CN102803449B - 在润滑剂中作为摩擦改进剂的酰亚胺和双酰胺 - Google Patents
在润滑剂中作为摩擦改进剂的酰亚胺和双酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102803449B CN102803449B CN201080031405.1A CN201080031405A CN102803449B CN 102803449 B CN102803449 B CN 102803449B CN 201080031405 A CN201080031405 A CN 201080031405A CN 102803449 B CN102803449 B CN 102803449B
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- oil
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 boric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 7
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
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- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
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- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
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- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(N)=O GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid group Chemical group C(CCCC)(=O)O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/086—Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
提供一种组合物以用作自动变速器的摩擦改进剂，其包含羟基聚羧酸如2，3-二-羟基丁二酸或2-羟基丁二酸与N，N-二(烃基)亚烷基二胺的缩合产物，其中各个烃基含有1-22个碳原子，条件是两个烃基中的碳原子总数为至少约9，且亚烷基含有2-4个碳原子。
Description
发明背景
本技术涉及流体如自动传动流体、牵引流体、连续变速传动流体(CVT)、双离合器自动传动流体、农用拖拉机流体、发动机润滑剂、工业齿轮润滑剂、润滑脂和液压机流体的添加剂领域。
在自动变速器市场，如果存在由降低重量和提高传动能力的需要而驱使的快速工程变化，则就改善离合器保持力而言，需要显示出高静态摩擦系数的自动传动流体。连续滑动变矩器离合器例如迫使对自动传动流体(ATF)的严格的摩擦要求。流体必须具有良好的摩擦相对于滑动速度的关系，或在车辆中发生称为颤栗的讨厌现象。变速器颤栗为一般发生在滑动变矩器离合器中的通常称为“粘滑”或“动态摩擦振动”的自我刺激振动状态。流体和材料体系的摩擦特征，与机械设计和变速器的控制组合决定了变速器对颤栗的敏感性。绘出所测得的摩擦系数(μ)相对于滑动速度(V)，通常称为μ-V曲线，显示出与变速器颤栗的关联。理论和实验均支持该μ-V曲线的正至稍微负的斜度区域与传动流体的良好抗颤栗性能有关。容许车辆无振动或颤栗地操作的流体据说具有良好“抗颤栗”性能。流体应在其使用寿命期间保持那些特征。车辆中抗颤栗性能的长期性通常称为“抗颤栗耐久性”。变速摩擦试验机(VSFT)测量与模拟传动离合器中发现的速度、载荷和摩擦材料的滑动速度有关的摩擦系数，并与实际使用中发现的性能关联。程序良好地记录在文献中；例如参见Society of Automotive Engineerspublication#941883。
高静态摩擦系数和耐久正斜度的组合要求通常与传统ATF摩擦改进剂技术不相容，这极好地描述于专利文献中。许多常用摩擦改进剂产生低静态摩擦系数且在正斜度上不足够耐久而不具有足够的用途。
美国专利4,237,022，Barrer，1980年12月2日，公开了酒石酰亚胺和包含酒石酰亚胺的润滑剂和燃料。在实施例(IX)中，报告了一种含有酒石酸与Armeen O(基本为油胺)的反应产物的自动传动流体。
美国专利申请2006/0183647，Kocsis等人，2006年8月16日，公开了用作润滑剂的添加剂的酒石酸酯、酒石酰亚胺、酒石酰胺或其组合。据说各种包含自动传动流体的组合物由此受益。其中所公开的材料为油基酒石酰亚胺和十三烷基丙氧基胺酒石酰亚胺。胺的烷基可以为线性或支化的。
美国专利4,789,493，Horodysky，1988年12月6日，公开了含有N-烷基亚烷基二胺酰胺的润滑剂。公开了R2-N(R3)-R1-NH-R3，其中R1为C2-C4亚烷基，R2必须为C12-C30烃基，且R3为H、C1-C3脂族基团，或R4-C(＝O)-；至少一个R3必须为R4-C(＝O)-。R4为H或C1-4。实例为Coco-NH-(CH2)3-NH-C(＝O)H。
美国专利3,251,853，Hoke，1966年5月17日公开了一种油溶性酰化胺。在实施例中，反应物可以为二甲苯基-硬脂酸或庚基苯基-庚酸，与四亚乙基五胺或十二胺或N-2-氨基乙基十八胺。实例为N-2-氨基乙基十八胺与二甲苯基-硬脂酸的缩合产物。
美国专利出版物2009/0005277，Watts等人，2009年1月1日，公开了据说具有优异摩擦稳定性的润滑油组合物，其除其它组分外包含与酰化剂反应以将至少一个仲胺基团转化成酰胺的聚亚烷基多胺基摩擦改进剂。
因此，所公开的技术提供一种适于给自动传动流体提供高摩擦系数或μ-V曲线中持久正斜度或二者的摩擦改进剂。
发明概述
