CN1367745A - 用于驱动车辆的电源系统 - Google Patents

用于驱动车辆的电源系统 Download PDF

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CN1367745A
CN1367745A CN00811074A CN00811074A CN1367745A CN 1367745 A CN1367745 A CN 1367745A CN 00811074 A CN00811074 A CN 00811074A CN 00811074 A CN00811074 A CN 00811074A CN 1367745 A CN1367745 A CN 1367745A
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CN1210175C (zh
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山田淳
山田良昭
佐佐木勉
佐佐木正和
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UD Trucks Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明如下所示地通过减小构成蓄电装置的多个电容器间的电位零散,最大限度地确保蓄电功率。即在蓄电装置中并联地装入多个电容器组,与流过蓄电装置的电流对应,使上述各电容器组中的一部分休止,在休止的上述电容器组中使各电容器并联电路的电荷个别地放电,从而使上述各电容器并联电路的端子间电压均匀化。

Description

用于驱动车辆的电源系统
技术领域
本发明涉及在蓄电装置中用多个电容器的用于驱动车辆的电源系统。
背景技术
搭载在备有作为动力源的电动机的车辆上的蓄电装置反复进行当车辆加速时和均速行进时的放电，与制动时的充电。作为适合这种用途的蓄电装置，我们知道用多个电容器的，例如在电路上分成2层的电容元件的装置。在平成8年公开的日本专利公报8-168182号已经揭示了用这种电容器的电源装置。
图7概略地表示作为搭载在串联式混合型车辆上的蓄电装置的，用电容器的电源系统的众所周知的技术。引擎1驱动发电机2，通过整流器3将由发电机2发电产生的电功率供给蓄电装置4，同时通过变换器5供给用于行驶的马达6。用于行驶的马达6驱动图中未画出的车轮。在图中，8是由化学电池构成的辅助蓄电装置，7是对辅助蓄电装置8进行充电的DC-DC变换器，9是候补装置。蓄电装置4是将多个电容器41，42，43......串联连接起来，用电容器置换已有的化学二次电池的系统。加速时或均速行驶时，用发电机2产生的一部分电功率或全部电功率对蓄电装置4进行充电，通过变换器5将发电机2产生的电功率和蓄电装置4的电功率供给用于行驶的马达6。制动时，通过变换器5将用于行驶的马达6中发生的电功率回授给蓄电装置4。
可是，因为各电容器41，42，43，......的静电容量是零散的，所以当蓄电装置4反复进行充电放电时，存在着各电容器41，42，43，......的一部分变得过充电，过放电或逆充电，从而使这些电容器恶化那样的问题。作为解决这个问题的对策，限制电容器41，42，43，......的端子间电压的范围，大幅度减少与端子间电压平方成比例的静电能量。
发明内容
本发明是备有将多个电容器串联连接起来的多个电容器组并联连接起来构成的蓄电装置，与流过上述蓄电装置的电流对应，使上述多个电容器组中的至少一个休止的电容器组休止装置，使上述各电容器的电荷个别地放电的个别放电电路，和通过使在休止的上述电容器组中的上述各电容器的电荷个别地放电，使上述各电容器的端子间电压均匀化的放电控制装置的用于驱动车辆的电源系统。
如果根据本发明，即便各电容器的静电容量等是零散的，也能够通过减小各电容器间的电位零散最大限度地确保蓄电功率，零散是指和标准值相比有偏离。又，即便蓄电装置反复进行充电放电，通过在能够使电容器组中的至少一个休止的运转条件下，减小各电容器间的电位零散，也能够防止各电容器的一部分过充电，过放电或逆充电。因此，能够达到蓄电装置的高效率化，实现长寿命的用于驱动车辆的电源系统。
在本发明中，上述电容器组，具有使多个电容器串联连接起来的构成并且备有与电源电路并联连接的电容器串联电路，和使配置在上述各电容器串联电路的同一个串联段中的电容器并联连接起来的电容器并联电路，同时上述个别放电电路具有通过使上述各电容器并联电路的电荷个别地放电，使各个端子间电压均匀化的构成。
因此，即便各电容器并联电路的静电容量等是零散的，也能够通过减小各电容器并联电路间的电位零散最大限度地确保蓄电功率。
在本发明中，备有检测上述各电容器并联电路的端子间电压的个别电压检测电路，上述电容器组休止装置具有使被检测出电容器并联电路的端子间电压零散大的电容器组休止的构成。通过检测各电容器并联电路的端子间电压，使被检测出电容器并联电路的端子间电压零散大的电容器组休止，能够高效率地减少各电容器间的电位的零散。
在本发明中，备有检测各电容器并联电路的端子间电压的个别电压检测电路，上述电容器组休止装置具有使各电容器并联电路放电到端子间电压的平均值的构成。通过检测各电容器并联电路的端子间电压，使各电容器并联电路一直放电到端子间电压的平均值，能够高效率地减少各电容器间的电位零散。
在本发明中，具有备有检测由个别放电电路形成的上述电容器放电状态的放电状态检测装置的构成。通过检测由个别放电电路形成的电容器放电状态，能够高效率地减少各电容器间的电位零散。
附图说明
