯属不饱和单体中,交联剂可仅分散于该溶液中而无负面意义。使用这种分散剂公开于美国专利4,833,222,该文献的教导引入本文作为参考。适宜的分散剂包括羧甲基纤维素悬浮助剂、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和聚乙烯醇。这种分散剂的浓度通常为0.005-0.1wt%,以α,β-烯属不饱和单体反应物的总重量计。
典型的共价交联剂包括在一个分子中具有2-4个选自如下基团的单体:CH2=CHCO-、CH2=C(CH3)CO-和CH2=CH-CH2-。共价交联剂的例子包括:乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊二醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯;三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯和三甲基丙烯酸酯;季戊四醇的四丙烯酸酯和四甲基丙烯酸酯;甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和四烯丙基氧基乙烷。可以采用共价交联剂的混合物。
在制备实施本发明的聚合物的优选实施方案中,制备部分中和形式的α,β-烯属不饱和单体、共价交联剂、多价金属配位化合物、引发剂以及必要时引入的接枝聚合物基体的水溶液。通过升高包含引发剂的混合物的温度,或者通过采用如前所述的氧化还原型引发剂可引发混合物的聚合反应。通常,聚合反应开始的温度范围为5-45℃。聚合反应温度主要取决于所采用单体的类型和所采用的特定引发剂体系。优选地,聚合反应的最大温度为50-100℃,最优选60-100℃。
形成的聚合物通常采用现有技术中公知的装置预调整大小并干燥。适宜的干燥装置包括流化床干燥器、旋转干燥器、迫风炉和循环带式干燥器。在某些情形下,干燥过程分成两步或多步进行,即多段干燥。在完全干燥后,进一步调整聚合物的大小以形成具有平均粒径小于2mm,更优选小于1mm的颗粒。优选的,最终的聚合物产品的平均粒径至少为160μm。
为进一步降低吸收速度,干燥后的颗粒可按照下述文献所述过程进行热处理,WO 93/05080和/或美国专利5,629,377。这种热处理优选在至少170℃下进行,更优选至少180℃,最优选至少190℃。这种热处理过程优选在低于250℃下进行,更优选低于240℃。热处理的方法并非关键。例如,迫风炉、流化床加热器、受热螺旋转送带均可成功使用。如果需要的话,加热后的聚合物可再次润湿以易于进行处理。
一种改善聚合物颗粒吸收性质的方式是使聚合物颗粒进行表面交联。表面交联的方法是现有技术中公知的,例如在下述文献中有述:美国专利4,734,478和美国专利4,666,983。这些方法可增加聚合物颗粒在负载下的模量和/或吸收性。
本发明的组合物可任选地包含其它添加剂,例如防结块剂。防结块剂是公知的。二氧化硅是优选的防结块剂的实例。
本发明的组合物显示出缓慢的吸收速度。优选地,组合物的吸收速度指数至少为5分钟,优选至少为10分钟,更优选至少为20分钟,最优选至少为30分钟。
本发明的超吸收剂聚合物用于生产含水的吸收制品,如一次性尿布、卫生巾、失禁服装和绷带。本发明的超吸收剂组合物特别适用于生产薄型和超薄型一次性尿布,其具有优异的吸水容量、流体分布性质并减少了泄漏。例如,本发明的超吸收剂聚合物可用于生产在下述文献中所述的吸收制品:美国专利3,669,103;3,670,731;4,654,039;4,430,086;4,973,325;4,892,598;4,798,603;4,500,315;4,596,567;4,676,784;4,938,756;4,537,590;4,673,402;5,061,259;5,147,343和5,149,335。尿布的其它吸收制品的构造是公知的,用作在吸收制品中绒毛的材料也是公知的。本发明中,术语“绒毛”是指现有技术中普通技术人员理解的常规含义。绒毛的实例包括棉纤维、弯曲纤维、木材纸浆纤维、合成纤维或其组合,它们形成了衬垫并主要通过毛细管吸引机理吸收。例如,参见美国专利4,610,678。
在用本发明的组合物制备吸收制品时,超吸收剂组合物可与纤维多孔基质混合、粘附于其上、层压于其中或分散于其中。这种基质是用亲水性纤维制备的,如木浆或绒毛、棉毛,以及合成纤维或纤维与木头绒毛的混合物。纤维可松动或以无纺形式连接。合成纤维的实例包括采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯和聚醚与聚酰胺的共聚物制成的合成纤维。合成纤维可为熔喷纤维或经处理具有亲水性的纤维。
本发明的超吸收剂聚合物可更为有利地用于吸收剂结构中,其将具有缓慢吸收速度的超吸收剂聚合物单独或串联地掺入具有不同吸收速度的超吸收剂聚合物进入多划分或多层的结构中。这些结构的实例如下述文献所述:美国专利4,338,371;4,935,022;5,364,382;5,429,629;5,486,166;5,520,673;5,531,728;5,562,646和5,728,082。
