CN1375545A - 具有改进抗磨损润滑性的低硫自动传动液 - Google Patents
具有改进抗磨损润滑性的低硫自动传动液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1375545A CN1375545A CN02105850A CN02105850A CN1375545A CN 1375545 A CN1375545 A CN 1375545A CN 02105850 A CN02105850 A CN 02105850A CN 02105850 A CN02105850 A CN 02105850A CN 1375545 A CN1375545 A CN 1375545A
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Abstract
描述了自动传动液,在基本无酚类和无硫化脂肪的基础油中,该液含有二烷基噻二唑。本发明的自动传动液具有极佳的通用性和改善的抗磨损性、抗氧化性和额定扭矩的性质。在优选实施方案中,一种摩擦添加剂组合得到增强的结果。
Description
相关申请的相互参照没有相关的申请关于联邦赞助研究的说明
本研究未得到任何联邦政府实体的赞助发明背景技术
1、发明领域
本发明涉及油基自动传动液组合物，它具有通过各种自动传动液设备平台的适用性，改善的抗氧化性、抗磨损性和扭矩耐久性。
2、现有技术的描述
Ethyl公司的US5578236公开了一种具有增强性能的动力传动液。其中公开的动力传动液组合物中油溶性硼含量约0.001-0.1％，油溶性磷含量约0.005-0.2％，和油溶性金属添加剂含量约0-100ppm。
US5578236的组合物含有至少约50重量％约55N-125N的加氢处理矿物油，约5-40重量％氢化聚α烯烃低聚物，它在100℃时粘度为约2-6厘斯，约5-20重量％丙烯酸粘度指数改进剂、密封膨胀剂、无灰分散剂、油溶性摩擦调节剂和选自泡沫、铜片腐蚀(包括噻二唑)、铁锈和氧化抑制剂的抑制剂。成品组合物的布洛克菲尔德粘度在-40℃为13000厘泊或更低，ASTM D-4683粘度为在150℃至少2.6毫帕秒，和在ASTM D-5275的FISST中40个循环后，在100℃时粘度至少6.8厘斯。但是，公开的组合物优选地不含硫化组分。
还是Ethyl公司的US5441656公开了一种用于解决自动变速器中连续滑动液力偶合离合器中震颤问题的自动传动液。在其他制约因素中，US5441656的自动传动液(“ATF”)还包括摩擦调节剂，它含有N-脂族烃基取代的二乙醇胺，其中N-脂族烃基取代基有约14-40个碳原子，和N-脂族烃基取代的三亚甲基二胺，其中N-脂族烃基取代基是至少一个含有约14-20个碳原子的直链脂族烃基。也可含有通常的铜腐蚀抑制剂(其中包括噻二唑)和其他可选择的组分(例如润滑、染色、倾点下降剂等)。
US5344579、5372735和5578236公开了具有良好抗震颤震性的自动传动液组合物。
其他US4795583、4855074、4857214、5089156、5126064、5164103、5171466、5198133、5256324、5360562、5387346、5387352、5389273、5439606、5505868、5652201、5703023、5817605、5851962、5891786和5972851也公开了各种自动传动液。上述每个专利都作为参考文献引入本文。
但是，这些参考文献没有教导或提出本发明组分的组合，其中包括在一种自动传动液中胺抗氧化剂和无灰二烷基噻二唑的组合(它基本不含硫化脂肪和酚类抗氧化剂)。
在工业上，已知向自动传动液添加各种添加剂混合剂，其中包括耐特压剂、抗磨损剂、抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、金属钝化剂、防锈剂、摩擦调节剂、分散剂、清洁剂、消泡剂和粘度指数改进剂。但是，并非所有添加剂可预知地互相作用或很好地彼此相互作用。
发明简述
本发明涉及通过在一种基本不含硫化脂肪和酚类抗氧化剂的基础液中，含有无灰二烷基噻二唑和至少一种胺抗氧化剂，改善每个设备的自动传动液的通用性。
还可含有其他选择性组分，例如附加的摩擦调节剂、非酚类抗氧化剂、分散剂和粘度指数改进剂。完全配制的传动液组合物，在将其加入自动变速器时，提供了多种传动平台的性能、改进的抗磨损性、抗氧化性和扭矩量。
附图简述
图1是用图表明本发明实施例1和3的GM带摩擦性能(中点动扭矩)结果。
图2是用图表明本发明实施例1、2和3的Ford离合器耐磨寿命试验(中点动扭矩)结果。
图3是用图表明本发明实施例1、2和3的Ford离合器耐磨寿命试验(低速动扭矩)结果。
图4是用图表明本发明实施例1的GM循环实验结果。
图5是用图表明本发明实施例1的反映总酸值增加的GM氧化试验结果。
图6是用图表明本发明实施例1的反映粘度增加的GM氧化试验结果。
图7是用图表明本发明实施例1的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(扭矩对速度)。
图8是用图表明本发明实施例1的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(时间对负斜率)。
图9是用图表明本发明实施例2的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(扭矩对速度)。
图10是用图表明本发明实施例2的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(时间对负斜率)。
图11是用图表明本发明实施例3的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(扭矩对速度)。
图12是用图表明本发明实施例3的ECCC耐磨寿命试验结果(时间对负斜率)。
发明详述
今天，满足消费者严格要求的汽车需要具有所有车辆系统的耐久性和性能。其中一个最重要的系统是动力传动系统(“变速器”)，该系统将汽车发动机产生的动力传送给车轮。由于它是汽车中最复杂系统中的一个系统，所以它也是要检查、修理或更换最昂贵系统中的一个系统。变速器通常其中包括带板的离合器、液力变矩器和多个齿轮，通过改变齿轮比可改变向车轮传送的动力。这样一种变速器还可包括湿式离合器。
敏锐的消费者最初要求高性能、低维护保养(保养之间高里程数)和延长的预计使用寿命。但是，随着新的变速器技术的出现，过去获得认可的老性能标准现在变得难以让人接受了。
例如，汽车生产商们在全世界活动研制汽车变速器，这些变速器加入各种电控偶合离合器(ECCC)的设计。在美国公司平均燃料经济(CAFE)要求的预期增加驱动着这些研制工作。ECCC设计能使人们获得燃料经济上的增加。
