CN1358160A - 用于在轿车和载重汽车中感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件 - Google Patents
用于在轿车和载重汽车中感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Abstract
提出一种用于感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件,其中,它具有一个基本上内置的绝缘层(9;10)和两个由一种陶瓷复合组织组成的外置的导体层(8),其中,导体层在电阻元件的尖端(11)上相互连接,陶瓷复合组织包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和氧化钇,或者包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和一种由SixOyCzNw构成的基体相,其中,x表示1－2,y表示0－2,z表示0－2并且w表示0－2。此外,还提出一种由该电阻元件和例如一个炽热头引火塞组成的组合元件(3)。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于在轿车和载重汽车中感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件。此外，本发明还涉及一种由这种电阻元件与一个功能元件组成的组合元件，以用于内燃机的燃烧室中。
技术水平
在1400℃以下使用范围内使用的用于感测温度的耐热材料在机械性方面是不稳定的，因此，一般不能够作为自支承的温度传感器元件使用，它们通常装在保护管里，或者装在衬底上或衬底之间。在这里，大多数采用陶瓷衬底。已知的、适合于废气的温度传感器是通常由Pt/PtRh或Ni/CrNi的贵金属丝制成的热电偶，其接线腿相互绝缘地放在陶瓷管里，其接触点通过一个金属外壳或者陶瓷外壳被保护，或者通过焊入炽热头引火塞的金属外壳里受到保护。此外，还知道作为厚层叠式热电偶或者薄层叠式热电偶构成的温度传感器，在这种温度传感器中，对温度敏感的功能层被蒸发或者烧结到衬底上面或者衬底之间。这通过相应的底材决定热电偶的确定的惰性。
此外，在内燃机燃烧室的燃烧过程中感测温度是十分重要的。为了通入燃烧室，特别是在现代四门直喷发动机中，经常没有可能为温度传感器设置一个附加的开口。
此外，待感测的温度或者从-40至1400℃的温度间隔以及热气体形式的腐蚀性气氛对温度传感器提出了极高的要求。
本发明的任务
本发明的任务在于，提供一种在达到1400℃的极高温度下耐热的、机械性稳定的、自支承的电阻接收器，它可以实现在排气管路中感测废气温度，或者在-40至1400℃的使用范围内感测轿车和载重汽车发动机的燃烧室温度。在后一种情况下，应通过燃烧室中现有的开口之一实现温度感测。
按照本发明，这个任务通过一个用于感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件来解决，其特征是，具有一个基本上内置的绝缘层和两个由陶瓷复合组织构成的外置的导体层，其中，导体层在电阻元件的尖端上相互连接，陶瓷复合组织包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和氧化钇，或者包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和一种由SixOyCzNw构成的基体相，其中，x表示1-2，y表示0-2，z表示0-2并且w表示0-2。
在本发明的一个优选实施形式中，内置的绝缘层也具有陶瓷复合组织。
在这里，因为绝缘的和可导电的部分的组成按照优选方式只有很小的差别，所以按照有利的方式可以实现共烧结或者合成材料的共热解。关于烧54结参阅EP0412428A1和DE19538695A1。
在一个简化的变型方案中，可以采用一个用于绝缘的空隙代替用合成材料制成的内置绝缘层。
本发明电阻元件的陶瓷复合组织优选包含30-70质量％Si3N4，25-65质量％MSi2，在这里，M是Mo、Nb、W或Ti，还包含0-5质量％Al2O3和2-9质量％Y2O3。
同样可能的是，在陶瓷复合组织中由SixOyCzNw构成的基体相是一种或多种硅有机化合物的热解产物。合适的化合物是聚硅氧烷、如于尔斯(Huels)公司的NH2100，和聚硅氮烷(Polysilazan)、如日本日棉公司的NCP200。
在四氮化三硅基础上加一种金属硅化物MSi2填充剂组成的合成材料是热稳定和机械性稳定的，并且由于混合了一定比例的适当填充剂成份而具有可根据混合比例调节的、具有正温度系数的电阻。如在EP0412428A1和DE19538695A1中指出的那样，这种组合特性允许例如制成快速加热的炽热头。