本发明的超吸收剂聚合物也可有利地用于那些与含水流体接触是过程固有的生产方法中。在这些过程中,缓慢吸收速度有助于防止过量超吸收剂溶胀,这种溶胀导致大量水脱除,在干燥时大量的体积发生变化。这些方法的实例是湿复合法,以及制备泡沫吸收剂结构的方法。湿复合法的实例在以下文献中有述:美国专利4,354,901;4,986,882;5,300,192;5,308,896;5,538,783;5,543,215;5,795,439和5,651,862。泡沫吸收剂结构的实例如下述文献所述:美国专利4,990,541和5,011,864。
吸收制品,如一次性尿布,通常是用不渗透液体的背材、可渗透液体的面对身体一侧的面材和夹在背材与面材间的吸收液体的复合材料。不渗透液体的背材可由商购的聚烯烃膜制造,可渗透液体的面材可用商购的无纺材料制造,如可润湿并能透过尿液的纺粘或捆扎的纤维网。
本发明的吸收制品可包含5-95wt%的本发明的超吸收剂聚合物。在典型的吸收制品中,本发明的超吸收剂聚合物可分散于纤维基质中。这样,在该制品中,超吸收剂用量优选为30-70wt%,以制品的重量计,纤维基质的用量为70-30wt%。在另一种形式的吸收制品中,超吸收剂存在于容纳结构中,其中,超吸收剂聚合物的用量为30-95wt%。分散的超吸收剂聚合物与包含的超吸收剂聚合物的组合是公知的。
下述实施例和比较例用于说明本发明,但它们并非对本发明保护范围的限制。所有份数和百分数均指重量,除非另有说明。
吸收能力(AC)按照下述文献所述方法测量:Buchholz,F.L.和Graham,A.T.,“现代超吸收剂聚合物技术(Modern SuperabsorbentPolymer Technology)”,John Wiley & Sons(1998),153页。
在超吸收剂聚合物中,本发明金属盐的金属的均匀分布按照电子微探针分析法进行测量,如下述文献所述:Buchholz,F.L.和Graham,A.T.,同前述文献,57-58页。ARI实验法:测量吸收速度指数的方法
在100mL带刻度的量筒中加入100mL的0.9wt%盐水溶液。采用规格为ASTME-11的筛子将超吸收剂聚合物样品筛分至-30/+50目。将1.00g筛分后的聚合物倾倒入带刻度的量筒中。当样品一到达刻度量筒的底部时打开精确到秒的记时器。测量在以下时刻凝胶层的体积:0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、8、10、15、30、60、90、180、330和480分钟。将数据绘图,通过内推法测量在8小时时达到其值60%凝胶体积时所需的时间。该时间记录为t60时间,在本发明中用作“吸收速度指数”。实施例1:制备柠檬酸铝配合物:
向包含45.6g去离子水的200mL烧杯中溶解10.20g柠檬酸(Aldrich Chemical)。向其中加入35.4g的硫酸铝14水合物(GeneralChemical)。将混合物搅拌5分钟。制备单体溶液:
在1L的烧杯中制备169.14g的碳酸钠的去离子水溶液。在2L的烧杯中加入353.49g的冰醋酸。向其中加入1.77g高度乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸盐(HeTMPTA)(SARTOMER#9035,Sartomer)。然后,加入276.8g的去离子水,再加入0.44g的VERSENEX 80(TheDow Chemical Company)。再由加料漏斗缓慢地加入碳酸盐溶液。再加入硫酸铝溶液和柠檬酸。聚合:
将单体混合物放置在2L配有旋转为30RPM的搅拌器的带有夹套的树脂釜中。将夹套的温度设置为30℃,使氮气以750sccm的速度通过溶液以脱除单体混合物中的氧气。在脱氧1小时后,加入0.12g 30wt%的过氧化氢,再加入5.66g 10wt%的过硫酸钠。聚合反应立即开始。将温度于8分钟内升至78℃,然后将釜冷却以保持其温度低于86℃。当放热平息后,夹套温度设置在65℃,并保持3小时。干燥和调节大小:
反应产物为粒状。除去大于约2.5cm的部分,将300g的剩余物在165℃下干燥30分钟。将干燥后的产物于轧辊磨下粉碎,然后采用ASTME-11规格的筛子筛分至-20/+120目。
样品的两小时AC为26.0g/g。样品的溶胀率采用ARI实验方法表征,吸收速度指数经测定为12分钟。比较例A
重复实施例1的步骤,只是不采用柠檬酸铝配合物。聚合引发需要在加入过硫酸盐后加入0.53g异抗坏血酸钠。该样品的两小时AC为31.3g/g,吸收速度指数为2.5分钟。实施例2-16
重复实施例1的步骤,变量如表I所示,只是硫酸铝为50wt%的溶液,溶液不含铁,商购自General Alum and Chemical Corporation。样品也进行热处理,在各种温度下再热处理半小时。表I的8小时容量定义为0.6*(8小时时的凝胶体积)-1.7,其中,凝胶体积采用前面定义的ARI实验方法测量。