本发明公开的技术提供一种包含羟基-聚羧酸或其混合物或其反应性等价物与N，N-二(烃基)亚烷基二胺的缩合产物的组合物，其中各个烃基独立地包含1-22个碳原子，条件是两个烃基中的碳原子总数为至少9，且亚烷基含有2-4个碳原子。该组合物适用作自动变速器的摩擦改进剂。
该组合物可以为润滑剂，其可进一步包含具有润滑粘度的油，并可包含一种或多种其它添加剂。它可用于一种润滑自动变速器的方法中，所述方法包括将润滑剂供入所述自动变速器中。
发明详述
下面通过非限定性阐述描述各个特征和实施方案。
在所述技术的某些实施方案中使用的一种组分为具有润滑粘度的油，就润滑剂组合物而言，其可以以主要量，或就浓缩物而言，以形成浓缩物的量存在。合适的油包括天然和合成润滑油及其混合物。在完全配制润滑剂中，具有润滑粘度的油一般以主要量(即大于50重量％的量)存在。通常，具有润滑粘度的油以组合物的75-95重量％，通常大于80重量％的量存在。
用于制备本发明润滑剂和官能流体的天然油包括动物油和植物油以及矿物润滑油如液体石油和链烷烃、环烷烃或者混合链烷烃/-环烷烃型的溶剂处理或酸处理的矿物润滑油，可将其通过加氢裂化和加氢精制方法进一步精炼。
合成润滑油包括烃油和卤素取代的烃油，例如聚合和共聚烯烃，也称为聚α-烯烃；聚苯；烷基化二苯醚；烷基-或二烷基苯；和烷基化二苯硫；及其衍生物、类似物和同系物。还包括氧化烯聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物，其中末端羟基已通过酯化或醚化改性。还包括二羧酸与多种醇的酯，或由C5-C12单羧酸和多元醇或多元醇醚制备的酯。其它合成油包括硅基油、含磷酸的液体酯和聚四氢呋喃。
天然和合成的未精炼、精炼和再精炼油可用于本技术(即当前公开的技术)的润滑剂中。未精炼油为不经进一步提纯处理，直接由天然或合成来源得到的那些。精炼油已在一个或多个提纯步骤中进一步处理以改善一种或多种性能。它们可例如被氢化，产生具有改善的抗氧化稳定性的油。
在一个实施方案中，具有润滑粘度的油为API组I、组II、组III、组IV或组V油，包括合成油，或其混合物。在另一实施方案中，油为组II、III、IV或V的。这些为API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines建立的分类。组III油含有＜0.03％硫和＞90％饱和物且具有＞120的粘度指数。组II油具有80-120的粘度指数且含有＜0.03％硫和＞90％饱和物。聚α-烯烃归类为组IV。油也可为衍生自蜡如疏松石蜡或费托合成蜡的加氢异构的油。这种“天然气合成(gas to liquid)”油通常表现为组III。组V包括“所有其它”(除组I外，其含有＞0.03％S和/或＜90％饱和物且具有80-120的粘度指数)。
在一个实施方案中，至少50重量％的具有润滑粘度的油为聚α-烯烃(PAO)。通常，聚α-烯烃衍生自具有4-30或4-20或6-16个碳原子的单体。有用的PAO的实例包括衍生自1-癸烯的那些。这些PAO可具有在100℃下1.5-150mm2/s(cSt)的粘度。PAO通常为氢化材料。
本技术的油可包括具有单一粘度范围的油或高粘度和低粘度范围油的混合物。在一个实施方案中，油显示出1或2至8或10mm2/sec(cSt)的100℃运动粘度。总润滑剂组合物可使用油和其它组分配制，使得在100℃下的粘度为1或1.5至10或15或20mm2/sec且在-40℃下的布氏粘度(ASTM-D-2983)为小于20或15Pa-s(20,000cP或15,000cP)，例如小于10Pa-s，甚至5或更小。
本技术提供羟基-聚羧酸或其混合物或其反应性等价物与N，N-二(烃基)亚烷基二胺的缩合产物作为一种组分，其中各个烃基独立地包含1-22个碳原子，条件是二烃基亚烷基二胺的两个烃基中的碳原子总数为至少9，或作为选择至少13，且亚烷基含有2-4个碳原子。在某些实施方案中，各个烃基独立地包含8-22个碳原子。在一个实施方案中，该材料不含伯氢基。该材料用作摩擦改进剂，特别用于润滑自动变速器。
羟基-聚羧酸的一个实例为2，3-二羟基丁二酸，其也称为酒石酸。另一实例为2-羟基丁二酸，其也称为苹果酸。又一实例为2-羟基丙烷-1，2，3-三羧酸，其也称为柠檬酸。这些材料中某些具有一个或多个手性中心，并可使用天然形式或其它形式。因此，酒石酸可以为L-酒石酸、D-酒石酸、DL-酒石酸，或内消旋酒石酸。苹果酸可以为L-苹果酸、D-苹果酸或DL-苹果酸。这些酸的反应性等价物包括可通过合适反应与胺形成缩合产物的材料。实例包括酐、酯和酸性卤化物如氯化物。在某些实施方案中，羟基-聚羧酸包括2，3-二羟基丁二酸或2-羟基丁二酸或其混合物或这类酸的反应性等价物。
在某些实施方案中，本技术缩合产物可由下式表示：
或其混合物；其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为具有1-22个原子的烃基如烷基，条件是R1和R2中的碳原子总数为至少约9或至少约13，且条件是R3和R4中的碳原子总数为至少约9或至少约13。在某些实施方案中，R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为具有8-22个原子的烃基如烷基。烃基或烷基在给定分子内或在总组合物的分子混合物内可以为相同或不同的。
在某些实施方案中，烃基可包含在相同或不同分子上的碳数一般属于8-22或12-22或12-20或12-20个碳原子范围内的各个基团的混合物，但是也可存在具有在该范围外的烃基的分子。如果存在烃基的混合物，则它们如衍生自许多天然存在材料的基团特征一样主要具有偶数碳数(如12、14、16、18、20或22)，或它们可以为偶数和奇数碳数的混合物，或作为选择，奇数碳数，或奇数的混合物。它们可以为支化、线性或环状的，且可以为饱和或不饱和的，或其组合。在某些实施方案中，烃基可含有16-18个碳原子，有时主要16或主要18。具体实例包括来自椰油胺的混合“椰油”基团(主要C12和C14胺)和来自牛脂胺的混合“牛脂”基团(主要C16和C18基团)，异硬脂基和2-乙基己基。
适于制备这类产物的二胺包括可由Akzo得到的DuomeenTM系列的那些，其具有一般结构如：
这类多胺可通过单胺R1R2NH加成在丙烯腈上以制备烷基腈胺(氰基烷基胺)：