ECCC变速器以及装配连续可变变速器(CVT)的汽车的出现，和流线型物体设计的进展，这些导致形成了装有更小变速器的客车，这些客车易于以更高的能量密度和更高的操作温度操作。这样一些变化向润滑剂供应商提出了挑战，要求配制具有新独特性能的自动传动液，其中包括更高的额定扭矩和耐磨寿命。
因此，许多原设备制造商(OEMs)正在寻找自动传动液，这些传动液具有能满足或超过ECCC、CVT和其他设计要求的摩擦特性，同时保持足够的抗磨损和耐磨寿命的性能。
需要有一条有效途径解决各种传动液与自动变速器传动通用性的问题，特别是需要有一条有效途径满足售后自动变速器服务供应商的需要。
本发明提供了一种自动传动液，它具有良好的抗氧化性、抗磨损性和额定扭矩，并且本发明还有助于解决现有不通用性的问题。
本发明还提供了一种自动传动液，它能通过Ford耐磨寿命试验、Ford ECCC耐磨寿命试验、GM带离合器试验和FZG磨损试验，通过至少11级。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的流体在基本不含硫和不含酚类抗氧化剂的基础流体中含有胺抗氧化剂和无灰二烷基噻二唑。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明的流体在基本不含硫化脂肪和酚类抗氧化剂的基础流体中，含有胺和无灰二烷基噻二唑的混合物。
本发明的二烷基噻二唑包括无灰的二烷基噻二唑。
本发明的胺抗氧化剂包括油溶性芳族仲胺、芳族一元仲胺、芳族多元仲胺混合物和芳族伯胺。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的流体用于配制自动传动液，如在ASTM D5182-97中提出的在150℃的FZG试验中，该传动液通过11级，而ASTM D5182-97作为参考文献引入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，提出了一种改善自动变速器磨损性能的方法和一种提供良好稳定性的方法。
所述方法包括向自动变速器添加一种自动传动液，并在其中使用自动传动液，该传动液在基本无硫化脂肪和酚类抗氧化剂的流体中含有(1)主要量的基础油和(2)次要量的添加剂组合物，该组合物含有如下所述的至少组分(A)和组分(B)作为基本组分。
尽管偶然地描述过上述组分和下列组分的功能，但该功能可能是由相同组分提供的其他功能中的一种功能，并且不应该将其解释为强制性的限制功能。
必要组分
组分(A)无灰的二烷基噻二唑
本发明的流体应包括二烷基噻二唑。典型的合适化合物包括双-叔-十二烷硫基噻二唑；和2，5-双(烃硫基)-1，3，4-噻二唑。一种在市场上可买得到的二烷基噻二唑是HiTEC4313腐蚀抑制剂，这是一种Ethyl Corporation，里士满，弗吉尼亚的产品。
在这样的二烷基噻二唑中，每个烷基各自是有约9-18个碳原子的烃基。
实施本发明时适合的二烷基噻二唑是下述通式(I)化合物：
式中R1是有6-18个碳原子的烃基取代基；R2是有6-18个碳原子的烃基取代基，它可以与R1相同或不同。优选地，R1和R2有约9-12个碳原子，最优选地，R1和R2各有9个碳原子。
在本发明范围内，还可使用式(I)二烷基噻二唑与一烷基噻二唑的混合物。当取代基R1和R2中任一个基是H时，就出现这样的一烷基噻二唑。但是，整个配制的流体组合物应该含有至少0.05重量％二烷基噻二唑，更优选地至少约0.10重量％。目前优选的范围是约0.05-1.00重量％，更优选地是约0.10-0.60重量％，最优选地是约0.3重量％。本发明的噻二唑具有抗氧化、腐蚀抑制和耐特压的性质。
组分(B)-胺类抗氧化剂
本发明组合物中还可使用胺类抗氧化剂，特别是油溶性芳族仲胺。可使用芳族一元仲胺、芳族多元仲胺混合物和芳族伯胺。
合适的芳族一元仲胺包括二苯胺、含有1-2个烷基取代基各个取代基有至多约16个碳原子的烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、苯基-γ-萘胺、含有一个或两个烷基或芳烷基各个烷基或芳烷基含有至多约16个碳原子的烷基-或芳烷基取代的苯基-α-萘胺、含有一个或两个烷基或芳烷基各个烷基或芳烷基含有至多约16个碳原子的烷基-或芳烷基取代的苯基β-萘胺、可从Goodyear以商品名“Wingstay 100”和从Uniroyal购买到的烷基化对-苯二胺，和类似的化合物。
一种优选的芳族胺是具有下述通式的烷基化二苯胺
R1-C6H4-NH-C6H4-R2
其中R1是有8-12个碳原子(更优选地，约9个碳原子)的烷基(优选地，支链烷基)，R2是氢原子或有8-12个碳原子(优选地，约9个碳原子)的烷基(优选地，支链烷基)。更优选地，R1和R2相同。
本发明的二苯胺抗氧化剂包括例如4，4’二壬基化二苯胺，它是从UniroyalChemical Company以商品名NaugaLube438L购买到的。
除了含有上述必要组分外，成品流体或浓缩物应该无酚类抗氧化剂和无含硫的添加剂，例如硫化脂肪。
除了上述必要组分之外，本发明还可选择性地含有以下附加组分：
组分(C)-分散剂
组分(C)包括至少一种油溶性含磷或含硼的无灰分散剂。在分子中含有碱性氮和/或有至少一个羟基的无灰分散剂，例如丁二酰亚胺分散剂、丁二酸酯分散剂、丁二酸酯-酰胺分散剂、曼尼希碱分散剂、烃基聚胺分散剂或聚合聚胺分散剂，经磷酸化或硼化可以生成含磷或硼的无灰分散剂。
例如在US3172892、3202678、3216936、3219666、3254025、3272746和4234435中描述了聚胺丁二酰亚胺，其中，丁二酸根含有有至少30个碳原子烃基取代基。采用通常的方法，例如采用烯基丁二酸酐、酸、酸-酯、酰基卤或低级烷基酯与含有至少一个伯胺基的聚胺一起加热的方法，可生成烯基丁二酰亚胺。将烯烃与马来酸酐的混合物加热到例如约180-220℃很容易制得烯基丁二酸酐。烯烃优选地是如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯等低级单烯烃的聚合物或共聚物及其混合物。更优选的烯基来源是聚异丁烯，它的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)数均分子量高至10000或更高，优选地是约500-2500，最优选地约800-1500。
如这里所使用的术语“丁二酰亚胺”，系指包括一种或多种聚胺反应物与烃取代的丁二酸或丁二酸酐(或类似的丁二酸酰化剂)之间反应的完成反应产物，还打算包括一些化合物，其中除了含有由伯胺基与酸酐部分反应产生这类酰亚胺键之外，该产物还可含有酰胺、脒，和/或盐键。
烯基丁二酸酯和含有2-20个碳原子和2-6个羟基的多元醇的二酯可以用于制备含磷的无灰分散剂。在US3331776、3381022和3522179中描述了代表性的实施例。这些酯的烯基丁二酸部分与上述丁二酰亚胺的烯基丁二酸部分对应。