第1图是根据本发明的电动汽车的电源系统的实施形态的概念图。
第2图是上述电源系统的蓄电装置的构成图。
第3图是上述蓄电装置的第1电容器组的电路图。
第4图是上述蓄电装置的并联监视电路的电路图。
第5图是表示上述蓄电装置的控制内容的程序操作图。
第6图是表示上述蓄电装置的控制内容的程序操作图。
第7图是已有电动汽车的电源系统的构成图。
具体实施方式
第1图表示将本发明应用于搭载在串联式混合型车辆上的蓄电装置的电源系统的实施形态。在第1图中，引擎1驱动发电机2，通过电源电路14，15从整流器3将由发电机2发电产生的电功率供给蓄电装置4，同时通过变换器5供给用于行驶的马达6。在蓄电装置4和变换器5之间装入了由双向升降压的削波电路构成的电流泵10，当驱动用于行驶的马达6时，控制到变换器5的输出电压，使它具有恒定值，当用于行驶的马达6再生发电时或发电机2发电时，控制到蓄电装置4的充电电流，使它具有适当的值。用于行驶的马达6驱动图中未画出的车轮。在图1中，8是构成化学电池的辅助蓄电装置，7是对辅助蓄电装置8进行充电的DC-DC变换器，9是候补装置。
图2所示的车辆控制装置36备有微计算机及其外围装置，与车辆的运转条件相对应，控制引擎1的运转，通过整流器3控制发电功率，同时通过变换器5控制用于行驶的马达6的旋转数和输出转矩或再生发电功率等。
上面表示了可以应用本发明的混合型车辆的基本构成例，本发明的目的是减少构成装在这种混合型车辆上的蓄电装置4的各电容器21之间的电位零散，最大限度地确保蓄电装置4的蓄电功率。
本发明在蓄电装置4上分别备有由约1000个电容器21构成的第1电容器组12和第2电容器组13。至少需要设置这样两个电容器组。通过保险丝45和开关16在上述第1，第2电容器组12，13和电源电路14之间装入各电流泵10，电源电路14通过分线盒17与整流器3和变换器5等连接。
如图3所示，第1电容器组12在电源电路14，15之间备有n个并联装入的电容器串联电路22。在各电容器串联电路22中串联地装入着m个电容器21。所以，第1电容器组12是由共计m×n个电容器21构成的。此外，第2电容器组13也是与第1电容器组12同样地构成的。
电容器管理系统37备有微计算机及其外围装置，与车辆控制装置36之间交换信息，通过各电流泵10控制第1，第2电容器组12，13的充电放电。此外，电容器管理系统37能够与车辆控制装置36结合在一起。
配置在各电容器串联电路22的同一个串联段中的n个电容器21备有m个并联装入的电容器并联电路23，备有检测各电容器并联电路23的端子间电压的个别电压检测电路35，并且还备有通过使各电容器并联电路23的电荷放电，调节其端子间电压的个别放电电路25。
如图4所示，个别放电电路25是由稳压二极管26，用于放电的晶体管28，34，电阻29～32和光电耦合器27等构成的。稳压二极管26(程控分路调整器)26使电容器并联电路23的端子间电压上升到由电容器管理系统37指示的所定值以上并进行通电，通过电阻32和用于放电的晶体管28使电容器并联电路23的电荷放电，同时当该放电时通过光电耦合器27向电容器管理系统37输出信号。此外，光电耦合器27相当于本发明的放电状态检测装置。
电容器管理系统37判定可以使第1，第2电容器组12，13中的一方休止的运转状态，通过电流泵10和开关16使第1，第2电容器组12，13中各电容器并联电路23的端子间电压的零散大的一方休止，进行通过使端子间电压高的电容器并联电路23的电荷放电实现端子间电压均匀化的控制。
第5图，第6图的程序操作图表示上述控制程序，图中表示的处理由电容器管理系统37周期地实施。即，在步骤1预置后述的各标志，在步骤2评价第1，第2电容器组12，13中各串联段的电容器21的端子间电压零散的大小，然后，当第1电容器组12的零散大于所定值时，设置标志A，当第2电容器组13的零散大于所定值时，设置标志B(步骤3～6)。
当设置标志A或B时，测定第1，第2电容器组12，13的输入输出电流，判定可以使这个输入输出电流在所定值以下的第1，第2电容器组12，13中的一方休止的运转状态(步骤7，9，10)。
当在能使第1，第2电容器组12，13中一方休止的运转状态中时，使第1，第2电容器组12，13中端子间电压的零散大的一方的电流泵10停止，通过个别放电电路25个别地使各电容器并联电路23的电荷放电，使端子间电压接近测定的平均值(步骤12～15)。
当脱离能使第1，第2电容器组12，13中一方休止的运转状态时，使个别放电电路25停止工作，使电流泵10再次开始工作，清除标志A，B(步骤16～19)。
另一方面，当不设置标志A和B时，或不能使第1，第2电容器组12，13休止时，绕过上述处理，伴随着断开点火开关，结束本程序(步骤7，8，10，11)。
此外，步骤9～14的处理与本发明的电容器组停止装置相当，步骤15的处理与本发明的放电控制装置相当。
因此，即便各电容器21的静电容量等是零散的，通过减小各电容器21的之间的电位零散，也能够最大限度地确保蓄电功率。因为蓄电装置4备有2×m×n个电容器21，所以各电容器21的静电容量为C，耐压为Vmax时，存储在蓄电装置4中静电能量的最大值Emax由下列公式表示。
Emax＝2×m×n×C×Vmax2/2
又，即便反复进行蓄电装置4的充电放电，通过减小各电容器21之间的电位零散，能够防止使各电容器21的一部分过充电，过放电或逆充电，从而能够实现长寿命的电源系统。
上述实施形态是以串联式混合型电动汽车为前提的，但是本发明也可以适用于从并联式混合型电动汽车，不搭载发电机的电动汽车，和用燃料电池作电源的电动汽车开始的其它电动汽车的电源系统。