其后例如使用H2在Pd/C催化剂下将腈基团催化还原以得到二胺而制备。
所述技术的材料的一些具体实例包括以下结构表示的那些：
其中椰油基和牛脂基如上所定义。这些材料各自已以酒石酰亚胺结构绘出，但应当理解还预期相应二酰胺。在二酰胺中，两个单独的胺组分可以为相同或不同的。另外，还预期相应苹果酰亚胺和苹果二酰胺。
完全配制润滑剂中缩合产物的量可以为0.05-10重量％，或0.1-10重量％，或0.5-6重量％或0.8-4重量％，或1-2.5重量％。
可存在其它组分。一种这类组分为分散剂。如果上述一些胺化合物可显示出一些分散剂特征，则它可描述为“不同于如上所述胺化合物的”。“羧酸分散剂”的实例描述于包括如下的许多美国专利中：3,219,666、3,316,177、3,340,281、3,351,552、3,381,022、3,433,744、3,444,170、3,467,668、3,501,405、3,542,680、3,576,743、3,632,511、4,234,435、Re 26,433和6,165,235。
琥珀酰亚胺分散剂，一种羧酸分散剂，如上所述通过烃基取代的琥珀酸酐(或其反应性等价物如酸、酰基卤或酯)与胺反应而制备。烃基取代基一般地含有平均至少8，或20，或30，或35至350，或至200，或至100个碳原子。在一个实施方案中，烃基衍生自聚烯烃。这类聚烯烃的特征可以为至少500的(数均分子量)。一般地，聚烯烃的特征在于500，或700，或800，或900至5000，或至2500，或至2000，或至1500的在另一实施方案中，为500，或700，或800，至1200或至1300。在一个实施方案中，多分散性为至少1.5。
聚烯烃包括具有2至16或至6，或至4个碳原子的可聚合烯烃单体的均聚物和共聚体。烯烃可以为单烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯和1-辛烯；或聚烯烃单体如二烯烃单体如1，3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。在一个实施方案中，共聚体为均聚物。聚合物的实例为聚丁烯。在一种情况下，约50％或至少50％的聚丁烯衍生自异丁烯。聚烯烃可通过常规程序制备。
在一个实施方案中，琥珀酸酰化剂通过使聚烯烃与过量马来酸酐反应以提供取代琥珀酸酰化剂而制备，其中对于每当量取代基，琥珀酸基团的数为至少1.3，例如1.5，或1.7，或1.8。每取代基的最大琥珀酸基团数一般不超过4.5，或2.5，或2.1，或2.0。其中取代基衍生自这类聚烯烃的取代琥珀酸酰化剂的制备和用途描述于美国专利4,234,435中。
取代琥珀酸酰化剂可与胺，包括上述那些胺和作为胺釜脚已知的重质胺产物反应。与酰化剂反应的胺的量通常为提供1∶2-1∶0.25，或1∶2-1∶0.75的CO∶N摩尔比的量。如果胺为伯胺，则可发生完全缩合成酰亚胺。也可存在变化量的酰胺产物如酰胺酸。然而，如果与醇反应，则所得分散剂为酯分散剂。如果存在胺和醇官能，无论是在单独的分子或在相同分子中(如在上述缩合胺中)，则可存在酰胺、酯和可能的酰亚胺官能的混合物。这些为所谓的酯-酰胺分散剂。
“胺分散剂”为相对高分子量脂族或脂环族卤化物和胺如聚亚烷基多胺的反应产物。其实例描述于以下美国专利中：3,275,554、3,438,757、3,454,555和3,565,804。
“曼尼希分散剂”为其中烷基含有至少30个碳原子的烷基酚与醛(尤其是甲醛)和胺(尤其是聚亚烷基多胺)的反应产物。以下美国专利所述材料是说明性的：3,036,003、3,236,770、3,414,347、3,448,047、3,461,172、3,539,633、3,586,629、3,591,598、3,634,515、3,725,480、3,726,882和3,980,569。
后处理分散剂也是本技术的一部分。它们一般通过使羧酸、胺或曼尼希分散剂与试剂如脲、硫脲、二硫化碳、醛、酮、羧酸、烃取代琥珀酸酐、腈、环氧化物、硼化合物如硼酸(以得到“硼酸化分散剂”)、磷化合物如含磷酸或酐或2，5-二巯基噻二唑(DMTD)反应得到。示范性这类材料描述于以下美国专利中：3,200,107、3,282,955、3,367,943、3,513,093、3,639,242、3,649,659、3,442,808、3,455,832、3,579,450、3,600,372、3,702,757和3,708,422。
也可使用分散剂的混合物。如果存在于本技术配制剂中，则一种或多种分散剂的量一般为0.3-10重量％。在其它实施方案中，分散剂的量为最终混合流体配制剂的0.5-7％或1-5％。在浓缩物中，量会成比例地更高。
其它常用组分为粘度改进剂。粘度改进剂(VM)和分散剂粘度改进剂(DVM)是熟知的。VM和DVM的实例可包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、苯乙烯-马来酸酯共聚物和类似的聚合物质，包括均聚物、共聚物和接枝共聚物。DVM可包括含氮甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物，例如衍生自甲基丙烯酸甲酯和二甲基氨基丙胺的含氮甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物。
市售的VM、DVM和它们的化学品类型的实例可包括如下：聚异丁烯(例如来自BP Amoco的IndopolTM或来自ExxonMobil的ParapolTM)；烯烃共聚物(例如来自Lubrizol的LubrizolTM 7060、7065和7067和来自Mitsui的LucantTM HC-2000L和HC-600)；氢化苯乙烯-二烯共聚物(例如来自Shell的ShellvisTM 40和50和来自Lubrizol的7308和7318)；苯乙烯/马来酸酯共聚物，其为分散剂共聚物(例如来自Lubrizol的3702和3715)；聚甲基丙烯酸酯，其中一些具有分散剂性能(例如来自RohMax的ViscoplexTM系列，来自Afton的粘度指数改进剂的HitecTM系列中的那些，和来自Lubrizol的LZ 7702TM、LZ 7727TM、LZ 7725TM和LZ 7720CTM)；烯烃-接枝-聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物(例如来自RohMax的ViscoplexTM 2-500和2-600)；和氢化聚异戊二烯星形聚合物(例如来自Shell的ShellvisTM 200和260)。还包括来自Lubrizol的AstericTM聚合物(具有放射状或星形结构的甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物)。可使用的粘度改进剂描述于美国专利5,157,088、5,256,752和5,395,539中。VM和/或DVM可以以至多20重量％的浓度用于官能流体中。可使用1-12％，或3-10重量％的浓度。