表I:实施例2-16的结果
实施例号 | HeTMPTA(g) | 50%硫酸铝(g) | 柠檬酸(g) | 热处理温度(℃) | 8小时容量(g/g) | 吸收速度指数(分钟) |
2 | 1.06 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 185 | 28.6 | 27.7 |
3 | 1.06 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 185 | 28.3 | 25.8 |
4 | 1.77 | 70.80 | 15.30 | 185 | 26.8 | 17.5 |
5 | 1.06 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 185 | 28.6 | 28.7 |
6 | 1.06 | 70.80 | 15.30 | 175 | 33.3 | 22.4 |
7 | 1.77 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 175 | 26.5 | 23.1 |
8 | 1.06 | 106.20 | 22.95 | 195 | 26.0 | 45.7 |
9 | 0.35 | 70.80 | 15.30 | 185 | 41.5 | 30.7 |
10 | 1.06 | 106.20 | 22.95 | 175 | 26.5 | 39.3 |
11 | 1.06 | 70.80 | 15.30 | 195 | 31.8 | 24.0 |
12 | 1.77 | 106.20 | 22.95 | 185 | 22.1 | 26.0 |
13 | 0.35 | 106.20 | 22.95 | 185 | 31.8 | 49.8 |
14 | 0.35 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 195 | 39.5 | 48.3 |
15 | 1.77 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 195 | 24.8 | 24.3 |
16 | 0.35 | 88.50 | 19.13 | 175 | 37.7 | 44.3 |
Claims (24)
1.一种具有缓慢水吸收速度的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物颗粒的制备方法,该方法包括在共价交联剂和多价金属配位化合物存在下,在使得形成具有共价交联和可逆阳离子交联并从而使金属基本均匀地分布于聚合物颗粒中的条件下使单体进行聚合,颗粒的吸收速度指数至少为5分钟。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,吸收速度指数至少为10分钟。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,吸收速度指数至少为20分钟。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,吸收速度指数至少为30分钟。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,聚合物主要选自:淀粉-丙烯腈接技共聚物的水解产物、淀粉-丙烯酸或淀粉-聚乙烯醇接技共聚物的部分中和产物、乙酸乙烯酯丙烯酸酯共聚物的皂化产物、异丁烯和马来酸酐共聚物的衍生物、丙烯腈羧甲基纤维素的水解产物、丙烯酰胺共聚物的水解产物和聚丙烯酸的部分中和产物。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,聚合物为部分中和的聚丙烯酸。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,多价金属配位化合物配位化合物的金属阳离子的价态至少为+3。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,多价金属配位化合物配位化合物的金属阳离子为铝。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,多价金属配位化合物的配位体为柠檬酸盐。
10.由权利要求1的方法制备的聚合物。
11.包含权利要求1的组合物的吸收制品。
12.根据权利要求11的制品,其是一种尿布或尿布的一部分,其中,超吸收剂聚合物组合物与绒毛的重量比至少为0.3。
13.一种具有缓慢水吸收速度的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物颗粒的制备方法,该方法包括在共价交联剂和其中金属为铝的多价金属配位化合物存在下,在使得形成具有可逆阳离子交联并从而使金属基本均匀地分布于聚合物颗粒中的条件下,使选自羧酸羧酸或其酯、乙烯基胺、酰胺、其盐或其混合物的烯属不饱和单体进行聚合。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其中,配位化合物的配位体为柠檬酸盐。