在本发明的一个优选实施形式中，电阻元件的尖端是缩小的。通过尖端上的导电区域的缩小可以调节传感器的电阻。缩小区域的长度还决定测量温度的地点。可导电合成材料在尖端中的电阻可以通过改变混合情况相对于引线中的材料改变多个数量级，不会通过此对热性能/机械性能产生值得一提的负面影响，所述引线在这里被理解为电阻元件的主体。这特别是在一端固定的结构的情况下具有重要意义。
由于合成材料的高的机械强度，可以构成一种自支承的电阻元件，该电阻元件可以自支承地或者与陶瓷炽热头引火塞相似安置在一个合适的壳体中直接装入轿车或者载重汽车的排气管路中。将热敏材料直接并且可能不带保护罩地无支架地装入待测量的区域中，保证了传感器上快速的电阻变化，从而以有利的方式保证了最大程度上的无惰性温度测量。
由于基体材料以及所使用的填充化合物都具有良好的氧化稳定性，这些材料在1400℃以下在氧化和还原气氛中都是稳定的。
因为这些材料在-40至1400℃范围内具有随着温度升高几乎直线上升的电阻，所以可以在整个范围内实现温度测量。
作为用于在轿车和载重汽车的排气管路中进行温度感测的本发明耐高温电阻元件的使用示例，可以列举在稀薄混合气运行发动机(Magerkonzeptmotoren)、例如汽油直喷发动机中在起动催化器和主转化器之间的废气温度感测。由于合成陶瓷的高的机械强度，可以实现位置需求特别小的自支承结构，这使得可以按照有利的方式使温度传感器特别灵活地被安置在废气中的一个合适的位置上。除了在催化器前面和后面的位置之外，为了特别的检测目的，也可以直接安装在催化器的内部。
在一个特别有利的实施形式中，按照本发明的电阻元件与一个伸入到内燃机燃烧室内的功能元件组合。该功能元件可以是一个起动辅助装置、一个喷油嘴或者一个阀。该起动辅助装置可以是一个炽热头引火塞。
采用这种方式可以实现，通过轿车或者载重汽车发动机燃烧室的现有开口中的一个实现温度感测。
一个用上述材料构造成的、与一个功能元件组合的电阻元件，一方面例如用作被施加电压的快速加热的炽热头引火塞，另一方面，不仅在积极的通电过程中、就是说在加热或者灼热阶段中，而且在消极的、也就是无电流的静止阶段中，根据温度变化的电阻可以被作为测量信号来分析，用于感测温度。合成材料的高的机械强度使得可以构成自支承的组合元件，它可以一端固定地安置在一个合适的壳体里，代替传统的炽热头引火塞直接装入轿车和载重汽车发动机的燃烧室内。将热敏材料直接并且不带保护罩地装入待测量的区域中，在此以有利的方式保证了传感器上快速的电阻变化，并从而保证了最大程度地无惰性的温度感测。传感器元件的灵敏度可以通过引线电阻和传感器尖端电阻的比例进行调节。
作为新式组合元件的应用示例，可以列举在柴油喷射发动机中的燃烧室温度感测。特别的优点在于，通过将温度传感器和灼热功能集成在一起，不必有另外的位置需求。燃烧室温度可以作为燃烧过程的量度被引用。
附图
图1以示意性剖面图示出用于在轿车或者载重汽车排气管路中感测温度的无源耐高温电阻元件，
图2以示意性剖面图示出在轿车或者载重汽车发动机燃烧室中的无源耐高温组合元件，
图3和图4分别以不同的实施形式示出本发明无源耐高温电阻元件。
在图1中，一个用合成陶瓷制成的自支承PTC(正温度系数)温度传感器4伸入到一个包含催化器的排气管路6中。废气流7的方向用一个箭头标明。在加厚的一端，温度传感器4被嵌入一个具有螺纹的壳体2中。在这里，实现与控制器或者测量和计算分析电路的触点接通。在接收器上测得的与温度有关的电阻可以借助一个电阻测量仪或者一个带有补偿电路1、具有标准Pt-100或Pt-200元件特性的插头来平衡。
在图2中，由炽热头和温度传感器组成的组合元件3伸入发动机的燃烧室5中。
在图3和图4中，可导电的合成材料8具有一个PTC阻抗R1。在图3中，绝缘的合成材料9具有一个电阻R2，其中，R2≥108·R1。这种绝缘的合成材料9也可以用一个具有电阻R2的空隙10(图4)来代替。
具有PTC阻抗R3的可导电合成材料构成本发明电阻元件的尖端11，在这里，R3≥102·R1。通过在尖端11上的可导电区域的缩小可以调节组合元件的电阻。缩小的区域的长度不仅在作炽热头用时决定在通电期间的加热区域位置，而且在作温度传感器用时决定测量温度的地点。
Claims (12)
1.用于感测温度的无源、耐高温电阻元件，其特征是，它具有一个基本上内置的绝缘层(9；10)和两个由一种陶瓷复合组织构成的外置的导体层(8)，其中，导体层在电阻元件的尖端(11)上相互连接，陶瓷复合组织包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和氧化钇，或者包含四氮化三硅、一种金属硅化物和一种由SixOyCzNw构成的基体相，其中，x表示1-2，y表示0-2，z表示0-2并且w表示0-2。