可用于本技术所用组合物中的其它组分为辅助摩擦改进剂。这些摩擦改进剂为本领域技术人员熟知的。一列可使用的摩擦改进剂包括在美国专利4,792,410、5,395,539、5,484,543和6,660,695中。美国专利5,110,488公开了用作摩擦改进剂的脂肪酸的金属盐，尤其是锌盐。一列可使用的辅助摩擦改进剂可包括：
一及其两种或更多种的混合物。
这些类型的摩擦改进剂各自的代表是已知的且为市售的。例如脂肪亚磷酸酯可一般地具有式(RO)2PHO或(RO)(HO)PHO，其中R可以为具有足以赋予油溶性的长度的烷基或链烯基。合适的亚磷酸酯为市售的且可如美国专利4,752,416所述合成。
可使用的硼酸化脂肪环氧化物公开于加拿大专利No.1,188,704中。这些油溶性含硼组合物可通过使硼来源如硼酸或三氧化硼与可含有至少8个碳原子的脂肪环氧化物反应而制备。未硼酸化脂肪环氧化物也可用作辅助摩擦改进剂。
可使用的硼酸化胺公开于美国专利4,622,158中。硼酸化胺摩擦改进剂(包括硼酸化烷氧基化脂肪胺)可通过如上所述硼酸化合物与相应胺，包括简单的脂肪胺和含羟基的叔胺反应而制备。用于制备硼酸化胺的胺包括由商品名“ETHOMEEN”已知并可由Akzo Nobel得到的商业烷氧基化脂肪胺，例如双[2-羟乙基]-椰油胺、聚氧乙烯[10]椰油胺、双[2-羟乙基]大豆胺、双[2-羟乙基]-牛脂胺、聚氧乙烯-[5]牛脂胺、双[2-羟乙基]油胺、双[2-羟乙基]十八胺和聚氧乙烯[15]十八胺。这类胺描述于美国专利4,741,848中。
烷氧基化脂肪胺和脂肪胺本身(如油胺)可用作摩擦改进剂。这些胺为市售的。
硼酸化和未硼酸化的甘油脂肪酸酯可用作摩擦改进剂。硼酸化的甘油脂肪酸酯可通过将甘油脂肪酸酯用硼来源如硼酸进行硼酸化而制备。甘油脂肪酸酯本身可通过多种本领域中熟知的方法制备。这些酯中许多，例如单油酸甘油酯和牛脂酸甘油酯在商业规模上生产。商业单油酸甘油酯可含有45-55重量％单酯和55-45重量％二酯的混合物。
脂肪酸可用于制备以上甘油酯中；它们也可用于制备它们的金属盐、酰胺和咪唑啉中，其中任一种也可用作摩擦改进剂。脂肪酸可含有6-24个碳原子，或8-18个碳原子。有用的酸可以为油酸。
脂肪酸的酰胺可以为通过与氨或与伯或仲胺如二乙胺和二乙醇胺缩合而制备的那些。脂肪咪唑啉可包括酸与二胺或多胺如聚亚烷基多胺的环状缩合产物。在一个实施方案中，摩擦改进剂可以为C8-C24脂肪酸与聚亚烷基多胺的缩合产物，例如异硬脂酸与四亚乙基五胺的产物。羧酸和聚亚烷基胺的缩合产物可以为咪唑啉或酰胺。
脂肪酸也可作为其金属盐如锌盐存在。这些锌盐可以为酸性、中性或碱性(高碱性)的。这些盐可由含锌试剂与羧酸或其盐的反应而制备。有用的制备这些盐的方法为使氧化锌与羧酸反应。有用的羧酸为上文所述那些。合适的羧酸包括式RCOOH那些，其中R为脂族或脂环族烃基。尤其是其中R为脂肪基团如硬脂基、油基、亚油基或棕榈基的那些。合适的还有其中锌以与制备中性盐所需的量相比化学计量过量存在的锌盐。可使用其中锌以1.1-1.8倍化学计量，例如1.3-1.6倍化学计量量的锌存在的锌。这些羧酸锌为本领域中已知的且描述于美国专利3,367,869中。金属盐也可包括钙盐。实例可包括高碱性钙盐。
硫化烯烃也是已知用作摩擦改进剂的商业材料。合适的硫化烯烃为根据美国专利4,957,651和4,959,168的详细教导制备的一种。其中描述两种或更多种选自如下的反应物的共硫化混合物：至少一种多元醇的脂肪酸酯、至少一种脂肪酸、至少一种烯烃和至少一种一元醇的脂肪酸酯。烯烃组分可以为通常含4-40个碳原子的脂族烯烃。这些烯烃的混合物也是市售的。用于本发明技术方法中的硫化剂包括元素硫、硫化氢、卤化硫加硫化钠，和硫化氢和硫或二氧化硫的混合物。
烷基水杨酸酯的金属盐包括长链(例如C12-C16)烷基取代的水杨酸的钙和其它盐。
烷基磷酸的胺盐包括磷酸的油基和其它长链酯与胺如叔脂族伯胺的盐，其在商品名PrimeneTM下出售。
如果存在的话，辅助摩擦改进剂的量可以为润滑组合物的0.1-1.5重量％，例如0.2-1.0重量％或0.25-0.75重量％。然而，在一些实施方案中，辅助摩擦改进剂以小于0.2重量％或小于0.1重量％，例如0.01-0.1重量％的量存在。
本技术组合物也可包含清净剂。如本文所用清净剂为有机酸的金属盐。清净剂的有机酸部分可以为磺酸根、羧酸根、酚盐或水杨酸根。清净剂的金属部分可以为碱金属或碱土金属。合适的金属包括钠、钙、钾和镁。通常，清净剂为高碱性的，意指存在与形成中性金属盐所需相比化学计量过量的金属碱。
合适的高碱性有机盐包括具有足够亲油性质且由有机材料形成的磺酸盐。有机磺酸盐为润滑剂和清净剂领域中熟知的材料。磺酸盐化合物应含有平均10-40个碳原子，例如平均12-36个碳原子或14-32个碳原子。类似地，酚盐、水杨酸盐和羧酸盐具有足够亲油性质。
尽管本技术考虑碳原子为芳族的或为烷烃构型，在某些实施方案中，使用烷基化芳烃。尽管可使用萘基材料，所选择的芳族为苯结构部分。
合适的组合物因此包含高碱性单磺酸化烷基化苯如单烷基化苯。烷基苯部分可由釜脚来源得到且为单-或二-烷基化的。在本技术中认为单烷基化芳烃在总体性能上优于二烷基化芳烃。
理想的是在本技术中使用单烷基化芳烃(苯)的混合物以得到单烷基化盐(苯磺酸盐)。其中组合物的主要部分含有丙烯的聚合物作为烷基来源的混合物有助于盐的溶解度。单官能(如单磺酸化)材料的使用避免了分子与来自润滑剂的较少盐沉淀交联。