例如在US3184474、3576743、3632511、3804763、3836471、3862981、3936480、3948800、3950341、3957854、3957855、3991098、4071548和4173540中描述了用于制备磷酸化无灰分散剂的合适烯基丁二酸酯-酰胺。
含有平均至少约40个碳原子的脂族或脂环族卤化物(或其混合物)与一种或多种胺，优选地聚亚烷基聚胺反应，通常可生成可磷酸化的烃基聚胺分散剂。在US3275554、3394576、3438757、3454555、3565804、3671511和3821302中描述过这样一些烃基聚胺分散剂的例子。
一般地，烃基取代的聚胺是高分子量的烃基-N-取代的聚胺，它在分子含有碱性氮。烃基典型地具有如GPC所测定的数均分子量约750-10000，更通常地约1000-5000，并由合适的烯烃衍生得到。由聚氯异丁烯和含有2-约12个胺氮原子和2-约40个碳原子的聚胺，可制备优选的烃取代的胺或聚胺。
在制备磷酸化无灰分散剂时可使用的曼尼希聚胺分散剂，是典型地在环上有长链烷基取代基的烷基酚，与一种或多种含有1-约7个碳原子的脂族醛(特别地甲醛及其衍生物)和聚胺(特别地聚亚烷基聚胺)的反应产物。在US2459112、2962442、2984550、3036003、3166516、3236770、3368972、3413347、3442808、3448047、3454497、3459661、3493520、3539633、3558743、3586629、3591598、3600372、3634515、3649229、3697574、3703536、3704308、3725277、3725480、3726882、3736357、3751365、3756953、3793202、3798165、3798247、3803039、3872019、3904595、3957746、3980569、3985802、4006089、4011380、4025451、4058468、4083699、4090854、4354950和4485023中描述了曼尼希缩合产物的例子及其生产方法。
制备曼尼希聚胺分散剂的优选烃是由基本饱和的石油馏分和烯烃聚合物，优选地具有约2-6个碳原子的单烯烃的聚合物衍生得到的烃。烃源通常含有至少约40个，优选地至少约50个碳原子，使该分散剂具有基本的溶油性。具有GPC数均分子量约600-5000的烯烃聚合物因其易反应和低成本而是优选的。但是，也可使用具有更高分子量的聚合物。特别适合的烃源是异丁烯聚合物。
用于这种用途的优选曼尼希碱分散剂是曼尼希碱无灰分散剂，它是由约1摩尔比例的长链烃取代的酚与约1-2.5摩尔甲醛和约0.5-2摩尔聚亚烷基聚胺缩合而成的。
适于制备磷酸化无灰分散剂的聚合聚胺分散剂是含有碱性胺基团和油溶基团的聚合物(例如是有至少约8个碳原子的支链烷基)。由如甲基丙烯酸癸酯、乙烯基癸基醚或较高分子量烯烃的各种单体，与丙烯酸氨基烷基酯和氨基烷基丙烯酰胺形成的互聚物可以说明这一些物质。US3329658、3449250、3493520、3519565、3666730、3687849和3702300中列举聚合聚胺分散剂的实例。
上述各种无灰分散剂可采用在US3184411、3342735、3403102、3502607、3511780、3513093、3513093、4615826、4648980、4857214和5198133中描述的方法进行磷酸化。
在另一个优选实施方案中，本发明的分散剂或含磷分散剂还进行了硼化。
在US3087936、3254025、3281428、3282955、2284409、2284410、3338832、3344069、3533945、3658836、3703536、3718663、4455243和4652387中描述了可用于使上述各种无灰分散剂硼化(硼酸盐化)的方法。
在US4857214和5198133中列举了使例如上面引用的那些无灰分散剂磷酸化和硼化的优选方法。
以“活性组分为基础”(即不包括杂质、典型地与其相关的稀释剂和溶剂的量)的磷酸化无灰分散剂的量通常是约0.5-7.5重量％，典型地约0.5-6.5重量％，优选地约0.5-5.5重量％，最优选地约1.0-4.5重量％。
在本发明的优选实施方案中，具有US5972851中所列出N/P比率的无灰分散剂，该专利在本文中是作为参考文献引用的。在该优选实施方案中，本发明的选择性组分是氮与磷质量比为约3∶1-10∶1的分散剂。可以采用至少两种方法制备优选实施方案中的分散剂。在一种方法中，无灰分散剂磷酸化达到这样一种程度，以致氮与磷的质量比是约3∶1-10∶1。在另一个实施方案中，磷酸化分散剂和未磷酸化的分散剂掺混在一起，以便分散剂中总氮与磷的质量比是约3∶1-10∶1。
总的说来，在最终流体中分散剂的量优选地是约1.00-15.00重量％，比较优选地约1.00-8.00重量％，更优选地约3-6重量％。
组分(D)-附加的抗氧化剂
本发明组合物可选择性地但优选地包括一种或多种不含酚类的抗氧化剂，例如是硫化烯烃、油溶性铜化合物、含磷抗氧化剂(例如有机亚磷酸酯)及其混合物。
在完全配制的最终发明润滑组合物中，可以选择性地含有约0.00-5.00重量％，更优选地约0.01-1.00重量％这些附加的非酚类抗氧化剂。
组分(E)-摩擦调节剂
本发明的组合物可选择性地但优选地含有一种或多种摩擦调节剂。这些调节剂典型地包括这样一些化合物，如脂肪胺或乙氧基化脂肪胺、脂族脂肪酸酰胺、脂族脂肪链烷醇酰胺、乙氧基化脂族醚胺、乙氧基化脂肪酸酰胺、脂族羧酸、甘油酯、脂族羧酸酯-酰胺、脂族膦酸酯、脂族磷酸酯、脂族硫代膦酸酯、脂族硫代磷酸酯、脂肪咪唑啉、脂肪叔胺等，其中脂族基团通常含有约8个以上的碳原子，以使化合物能适当溶于油。
合适的摩擦调节剂还包括脂肪酸和烷基苯磺酸的金属盐。优选的阳离子是锌、镁、钙、钡和钠，还可使用任何碱金属或碱土金属。通过每当量胺包含过量的阳离子，可使这些盐达到高碱性。然后用二氧化碳处理这些过量的阳离子，生成碳酸盐。让适当的盐与酸反应生成盐而制得这些金属盐，其中往该反应混合物适当加入二氧化碳，生成了超过生成该盐所需要的任何阳离子碳酸盐。优选的摩擦调节剂是油酸锌。
一种或多种脂族的丁二酸或其酸酐与氨或其他伯胺反应所生成的脂族的取代丁二酰亚胺也是合适的。
一组优选的摩擦调节剂由N-脂族烃基取代的二乙醇胺组成，其中N-脂族烃基取代基是至少一个直链脂族烃基，它无乙炔不饱和性，有约14-20个碳原子。
一些适合于本发明实施的可从市场上购买到的摩擦调节剂是Armeen系列的伯胺(12D、16D、18D、O、OD、OL、OLD、C、CD、S、SD、T、TD、HT和HTD)；仲胺(2C、2T、2HT、2-18)；单烷基叔胺(DM12D、DM16D、DM18D、DMOD、DMCD、DMSD、DMTD、DMHTD)；二烷基叔胺(M2C、M2HT)；三烷基叔胺(3-12、3-16)；商品名为Duomeen的二胺(C、CD、T、TTM、OL、LT-4、S)；商品名为TriameenT的三胺；商品名为TetrameenT的四胺；商品名为Ethomeen的乙氧基化胺(C-12、C-15、C-20、C-25、O-12、O-15、T-12、T-15、T-25、S-12、S-15、S-20、S-25、18-12、18-20、18-25、18-60)；和商品名为Ethoduomeen的乙氧基化二胺(T-13、T-20、T-25)。特别优选的是商品名为EthomeenT-12的乙氧基化牛脂二胺和商品名为EthomeenC-12的乙氧基化椰油烷基胺。所有上述化合物都可从Akzo Nobel Chemical Company得到。