2.按照权利要求1所述的电阻元件，其特征是，内置的绝缘层(9)也具有一种陶瓷复合组织。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的电阻元件，其特征是，该陶瓷复合组织包含30-70质量％Si3N4，25-65质量％MSi2，其中，M是Mo、Nb、W或者Ti，还包含0-5质量％A12O3和2-9质量％的Y2O3。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的电阻元件，其特征是，在陶瓷复合组织中由SixOyCzNw构成的基体相是一种或多种硅有机化合物的热解产物。
5.按照权利要求4所述的电阻元件，其特征是，所述硅有机化合物是聚硅氧烷或者聚硅氮烷。
6.按照权利要求1，3至5之一所述的电阻元件，其特征是，内置的绝缘层(10)是一个空隙。
7.按照前述权利要求之一所述的电阻元件，其特征是，其尖端(11)是缩小的。
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的电阻元件，其特征是，它装在一个壳体里。
9.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的电阻元件，其特征是，它与一个伸入到内燃机的燃烧室(5)内的功能元件组合。
10.按照权利要求9所述的电阻元件，其特征是，所述功能元件是一个起动辅助装置，一个喷油嘴或者一个阀。
11.按照权利要求10所述的电阻元件，其特征是，所述起动辅助装置是一个炽热头引火塞。
12.按照权利要求1至8之一所述的电阻元件使用于轿车或者载重汽车的排气管路(6)中。
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| DE10003048.3 | 2000-01-25 | ||
| DE2000103048 DE10003048C1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Passives hochtemperaturbeständiges Widerstandselement zur Temperaturerfassung in Personen- und Nutzkraftwagen |
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| CN1358160A true CN1358160A (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
| CN1281932C CN1281932C (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
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| KR (1) | KR20020000865A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1281932C (zh) |
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| DE19612926C2 (de) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-09-30 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Siliciumnitrid-Kompositpulver für thermische Beschichtungstechnologien und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
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| PL349995A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
| KR20020000865A (ko) | 2002-01-05 |
| CZ20013401A3 (cs) | 2002-10-16 |
| AU4043101A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| WO2001055055A1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
| HUP0200538A2 (en) | 2002-06-29 |
| CN1281932C (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
| JP2003521118A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
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