盐可以为“高碱性的”。高碱性意指金属碱相对于中性盐的阴离子所需化学计量过量地存在。来自高碱性的过量金属具有可在润滑剂中建立的中和酸的效果。通常，过量金属相对于中和阴离子所需以当量计算至多30∶1，例如5∶1-18∶1的比例存在。
用于组合物中的高碱性盐的量通常基于无油为0.025-3重量％，如0.1-1.0重量％。在其它实施方案中，最终润滑组合物可不含清净剂或基本不含清净剂或仅含少量清净剂。即例如对于钙高碱性清净剂，量可以例如提供小于250份/百万份钙，例如0-250或1-200或10-150或20-100或30-50份/百万份钙，或小于前述任何非0量。这与可含有足以提供300-600ppm钙的钙清净剂的较常规配制剂形成对比。高碱性盐通常构成至多约50％油且基于无油，具有10-800或10-600的TBN。硼酸化和未硼酸化高碱性清净剂描述于美国专利5,403,501和4,792,410中。
本技术组合物还可包含量为0.002-1.0重量％的至少一种含磷酸(phosphorus acid)、含磷酸盐(phosphorus acid salt)、含磷酸酯(phosphorusacid ester)或其衍生物，包括含硫类似物。含磷酸、盐、酯或其衍生物包括磷酸、亚磷酸、含磷酸酯或其盐、亚磷酸盐、含磷酰胺、含磷羧酸或酯、含磷醚及其混合物。
在一个实施方案中，含磷酸、酯或衍生物可以为有机或无机含磷酸、含磷酸酯、含磷酸盐或其衍生物。含磷酸包括磷酸、膦酸、亚膦酸和硫代磷酸，包括二硫代磷酸以及单硫代磷酸、硫代亚膦酸和硫代膦酸。一组磷化合物为如下式表示的烷基磷酸单烷基伯胺盐：
其中R1、R2、R3为烷基或烃基，或R1和R2中一个可以为H。材料通常为二烷基和单烷基磷酸酯的1∶1混合物。这类化合物描述于美国专利5,354,484中。
85％磷酸为适于加入完全配制组合物中的材料，并可以以基于组合物的重量0.01-0.3重量％，如0.03重量％至0.2重量％或至0.1重量％的水平包含在内。磷酸可与碱性组分例如琥珀酰亚胺分散剂形成盐。
可存在的其它含磷材料包括二烷基亚磷酸酯(有时称为二烷基膦酸氢盐)如亚磷酸二丁酯。又一磷材料包括硫代磷酸的磷酸化羟基取代三酯及其胺盐，以及不含硫的羟基取代的磷酸二酯、不含硫的磷酸化羟基取代的磷酸二酯或三酯，及其胺盐。这些材料进一步描述于美国专利申请US 2008-0182770中。
其它材料可任选包含在本技术组合物中，条件是它们不会与上述所需组分或规格不相容。这类材料包括抗氧化剂(即氧化抑制剂)，包括受阻酚抗氧化剂、仲芳族胺抗氧化剂如二壬基二苯胺以及这类熟知变体如单壬基二苯胺和具有其它烷基取代基如单-或二-辛基的二苯胺、硫化酚类抗氧化剂、油溶性铜化合物、含磷抗氧化剂，和有机硫化物、二硫化物和多硫化物如2-羟基烷基、烷基硫醚或1-叔十二烷硫基-2-丙醇或硫化4-碳丁氧基环己烯或其它硫化烯烃。还可包括腐蚀抑制剂如甲苯基三唑和二巯基噻二唑和这类材料的油溶性衍生物。其它任选组分包括密封溶胀剂如异癸基环丁砜或邻苯二甲酸酸酯，其用于保持密封柔韧性。还容许倾点下降剂如烷基萘、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯/富马酸酯或/马来酸酯共聚物，和苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物。其它材料为抗磨剂如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、己二酸十三烷基酯，和羟基羧酸的各种长链衍生物，例如如美国申请2006-0183647所述的酒石酸酯、酒石酰胺、酒石酰亚胺和柠檬酸酯。这些任选材料为本领域技术人员已知的，一般为市售的，且更详细地描述于出版的欧洲专利申请761,805中。还可包括已知的材料如腐蚀抑制剂(如甲苯基三唑、二巯基噻二唑)、染料、硫化剂、气味掩蔽剂和消泡剂。也可包括有机硼酸酯和有机硼酸盐。
以上组分可以为完全配制润滑剂的形式或在更少量润滑油内的浓缩物的形式。如果它们以浓缩物存在，则它们的浓度一般地与它们在最终共混物中更稀形式的浓度直接成比例。
如本文所用，术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”以其本领域技术人员熟知的常用意义使用。具体而言，它指具有直接连接在分子其余部分上的碳原子且主要具有烃性质的基团。烃基的实例包括：
烃取代基，即脂族(例如烷基或链烯基)、脂环族(例如环烷基、环烯基)取代基，和芳族-、脂族-和脂环族取代的芳族取代基，以及其中环通过该分子的另一部分完成(例如两个取代基一起形成环)的环状取代基；
取代的烃取代基，即含有在本技术上下文中不改变取代基的主要烃性质的非烃基团(例如卤素(尤其是氯和氟)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和亚硫酰基(sulphoxy))的取代基；
杂取代基，即在本技术上下文中，在具有主要烃性质的同时在由碳原子组成的环或链中含有不同于碳的杂原子的取代基，包括取代基如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基。杂原子包括硫、氧和氮。一般而言，对于每10个碳原子，在烃基中存在不多于2，或不多于1个非烃取代基；通常，烃基中不存在非烃取代基。
已知一些上述材料在最终配制剂中可能相互作用，使得最终配制剂的组分可能与起初加入的那些不同。例如，金属离子(例如清净剂的)可迁移到其它分子的其它酸性或阴离子部位中。由此形成的产品，包括经以其意欲用途使用本发明组合物而形成的产品可能不容易描述。然而，所有这类改进和反应产物均包括在本技术的范围内；本技术包括通过将上述组分混合而制备的组合物。
实施例
制备实施例A.合成以上结构(I)表示的材料：Duomeen 2HTTM的酒石酰亚胺。将96.9gDL-酒石酸和1050mL二甲苯在氮气气氛下随着搅拌结合。将混合物加热至140℃，并向其中经约12小时加入376.6g Duomeen2HTTM(N，N-二牛脂氨基丙胺)。然后将混合物在140℃下加热并搅拌11小时，通过蒸馏除去挥发物。使混合物冷却。使用旋转式蒸发器在降低的压力下除去任何剩余溶剂。