适合用作本发明范围内的摩擦调节剂的还有由C12-C18脂肪酸衍生得到的链烷醇酰胺，例如椰油酰胺和牛脂酰胺。这些链烷醇酰胺的商品例子包括Schercomid SL-ML(月桂酰胺二乙醇胺)，和Schercomid SOA-E(C18-酰胺)，每种均来自于Scher Chemicals，Inc，新泽西州。Schercomid SL-ML是特别优选的。
特别优选的摩擦调节剂系统由至少一种N-脂族烃基取代的二乙醇胺和至少一种N-脂族烃基取代的三亚甲基二胺的组合构成，其中N-脂族烃基取代基是至少一个直链脂族烃基，它无乙炔未饱和性，有约14-20个碳原子。US5372735和5441656叙述了关于这一摩擦调节剂系统的更多细节，这些专利在本文中作为参考文献引用。
另一个特别优选的摩擦调节剂系统基于这样一个组合，它包括(i)至少一种二(羟烷基)脂族叔胺，其中羟烷基相同或不同，各自含有约2-4个碳原子，其中脂族基团是含有约10-25个碳原子的无环烃基，和(ii)至少一种羟烷基脂族咪唑啉，其中羟烷基含有约2-4个碳原子，其中脂族基团是含有约10-25个碳原子的无环烃基。US5344579陈述了有关这一摩擦调节剂系统的更多细节，该专利在本文中作为参考文献引用。
组分(i)，即二(羟烷基)脂族叔胺，有一个氮原子，与其连接着两个羟烷基和一个非环脂族烃基，这个烃基有10-25个碳原子，优选地13-19个碳原子。这些叔胺的羟烷基可相同或不同，但每个羟烷基有2-4个碳原子。羟基可在羟烷基中的任何位置上，但优选地在β位。优选地，组分(i)中的两个羟烷基是相同的，更优选的都是2-羟基乙基。这些叔胺的脂族基团可以是直链或支链，它可以是饱和或烯属不饱和的，如果是不饱和的，它典型地含有1-3个烯烃双键。组分(i)可具有单一类型的脂族基团，或者它可由具有不同脂族基团的化合物构成，其中，碳原子的平均个数在10-25个碳原子的前述范围内。
适合于在本发明范围内实施的另一套摩擦调节剂包括：1)至少一个二羟基烷基脂族叔胺(例如C12-C18烷基和环烃基)；和2)至少一个脂族脂肪链烷醇酰胺，其中脂族基团是无环烃基，它含有12-18个碳原子。脂族脂肪链烷醇优选地是二羟基烷基。特别优选的是脂族伯胺、脂族仲胺或其混合物，其中脂族基团含有12-18个碳原子。
由以上叙述可以看出，组分(i)可以是符合上述结构标准的单一化合物或几种化合物的混合物。
羟烷基脂族咪唑啉，即实施本发明时适合于使用的组分(ii)，其特征在于在咪唑啉环1位有一个含有2-4个碳原子的羟烷基，其特征还在于在该环相邻的2位有一个含有10-25个碳原子的非环烃基。虽然羟烷基的羟基可处于其任何位置上，但它优选地位于β碳原子上，例如是2-羟乙基、2-羟丙基或2-羟丁基。典型地，脂族基团是饱和的或在烯属不饱和的烃基，当烯属不饱和时，脂族基团可含有一个、两个或三个这样的双键。组分(ii)可以是单一的基本纯的化合物，或者它可以是几种化合物的混合物，其中脂族基团平均有10-25个碳原子。优选地，脂族基团有15-19个碳原子，或平均15-19个碳原子。最优选地，脂族基团有或平均有17个碳原子。一种或多种脂族基团可以是直链或支链基团，基本直链基团是优选的。特别优选的化合物是1-羟乙基-2-十七烷基咪唑啉。在本发明中基本适合用作ii)的在市场上可买得到的以咪唑啉为基的摩擦调节剂是从Lonza Chemicals得到的Unamine O。
因此可以看出，组分(ii)可是符合上述结构标准的单一化合物或几种化合物的混合物。
通常说来，本发明的完全配制的最终组合物将选择性地含有，以活性组分计约1.25重量％，优选地约0.005-1.1重量％，更优选地约0.005-1.00重量％的一种或多种摩擦调节剂。
组分(F)-清洁剂
有利地，还可以使用少量含有某种金属的清洁剂，如硫化苯酚钙和磺酸钙。但是，如果使用的是油溶性苯酚盐或磺酸盐，那么应该配成这样的比例，以致最终流体中含有不大于约300ppm金属，优选地不大于约200ppm金属，最优选地不大于约150ppm金属。这些硫化苯酚盐优选地是含有化学计量钙的中性盐，并且无论如何都应该含有总碱值(TBN)不超过约200或300毫克KOH/克，但是，在本质上是碱性的盐也可用于本发明。
特别优选的清洁剂是低碱性苯酚钙，例如从Chevron的Oronite Division买到的OLOA 216C。据说OLOA 216C是标称TBN为150的硫化烷基苯酚盐的氢氧化钙盐。
另一可用于本发明的清洁剂是中性磺酸钙，例如HiTEC514，一种可从Ethyl Corporation，里士满，弗吉尼亚购买到的中性磺酸钙。
在高碱性清洁剂领域中，可用于本发明的这样一些清洁剂包括OLOA219C，一种从Oronite得到的高碱性苯酚钙清洁剂。合适的清洁剂还有HiTEC611和609，它们是可从Ethyl公司购买的高碱性磺酸钙清洁剂。
在最终流体中，清洁剂的量可以是0.01-1.0重量％，更优选地约0.03-0.75重量％，最优选地约0.05-0.30重量％。
组分(G)-防锈剂
人们知道，在传动液中使用的各种已知的防锈剂或防锈添加剂，它们都适合于在本发明的流体中使用。特别优选的是烷基聚氧化烯烃醚，如Mazawet77、如Neofat8之类的C-8酸类、如Tomah PA-14之类的烷氧基胺、3-癸氧基丙基胺和如PluronicL-81之类的聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物。
以上防锈剂的混合物是特别优选的。优选地使用少量防锈剂，例如约0.02重量％以下，优选地0.01-0.10重量％。
组分(H)-消泡剂
本发明的流体中还可含有消泡剂。已知有各种用于这样用途的消泡剂。特别优选的是丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸己基乙酯的共聚物，如从Solutia购买的PC-1244。如4％DCF之类的硅酮油也是优选的。消泡剂的混合物是特别优选的。
如果消泡剂具有高活性水平，通常使用少量消泡剂，约0.00-0.10重量％，更优选地约0.02-0.07重量％，最优选地约0.05重量％。
组分(I)-稀释剂
如果以添加剂混合剂浓缩物提供多种添加剂，添加适当的载体稀释剂，以易于掺混、溶解和输送添加剂混合剂。稀释油需要与基础油和添加剂混合剂相容。通常，浓缩物中稀释剂的量是5-20％，尽管这一量可以随应用而在很宽的范围内变化。通常来说，较少的稀释剂是优选的，因为它降低了运输费用和处理速度。