Claims (5)

1.用于驱动车辆的电源系统，它备有
具有将多个电容器串联连接起来的多个电容器组并联连接起来的构成的蓄电装置，
与流过上述蓄电装置的电流对应，使上述多个电容器组中至少一个休止的电容器组休止装置，
使上述各电容器的电荷个别地放电的个别放电电路，和
通过在休止的上述电容器组中使上述各电容器的电荷个别地放电，使上述各电容器的端子间电压均匀化的放电控制装置。
2.权利要求项1记载的用于驱动车辆的电源系统，其中
上述电容器组备有
具有将多个电容器串联连接起来的构成并且与电源电路并联连接的电容器串联电路，和
将配置在上述各电容器串联电路的同一个串联段中的电容器并联地连接起来的电容器并联电路，并且
上述个别放电电路具有通过使上述各电容器并联电路的电荷个别地放电，使各个端子间电压均匀化的构成。
3.权利要求项2记载的用于驱动车辆的电源系统，其中
备有检测上述各电容器并联电路的端子间电压的个别电压检测电路，
上述电容器组休止装置具有使被检测出电容器并联电路的端子间电压零散大的电容器组休止的构成。
4.权利要求项3记载的用于驱动车辆的电源系统，其中
备有检测各电容器并联电路的端子间电压的个别电压检测电路，
上述放电装置具有使各电容器并联电路放电到端子间电压的平均值的构成。
5.权利要求项1到4中任何一项记载的用于驱动车辆的电源系统，它备有
检测由上述个别放电电路形成的上述电容器的放电状态的放电状态检测装置。
CNB008110743A 1999-08-02 2000-03-30 用于驱动车辆的电源系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1210175C (zh)

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