制备实施例B.Duomeen 2HTTM的苹果酰亚胺。将74.5g苹果酸和250mL甲苯在1L烧瓶中混合。将混合物加热至110℃并通过添加漏斗经6小时期间逐滴加入324.3g Duomeen 2HT。将混合物在110℃下搅拌另外2小时，然后加热至约115℃至少16小时。在110℃下在真空(2.67Pa，20mmHg)下经2小时除去溶剂。
制备实施例C.Duomeen 2HTTM酒石二酰胺。将502.7g Duomeen 2HT和100mL二甲苯在氮气气氛下随着搅拌结合。将该混合物加热至170℃并经约3.5小时向其中加入72.5g酒石酸(借助固体添加斗)。然后将混合物在170℃下加热并搅拌7小时，通过蒸馏除去挥发物。然后使混合物冷却。使用旋转式蒸发器在降低的压力下除去任何剩余溶剂。
基本配制剂A：
3.5％琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(含约41.5％油)
0.2％亚磷酸二丁酯
0.1％磷酸
0.9％胺抗氧化剂
0.4％密封溶胀剂
0.2％倾点下降剂
9.5％分散剂粘度改进剂(含25％油)
0.01％其它微量组分
余量：矿物油(主要3-6cSt)
用于试验的润滑剂通过将一种下表所示试验材料加入所述基本配制剂中而制备。使所得润滑剂经受VSFT试验，这是变速摩擦试验。VSFT设备由可以为金属或其它摩擦材料的盘组成，其相对于金属表面旋转。具体试验中所用摩擦材料为如表中所示常用于自动变速器中的各种商业摩擦材料。试验在三个温度和两个载荷水平下进行。在恒定压力下经大量速度扫掠相对于滑动速度(50和200r.p.m.)绘出通过VSFT测量的摩擦系数。结果首先显示为由0至52小时在4小时间隔时测定，对于40、80和120℃和24kg和40kg(235和392N)力报告的作为时间函数的μ-v曲线的斜度。通常，斜度起初为正的，具有一定量的可变性，并可逐渐降低，在一定时间期间以后可能变为负的。较长的正斜度持续时间是理想的。
对于各个程，首先收集数据作为为时间函数的斜度值的表。为了容易分析和比较，各个温度下的各个配制剂指定为“斜度得分”。在各个温度下，在24kg下第一个7次测量(0-24小时)和在40kg下第一个7次测量(因此总计14次测量)的斜度值分数为正数，作为百分数，表示为“A”。在第二个24小时(28-52小时)内在两个压力下的斜度值分数(总计14次测量)为正数，表示为“B”。斜度得分定义为A+2B。对于后一部分试验给出的额外称重发映出制备在稍后试验阶段中保持正斜度的耐久流体的更加重要性(和难度)。300的最大得分表示在整个试验中显示出一贯正斜度的流体。为了说明，对于在配制剂A中0.25％的制备实施例A的各个斜度结果与“斜度得分”一起显示于下面。
制备实施例A，0.25％，40℃，配制剂A
下表提供以上制备实施例的某些材料的“斜度得分”汇总：
a.摩擦材料：RaybestosTM 4211或Borg WarnerTM 6100
b.参比实施例
d.油基酒石酰亚胺
结果显示本发明技术材料的理想摩擦性能，特别是与不存在它们的基本配制剂相比。结果还显示与0.25％相比，在0.5％或更大如1.0或2.5％的相对较高的浓度下有时得到更好的性能。性能还优于参比材料，油基酒石酰亚胺。
通过引用将以上参考的各文件结合到本文中。任何文件的提到不是承认该文件取得现有技术资格或构成本领域技术人员的常识。除实施例中，或另外明确说明外，在本说明书中描述材料的量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的所有数量应当理解被措辞“约”修饰。除非另有说明，本文提及的各个化学品或组合物应当理解为可含有异构体、副产物、衍生物和通常应当理解存在于商品级中的其它这类材料的商品级材料。然而，除非另有说明，各个化学组分的量表示为排除了通常可存在于商业材料中的任何溶剂或稀释油。应当理解本文所述量、范围和比的上限和下限可独立地组合。类似地，本发明各个元素的范围和量可以与任何其它元素的范围或量一起使用。如本文所用，表述“基本由...组成”容许包括不实质上影响所考虑的组合物的基本和新特征的物质。
Claims (8)
1.一种润滑自动变速器的方法，其包括向所述自动变速器提供:
(a)具有润滑粘度的油；和
(b)一种包含羟基-聚羧酸或其混合物或其反应性等价物与N,N-二(烃基)亚烷基二胺的缩合产物的组合物，
其中缩合产物为下式表示的材料：
或
或
或
或其混合物；
其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为具有1至22个原子的烷基，条件是R1和R2中的碳原子总数为至少13，且R3和R4中的碳原子总数为至少13。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中缩合产物包括二酰胺或酰亚胺或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物，其中R1、R2、R3和R4为具有牛脂胺或椰油胺特征的烷基。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物，其中形成缩合产物的酸包含酒石酸。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物，其中形成缩合产物的胺包含N,N-二烷基-1,3-丙二胺。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物，其中缩合产物的量为0.05-10重量％。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物，其进一步包含至少一种选自分散剂、清净剂、抗氧化剂、密封溶胀剂和抗磨剂的其它添加剂。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物，其进一步包含至少一种选自有机硼酸酯、有机硼酸盐、有机含磷酯、有机磷盐、无机含磷酸和无机磷盐的添加剂。
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| US61/177,734 | 2009-05-13 | ||