组分(J)-基础油
如果本发明组合物制备成浓缩物，那么基础油可以不予考虑，而以上选择性组分和必要组分的重量％应进行适当调整，以制备合适的浓缩物，同时注意保持溶解度和相容性。但是，如果要制备完全配制的流体，那么基础油是必要组分。
在制备本发明自动传动液时使用的基础油可以是任何适合的天然或合成的油，它们具有这种用途所必需的粘性性质。天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油等)，和石蜡类、环烷类和石蜡-环烷混合类的液体石油燃料油和加氢精制的、严格加氢处理的、异-脱蜡的、溶剂处理的或酸处理的矿物润滑油。由煤或页岩得到的具有润滑粘性的油类也是有用的基础油。
适合于在本发明中使用的合成润滑油包括许多通常所用的合成烃油中的一种烃油，合成烃油包括但不限于聚-α-烯烃、合成酯、烷基化芳族化合物、烯化氧聚合物及其互聚物、共聚物和衍生物，其中端羟基已通过酯化、醚化等改性，二羧酸酯和硅氧烷基油。因此，基础油可以完全由例如具有适当粘度的矿物油之类的天然油构成，或者它可以完全由例如具有适当粘度的如聚-α-烯烃低聚物之类的合成油构成。
同样地，基础油可以是天然基础油和/或合成基础油的混合物，只要该混合物具有用于制备自动传动液时所要求的性质。通常，基础油应该具有100℃时3-8厘斯(cSt)的运动粘度。可以不使用粘度指数改进剂配制实施本发明时使用的优选自动传动液，以便运动粘度为在100℃至少3.0厘斯，和布氏粘度为在-40℃不大于20000厘泊，或者可以使用粘度指数改进剂配制其自动传动液，以便运动粘度为在100℃至少6.8厘斯，和布氏粘度在-40℃不大于20000厘泊。
合适的基本原料油优选地包括如本技术领域的技术人员已知的组I、II和III基础油。在某种情况下，通常取决于本发明润滑组合物的最终用途，组I是优选的，在其他情况下，组II和III是优选的。
组I基础油料含有90％以下饱和化合物(如采用ASTM D 2007所测定的)和/或0.03％以上的硫(如采用ASTM D 2622、D 4294、D 4927或D 3120所测定的)，或者其粘度指数大于或等于80而小于120(如采用ASTM D 2270所测定的)。
采用上述试验方法，组II基础油料含有大于或等于90％饱和化合物，和小于或等于0.03％硫，并粘度指数大于80而小于120。还可使用组II+油类。这些油是具有在VI谱高端的VI，例如约120的油。
采用上述试验方法，组III基础油料含有大于或等于90％饱和化合物和小于或等于0.03％硫，并且粘度指数大于或等于120。
在另一个实施方案中，传动液含有5％以下聚-α-烯烃(PAO)，更优选地不含PAO。
组分(K)-粘度指数改进剂
本发明组合物可选择性地但优选地含有粘度指数改进剂(VI)。优选的VII包括但不限于烯烃共聚物VII、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯VH和苯乙烯-马来酸酯VII。在这些化合物中，聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯VII是特别优选的。以惰性溶剂中的溶液形式，典型地以矿物油溶剂中的溶液形式提供粘度指数改进剂，该矿物油溶剂通常是严格精炼的矿物油。如此得到的粘度指数改进剂溶液的沸点通常高于200℃，比重是在25℃时小于1。优选地，粘度指数改进剂将具有足够的剪切稳定性，以致最终组合物的运动粘度在ASTM D-5275的FISST(燃料喷射器剪切稳定性试验)中40个循环之后在100℃至少5厘斯，更优选地至少6.8厘斯。
以活性组分计(即不包括与提供的粘度指数改进剂相关的惰性稀释剂或溶剂)，本发明的最终流体组合物应通常含有约0-15重量％的聚合粘度指数改进剂。在任何给定的情况下，如必要或希望，可以采用稍微偏离这个范围的值。
可用作组分(K)的合适材料包括苯乙烯-马来酸酯VII，例如从Lubrizol公司买到的LUBRIZOL3702、LUBRIZOL3706和LUBRIZOL3715；聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯VII，例如从RHM GmbH(达姆施塔特，德国)以商品名VISCOPLEX5543、VISCOPLEX5548、VISCOPLEX5549、VISCOPLEX5550、VISCOPLEX5551和VISCOPLEX5151买到的，从Rohm&Hass公司(费城，宾夕法尼亚州)以商品名ACRYLOID1277、ACRYLOID1265和ACRYLOID1269买到的，和从Ethyl公司(里士满，弗吉尼亚州)以商品名HiTEC5710粘度指数改进剂买到的聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯VII；和烯烃共聚物VII，例如从Ethyl公司以商品名HiTEC5747VII、HiTEC5751VII、HiTEC5770VII和HiTEC5772VII买到的，和从ShellChemical Company以商品名SHELLVIS200买到的烯烃共聚物VII。还可使用前述产品的混合物以及分散剂和分散剂/抗氧化剂VII。
优选地，粘度指数改进剂可以以烃溶液的形式提供，该溶液的聚合物含量为约25-80重量％，氮含量为约0-0.5重量％。优选地，采用ASTM试验方法D-3945A测量时，这样一些产品的永久剪切稳定性指数(PSSI值)不高于约75，优选地50或更小，最优选地35或更小。
如HiTEC5738之类的分散剂的聚甲基丙烯酸酯粘度指数改进剂是优选的，或者如HiTEC5739之类的非分散剂的聚甲基丙烯酸酯粘度指数改进剂是优选的，它们都是Ethyl公司，里士满，弗吉尼亚州的产品，或者分散剂和非分散剂的粘度指数改进剂的混合物也是优选的。特别优选的是超高剪切稳定的分散剂的聚甲基丙烯酸酯粘度指数改进剂，如HiTEC5769，这也是Ethyl公司，里士满，弗吉尼亚州的产品。
优选地，在20小时圆锥滚子轴承试验或KRL剪切试验中VII显示了小于5％剪切损失。这是一个题为“传动润滑剂的粘度剪切稳定性”的公布的标准试验，由CEC(Cavendish街61号，伦敦WIM8AR，英格兰)得到的CECL-45-T93中描述过。还以DIN 51350(第6部分)公布了同样的试验，这可从DeutschesInstitut fiur Normung，Burgerfenshase 6，1000 Berlin 30，德国得到。这两份参考资料都作为参考文献引入本文。
定量地，粘度指数改进剂的量可以是0-25重量％，优选地0.2-20重量％。
组分(L)-染料
优选的是向流体中加入着色剂，以使其具有可检测的独特特性。通常地，使用偶氮类染料，如C.I.Solvent Red 24或C.I.Solvent Red 164，如在美国纺织品化学家和着色师协会和染色工作者和着色师协会(英国)的“色指数”提出的，它作为参考文献引入本文。对于自动传动液，Automate Red Dye是特别优选的。染料的量非常少，通常在成品油中小于400ppm，优选地约200-300ppm。