15.根据权利要求13的方法,其中,单体为部分中和的羧酸。
16.根据权利要求13的方法,其中,配位化合物为柠檬酸铝。
17.由权利要求13的方法制备的聚合物。
18.一种具有缓慢水吸收速度的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物颗粒的制备方法,该方法包括在共价交联剂、铝盐和柠檬酸存在下,在使得形成具有共价交联和可逆阳离子交联并从而使铝盐的铝基本均匀地分布于聚合物颗粒中的条件下,使包含部分中和的丙烯酸的单体进行聚合。
19.一种吸收速度指数至少为5分钟的水溶胀性、水不溶性聚合物,其中,聚合物是共价交联的,包含来自多价金属配位化合物的均匀分布的金属,并且其是阳离子可逆交联的。
20.根据权利要求19的聚合物,其中,金属为铝。
21.根据权利要求19的聚合物,其中,吸收速度指数至少为10分钟。
22.根据权利要求19的聚合物,其中,吸收速度指数至少为20分钟。
23.包含权利要求19的组合物的吸收制品。
24.根据权利要求23的制品,其是一种尿布或尿布的一部分,其中,超吸收剂聚合物组合物与绒毛的重量比至少为0.3。
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- 2000-11-16 EP EP00980430A patent/EP1244473B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-16 KR KR1020027007212A patent/KR20020062653A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-16 CN CN00816469A patent/CN1402644A/zh active Pending
- 2000-11-16 CN CN2011101150182A patent/CN102229686A/zh active Pending
- 2000-11-16 WO PCT/US2000/031487 patent/WO2001041818A1/en active Application Filing
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CN102470341A (zh) * | 2009-07-13 | 2012-05-23 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 吸收体和吸收性物品 |
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JP4718083B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
JP2003516431A (ja) | 2003-05-13 |
US20020193492A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP1244473A1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
DE60038504T2 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
KR20020062653A (ko) | 2002-07-26 |
CN102229686A (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
TWI288645B (en) | 2007-10-21 |
EP1244473B1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
US20020169252A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
WO2001041818A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
US6579958B2 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
DE60038504D1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
US6716929B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 |
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