| PCT/US2010/034163 WO2010132318A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2010-05-10 | Imides and bis-amides as friction modifiers in lubricants |
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| ES2580780T3 (es) | 2009-05-13 | 2016-08-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricante para motor de combustión interna |
| WO2010132320A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing a malic acid derivative |
| CA2772116A1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition including a phosphite and a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid |
| CN103459570A (zh) * | 2011-02-16 | 2013-12-18 | 路博润公司 | 润滑组合物以及润滑传动系装置的方法 |
| BR112013029108A2 (pt) * | 2011-05-12 | 2017-02-07 | Lubrizol Corp | imidas e ésteres aromáticos como aditivos de lubrificantes |
| AU2014226441B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2017-08-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Limited slip friction modifiers for differentials |
| WO2016164345A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricants containing quaternary ammonium compounds |
| EP3115408B1 (de) | 2015-07-08 | 2018-01-31 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verbesserung der fliessfähigkeit von thermisch leitfähigen polycarbonatzusammensetzungen |
| GB2567456B (en) | 2017-10-12 | 2021-08-11 | Si Group Switzerland Chaa Gmbh | Antidegradant blend |
| WO2019079170A1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | Lanxess Solutions Us Inc. | IMPROVED PERFORMANCE SYNERGY AND RETENTION WITH A COMBINATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND ORGANIC FRICTION COEFFICIENT MODIFIERS |
| GB201807302D0 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2018-06-20 | Addivant Switzerland Gmbh | Antidegradant blend |
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| US4237022A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1980-12-02 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartarimides and lubricants and fuels containing the same |
| US4446038A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-05-01 | Texaco, Inc. | Citric imide acid compositions and lubricants containing the same |
| US4741848A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-05-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Boron-containing compositions, and lubricants and fuels containing same |
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| US3251853A (en) | 1962-02-02 | 1966-05-17 | Lubrizol Corp | Oil-soluble acylated amine |
| US4789493A (en) | 1986-02-05 | 1988-12-06 | Mobil Oil Co | Lubricants containing n-alkylalkylenediamine amides |