组分(M)-密封膨胀剂
本发明的自动传动液还可含有密封膨胀剂。如酯、己二酸酯、癸二酸酯、壬二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、砜、醇、烷基苯、取代的环丁砜、芳族化合物或矿物油之类的密封膨胀剂，可引起在发动机和自动变速器中用作密封件的弹体材料膨胀。
醇类密封膨胀剂通常是低挥发性直链烷基醇，如癸醇、三癸醇和四癸醇。
用作密封膨胀剂的烷基苯包括十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙基己基)苯等。
取代的环丁砜(例如在US4029588中描述的化合物，该专利作为参考文献引入本文)在本发明组合物中同样用作密封膨胀剂。
在本发明中用作密封膨胀剂的矿物油包括具有高环烷或芳族化合物含量的低粘度矿物油。
芳族的密封膨胀剂包括在市场上可买得到的Exxon Aromatic 200 ND密封膨胀剂。
在市场上可买得到的矿物油密封膨胀剂实例包括ExxonNectron-37(FN1380)和ExxonMineral Seal Oil(FN 3200)。
当密封膨胀剂用在本发明ATF中时，以ATF的总重量计，它典型地是约1-30重量％，优选地约1-20重量％，最优选地约1-10重量％。
组分(N)-附加的腐蚀抑制剂
本发明的自动传动液还可以含有附加的腐蚀抑制剂。其他合适附加的铜片腐蚀抑制剂包括醚胺、聚乙氧基化化合物，像乙氧基化胺和乙氧基化醇、咪唑啉等。
噻唑、三唑和噻二唑也可用于本发明。其例子包括苯并三唑；甲苯基三唑；辛基三唑；癸基三唑；十二烷基三唑；2-巯基苯并噻唑；2，5-二巯基-1，3，4-噻二唑；2-巯基-5-烃硫基-1，3，4-噻二唑和2-巯基-5-烃二硫基-1，3，4-噻二唑。优选的化合物是1，3，4-噻二唑，特别是2-烃二硫基-5-巯基-1，3，4-二噻二唑，其中大量的化合物可作为商品买到。以最终配方计，这些化合物的量可以是0.00-0.50重量％，更优选地约0.01-0.10重量％。
组分(O)-抗磨损/耐特压添加剂
本发明的自动传动液还可含有抗磨损/耐特压添加剂。
当所要求最终流体的磷含量并不完全用含磷的无灰分散剂(或含硼和磷的无灰分散剂)提供时，其余的磷含量优选地由该组合物中包含的一种或多种含磷的酯或酸-酯提供，例如油溶性有机亚磷酸酯、油溶性有机酸性亚磷酸酯、油溶性有机磷酸酯、油溶性有机酸性磷酸酯、油溶性氨基磷酸酯。实例包括磷酸三烃酯、亚磷酸三烃酯、磷酸二烃酯、膦酸二烃酯或亚磷酸二烃酯或其混合物、磷酸一烃酯、亚磷酸一烃酯，和前述任何两种或多种化合物的混合物。有机酸性磷酸酯的油溶性胺盐是一种用于本发明流体的优选的辅助含磷添加剂。也可使用任何前述化合物的含硫类似化合物，但不是太优选的。在市场上可买到的合适的辅助磷添加剂是从Ciba-Geigy Corporation以商品名Irgalube349或从R.TVanderbilt以商品名Vanlube672得到的胺磷酸酯抗磨损/耐特压添加剂。
为了增强耐特压性能，还可以含有附加的噻二唑。
耐特压/抗磨损添加剂在最终完全配制的流体中的量优选地是0.00-1.00重量％，更优选地约0.10-1.00重量％。
在选择任何上述可选的添加剂时，重要的是确保一种或多种选定的组分溶于或稳定地分散于添加剂混合剂和完成的ATF组合物中，并与组合物的其他组分相容，并且对全部成品组合物所需要或至少所要求的组合物性能，如摩擦、粘度和/或剪切稳定性没有明显的干扰。
通常，辅助添加剂组分在油中的使用量少到还足以改善基础流体的性能特征和性质。因此，根据使用基础流体的粘性特征、所要求最终流体的粘性特征、最终流体打算的使用条件和所要求最终流体的性能特征这样一些因素，改变辅助添加剂组分的量。但是，通常来说，下述基础流体中的附加组分(活性组分)浓度(除非另外指出，其浓度为重量百分浓度)是说明性的：
组分 典型范围 优选范围
C 1.00-10.00 1.00-8.00
D 0.00-5.00 0.01-1.00
E ≤1.25 0.005-1.10
F 0.01-1.00 0.03-0.75
G ≤0.02 0.01-0.10
H ≤0.10 0.02-0.07
I ≤25.00(在浓缩物中) 5.00-20.00(在浓缩物中)
J 余量 余量
K 0.00-25.00 2.00-20.00
L 0-400ppm 200-300ppm
M 1.00-30.00 5.00-15.00
N 0.00-0.50 0.01-0.10
0 0.00-1.00 0.10-1.00
应意识到，如果需要，使用的单个组分可分开地掺到基础流体中，或使用的单个组分以各种不同的小组合形式掺合到基础流体中。通常，这样一些掺混步骤的特定顺序不是至关重要的。而且，优选的是，以浓缩物形式使用的添加剂组分进行掺混，因其简化了掺混操作而减少了掺混误差的可能性，并利用了由全部浓缩物提供的相容性和溶解性特性的优点。
因此，可如此配制添加剂浓缩物，以便含有所有的添加剂组分，以及如果需要的话，还含有某些基础油组分，其量比例于最终流体混合物，以与上述浓缩物一致。在大多数情况下，添加剂浓缩物将含有一种或多种如轻矿物油之类的稀释剂，以便于处理和掺混浓缩物。因此，可以使用含有直到约50重量％一种或多种稀释剂或溶剂的浓缩物，只要溶剂的量不会干扰成品动力传动液组合物的低温和高温、闪点特征和性能。关于这一点，应如此地选择和配比依照本发明使用的添加剂组分，以致由这样一些组分配制的添加剂浓缩物和混合剂的闪点，采用ASTMD-92试验测定为170℃或以上，优选地闪点至少是180℃。
在本发明中，成品流体或浓缩物应基本上不含有酚类抗氧化剂和硫化脂肪。
实施例
在以下实施例中列出了在实施本发明时适合使用的说明性组合物，其中除非另外指出，所有的份数和百分数都是以重量表示的。
然后，在实施例中制备的流体在通常已知试验的条件下进行试验，其中包括：
Ford圆片离合器摩擦试验，MERCONV规格号WSP M2C185-A(部分3.8)。Ford试验使用低容量流体，305毫升，和每个循环高试验能量，20740焦耳，着重耐磨寿命。这么多能量重复散逸在这样小容量试验流体中达20,000次循环，是对流体保持持续摩擦特性的能力的艰苦评价。
GM带离合器试验。根据DEXRONIII方法进行GM带离合器试验(GM性能参数：GM 6417M，1997年4月)。简短地说，该试验涉及在135℃，使离合器以每分钟4个循环的速度运转100小时(即24,000循环)。DEXRONIII带离合器中点扭矩试验限是185-220Nm。
GM Dexron III循环试验(GM-6297-M)，1993年4月修订；相应于FordMerconV耐摩寿命试验(Dexron 5规格3.9，1996年7月1日和1998年10月1日修订)，它设定了20000变档循环的变档时间限。由第1档换到第2档，0.30-0.75秒；从第2档换到第3档，0.30-0.75秒。
FZG磨损试验。在FZG齿轮装置试验机上进行FZG试验。IP(石油学会)334/79，它作为参考文献引入本文，测量了润滑性，在该试验中，两个钢传动装置一起进行一系列75分钟级的旋转。每级后，提高齿轮之间相对扭矩达到固定的量，这些齿轮一起运转一定时间，其后检查它们的磨损或损害情况。根据最终通过的级与第一次失败级提出试验结果。该试验在技术上等于ASTMD 5182-97。该试验可在选定的温度(标称90℃和150℃下)进行。
ECCC耐磨寿命试验，如采用低速SAE#2摩擦装置所测量的。如同在本技术领域中人们所熟知的，ATF的耐磨寿命是使用SAE#2摩擦试验机进行评定的。在低速装置中，通常的SAE#2机配备有30马力、3600转/分的发动机，两端均带有轴外伸部。用法兰把惯性端连接到飞轮上，以便为每个动态接合提供要求的总能量。与惯性端相对的端是延伸到离合器外壳的输入轴，它刻出键槽，以便与不同离合器设计的各种驱动轮毂装配一起。离合器外壳通过接头配件支撑在轴上，使扭矩的旋转和转换与输入轴本身无关。使用第二台发动机以驱动0-7.5转/分的静态起步档。通过一台测力传感器，在一定温度、负载和滑行速度下测量摩擦力。通过气压活提供负载。使用可变速的DC发动机和能提供1转/分时500Nm的高扭矩速度减速器。在1998年Esslinger Conference上Srinivasan等人发表的“使用低速SAE#2机对配备CSTCC的汽车中ATF抗震颤性能的预报”，第1657-1668页中，更全面地描述了这种配置，该资料作为参考文献引入本文。
表1实施例的组合物
| 组分* | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 说明 |
| A | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | 无灰二烷基噻二唑 |
| B | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 二苯基胺抗氧化剂 |
| E1 | 0.100 | 0.200 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 摩擦调节剂-烷基二乙醇胺 |
| E2 | 0.000 | 0.300 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 摩擦调节剂-脂肪酸二乙醇胺 |
| E3 | 0.200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 摩擦调节剂-咪唑啉 |
| F | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.080 | 0.100 | 清洁剂 |
| C、G、H | 4.150 | 4.150 | 4.020 | 4.020 | 分散剂，防锈剂、消泡剂 |
| I、J、K | 84.875 | 84.475 | 84.675 | 84.655 | 稀释剂、基础油、聚甲基丙烯酸酯粘度指数改进剂 |
| L、M | 10.025 | 10.025 | 10.025 | 10.025 | 染料，密封膨胀剂 |
| 总计 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 |
*所有都是以成品流体计的重量％
这些组合物的试验结果列于图1-12中，它们说明了本发明自动传动液的交叉平台的可接受能力。
因此，本发明的一个实施方案包含自动传动液，它含有(1)主要量的不含酚不含硫化脂肪的基础油，和(2)次要量的添加剂，它包括A)无灰二烷基噻二唑，和(B)胺类抗氧化剂，该流体满足Ford摩擦寿命试验、GM带离合器试验和FZG试验。
在研究所列的数据时，很清楚的看到，本发明的组合物具有优良的性能。
返回到图1，用图表明本发明实施例1和3的GM带摩擦性能(中点动扭矩)结果，可以看出，实施例1和3落在中点动扭矩的GM带摩擦性能规格的严格要求范围内(最初超过后的期间内)。
参见图2，用图表明Ford离合器摩擦寿命试验(中点动扭矩)，可清楚地看到，本发明实施例1、2和3落在中点动扭矩的Ford离合器摩擦性能规格的严格要求范围内。
类似地，图3说明了实施例1、2和3的Ford离合器耐磨寿命试验(低速动扭矩)结果，它显示出，本发明的示范性组合物处于试验的严格限内。
现在参见图4，说明GM循环试验，可以看出，本发明实施例1的自动变速器的位移时间落在试验参数范围内，确保自动变速器更平滑地变换。
图5说明本发明流体的特别抗氧化性。反映本发明实施例总酸值增加的GM氧化试验结果很好地落在试验限内，甚至在600小时之后也是如此。因此，流体具有长的使用寿命。
图6说明了本发明实施例1组合物的粘度没有增加。再一次说明本发明流体将有长的使用寿命。
图7、9和11是用图表明本发明实施例1、2和3(分别)的ECCC摩擦寿命试验结果(扭矩对速度)。特别是对于实施例2和3，甚至在115小时后，还可以看到出色的扭矩一致性，因此导致持久更平滑的变档。
图8、10和12是用图表明本发明实施例1、2和3(分别)的ECCC摩擦寿命试验结果(小时对负斜率)。特别是对于实施例2和3，可以看出本发明流体具有出色的摩擦寿命。
因此，如所列数据证明的，配制一种能跨平台应用并具有出色性能的动力传动液是可能的。
本发明在其实践中进行相当大的改动是允许。因此，本发明并不限于上述具体例证。当然，本发明是在所附权利要求的精神和范围内，其中包括可得到的法律上的等效物。
专利权所有人并不试图把任何公开的实施方案都提供给公众，也不打算达到任何公开的修改或选择照字面意义不会落入权利要求范围的程度，在等效物原则下，它们应被认为是本发明的部分。
Claims (21)
1、一种自动传动液，它含有：
(1)主要量的基础油，它不含硫化脂肪和酚类抗氧化剂，
(2)次要量的添加剂，它含有
(A)无灰二烷基噻二唑；以及
(B)至少一种胺抗氧化剂。
2、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中组分(A)是下式化合物：
式中R1是有6-18个碳原子的烃基取代基；R2是有6-18个碳原子的烃基取代基，它可以与R1相同或不同。
3、根据权利要求2所述的自动传动液，其中R1和R2有约9-12个碳原子。
4、根据权利要求3所述的自动传动液，其中R1和R2相同，并各有9个碳原子。
5、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，该自动传动液还含有至少一种脂族脂肪链烷醇酰胺。
6、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，该自动传动液还含有至少一种脂族脂肪二乙醇胺。