| KR101022920B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-12 | 2011-03-16 | 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 | 변속기용 윤활유에 항진동 성능 향상과 높은 정지 마찰을제공하기 위한 마찰 개질제 |
| US20060079412A1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids with enhanced antishudder durability and handling characteristics |
| US7807611B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2010-10-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartaric acid derivatives as fuel economy improvers and antiwear agents in crankcase oils and preparation thereof |
| US7651987B2 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2010-01-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartaric acid derivatives as fuel economy improvers and antiwear agents in crankcase oils and preparation thereof |
| US8093191B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2012-01-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Engine lubricant for improved fuel economy |
| US20090005277A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Watts Raymond F | Lubricating Oils Having Improved Friction Stability |
| ES2580780T3 (es) | 2009-05-13 | 2016-08-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricante para motor de combustión interna |
| WO2010132320A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing a malic acid derivative |
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| US4237022A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1980-12-02 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartarimides and lubricants and fuels containing the same |
| US4446038A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-05-01 | Texaco, Inc. | Citric imide acid compositions and lubricants containing the same |
| US4741848A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-05-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Boron-containing compositions, and lubricants and fuels containing same |
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| CA2761609C (en) | 2017-09-19 |
| KR101703368B1 (ko) | 2017-02-06 |
| US9006156B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
| EP2430134A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| EP2430134B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| CN102803449A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
| BRPI1012768A2 (pt) | 2018-01-30 |
| JP2012526898A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
| CA2761609A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| JP5630922B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
| KR20120036837A (ko) | 2012-04-18 |
| WO2010132318A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
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