7、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中组分(A)的量是以该传动液计为0.05-约0.75重量％。
8、根据权利要求7所述的自动传动液，其中组分(A)的量是以该传动液计为约0.3重量％。
9、根据权利要求6所述的自动传动液，其中组分(B)是正-烷基(牛脂)二乙醇胺。
10、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中组分(B)的量是以该传动液计为约0.05-1.00重量％。
11、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中组分(B)的量是以该传动液计为约0.10-0.50重量％。
12、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中该液包含至少一种咪唑啉基摩擦调节剂。
13、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中该液包含至少一种乙氧基化胺摩擦调节剂。
14、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，其中该液包含咪唑啉和乙氧基化胺摩擦调节剂的混合物。
15、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，该液还含有至少一种选自发泡抑制剂、腐蚀抑制剂、铁锈抑制剂和氧化抑制剂的抑制剂。
16、根据权利要求1所述的自动传动液，该液还含有至少一种粘度指数改进剂、清洁剂、分散剂或摩擦调节剂。
17、根据权利要求16所述的自动传动液，其中有一种粘度指数改进剂混合物存在。
18、根据权利要求14所述的自动传动液，其中有至少一种分散剂存在，该至少一种分散剂的总氮与磷质量比为约3∶1至10∶1。
19、一种自动传动液组合物，它含有：
(1)主要量的基础油，以及
(2)次要量的添加剂组合物，它含有
(A)二烷基噻二唑；
(B)胺为基础的抗氧化剂；
(C)总氮与磷质量比为约3∶1至10∶1的分散剂；
(D)混合的摩擦调节剂系统，该系统含有：
①乙氧基化胺为基础的摩擦调节剂，以及
②咪唑啉为基础的摩擦调节剂。
20、根据权利要求19所述的自动传动液，该液还含有至少一种选自密封膨胀剂、泡沫抑制剂、润滑剂和染料的添加剂。
21、一种改进自动变速器抗磨损和耐特压性能的方法，所述方法包括往所述的自动变速器中加入如权利要求19中提出的自动传动液，并在所述的自动变速器中使用该自动传动液。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323810B (zh) * | 2006-06-16 | 2011-11-16 | 雅富顿公司 | 具有提高摩擦性能的动力传递液 |
| CN104250579A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种atf-iii自动传动液组合物 |
| CN109415648A (zh) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-03-01 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 润滑剂聚合物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20030092585A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and concentrates containing an antiwear amount of a thiadiazole |
| US6528458B1 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2003-03-04 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant for dual clutch transmission |
| US7947636B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2011-05-24 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids |
| US20080194442A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-14 | Watts Raymond F | Methods for lubricating a transmission |
| CN104204165A (zh) * | 2012-03-21 | 2014-12-10 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 内燃机油用润滑油组合物 |
| CN110770330B (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2022-07-19 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 润滑油组合物 |
-
2002
- 2002-02-14 CA CA002371832A patent/CA2371832A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-27 JP JP2002051008A patent/JP2002309280A/ja active Pending
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323810B (zh) * | 2006-06-16 | 2011-11-16 | 雅富顿公司 | 具有提高摩擦性能的动力传递液 |
| CN104250579A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种atf-iii自动传动液组合物 |
| CN104250579B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种atf-iii自动传动液组合物 |
| CN109415648A (zh) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-03-01 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 润滑剂聚合物 |
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