CN1351530A - 用于在半导体表面进行淀积和抛光的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于在半导体表面进行淀积和抛光的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1351530A CN1351530A CN00804618A CN00804618A CN1351530A CN 1351530 A CN1351530 A CN 1351530A CN 00804618 A CN00804618 A CN 00804618A CN 00804618 A CN00804618 A CN 00804618A CN 1351530 A CN1351530 A CN 1351530A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wafer
- deposition
- polishing
- copper
- electroplating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76879—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material by selective deposition of conductive material in the vias, e.g. selective C.V.D. on semiconductor material, plating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/001—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic coating of wafers, e.g. semiconductors or solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/22—Electroplating combined with mechanical treatment during the deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
- H01L21/2885—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition using an external electrical current, i.e. electro-deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/7684—Smoothing; Planarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76843—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76871—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers
- H01L21/76873—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers for electroplating
Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/434,636 | 1999-11-04 | ||
US09/434,636 US6341998B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 1999-11-04 | Integrated circuit (IC) plating deposition system and method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1351530A true CN1351530A (zh) | 2002-05-29 |
CN1182939C CN1182939C (zh) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=23725022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB008046182A Expired - Fee Related CN1182939C (zh) | 1999-11-04 | 2000-10-02 | 用于在半导体表面进行淀积和抛光的方法和装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6341998B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1148976B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003513452A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100773617B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1182939C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60018553T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001032362A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100393917C (zh) * | 2003-12-26 | 2008-06-11 | 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 | 化学电镀方法和装置 |
CN100582314C (zh) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-01-20 | 厦门致力金刚石工具有限公司 | 抛镀机 |
CN1842618B (zh) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-08-11 | 兰姆研究有限公司 | 用于沉积半导体晶片薄膜和使其平面化的装置和方法 |
CN105350040A (zh) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-24 | 大连海事大学 | 一种基于电刷镀镍抛光复合工艺的高光洁金属表面制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6413388B1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2002-07-02 | Nutool Inc. | Pad designs and structures for a versatile materials processing apparatus |
US6902659B2 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2005-06-07 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electro-chemical mechanical deposition |
US6534116B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2003-03-18 | Nutool, Inc. | Plating method and apparatus that creates a differential between additive disposed on a top surface and a cavity surface of a workpiece using an external influence |
US20060131177A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2006-06-22 | Jeffrey Bogart | Means to eliminate bubble entrapment during electrochemical processing of workpiece surface |
US7234477B2 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for drying semiconductor wafer surfaces using a plurality of inlets and outlets held in close proximity to the wafer surfaces |
US7584761B1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2009-09-08 | Lam Research Corporation | Wafer edge surface treatment with liquid meniscus |
US6921551B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2005-07-26 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Plating method and apparatus for controlling deposition on predetermined portions of a workpiece |
US7754061B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2010-07-13 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method for controlling conductor deposition on predetermined portions of a wafer |
WO2002023613A2 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-21 | Rodel Holdings, Inc. | Metal cmp process with reduced dishing |
US6896776B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2005-05-24 | Applied Materials Inc. | Method and apparatus for electro-chemical processing |
US6946066B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2005-09-20 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Multi step electrodeposition process for reducing defects and minimizing film thickness |
US6943112B2 (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2005-09-13 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Defect-free thin and planar film processing |
US6530824B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2003-03-11 | Rodel Holdings, Inc. | Method and composition for polishing by CMP |
TW584899B (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2004-04-21 | Nutool Inc | Planar metal electroprocessing |
US6884724B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2005-04-26 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for dishing reduction and feature passivation in polishing processes |
US7614411B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2009-11-10 | Lam Research Corporation | Controls of ambient environment during wafer drying using proximity head |
US7632376B1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2009-12-15 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a proximity system |
US7293571B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-11-13 | Lam Research Corporation | Substrate proximity processing housing and insert for generating a fluid meniscus |
US6954993B1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2005-10-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Concentric proximity processing head |
US7093375B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-08-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for utilizing a meniscus in substrate processing |
US7198055B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-04-03 | Lam Research Corporation | Meniscus, vacuum, IPA vapor, drying manifold |
US7513262B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2009-04-07 | Lam Research Corporation | Substrate meniscus interface and methods for operation |
US7045018B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-05-16 | Lam Research Corporation | Substrate brush scrubbing and proximity cleaning-drying sequence using compatible chemistries, and method, apparatus, and system for implementing the same |
US7997288B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2011-08-16 | Lam Research Corporation | Single phase proximity head having a controlled meniscus for treating a substrate |
US7069937B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-07-04 | Lam Research Corporation | Vertical proximity processor |
US7367345B1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2008-05-06 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for providing a confined liquid for immersion lithography |
US8236382B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2012-08-07 | Lam Research Corporation | Proximity substrate preparation sequence, and method, apparatus, and system for implementing the same |
US6988326B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-01-24 | Lam Research Corporation | Phobic barrier meniscus separation and containment |
US7389783B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2008-06-24 | Lam Research Corporation | Proximity meniscus manifold |
US7383843B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2008-06-10 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for processing wafer surfaces using thin, high velocity fluid layer |
US6769961B1 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2004-08-03 | Lam Research Corporation | Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) apparatus |
US6864181B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-03-08 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus to form a planarized Cu interconnect layer using electroless membrane deposition |
US7675000B2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2010-03-09 | Lam Research Corporation | System method and apparatus for dry-in, dry-out, low defect laser dicing using proximity technology |
US8062471B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2011-11-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Proximity head heating method and apparatus |
US7247558B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2007-07-24 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and system for electroprocessing conductive layers |
US7416975B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2008-08-26 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method of forming contact layers on substrates |
JP4864402B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
US7550070B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2009-06-23 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Electrode and pad assembly for processing conductive layers |
US7485561B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2009-02-03 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Filling deep features with conductors in semiconductor manufacturing |
US7625814B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2009-12-01 | Asm Nutool, Inc. | Filling deep features with conductors in semiconductor manufacturing |
US7928366B2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2011-04-19 | Lam Research Corporation | Methods of and apparatus for accessing a process chamber using a dual zone gas injector with improved optical access |
US7732329B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2010-06-08 | Ipgrip, Llc | Method and apparatus for workpiece surface modification for selective material deposition |
US8813764B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-08-26 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for physical confinement of a liquid meniscus over a semiconductor wafer |
US8146902B2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2012-04-03 | Lam Research Corporation | Hybrid composite wafer carrier for wet clean equipment |
US8464736B1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2013-06-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Reclaim chemistry |
US7975708B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-07-12 | Lam Research Corporation | Proximity head with angled vacuum conduit system, apparatus and method |
US8141566B2 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2012-03-27 | Lam Research Corporation | System, method and apparatus for maintaining separation of liquids in a controlled meniscus |
US7884016B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2011-02-08 | Asm International, N.V. | Liner materials and related processes for 3-D integration |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE542737A (zh) | 1954-11-16 | |||
US3436259A (en) | 1966-05-12 | 1969-04-01 | Ibm | Method for plating and polishing a silicon planar surface |
DE2008664A1 (en) | 1970-02-25 | 1971-09-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Galvanically or chemically assisted mechanic |
US5074406A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-24 | The Laitram Corporation | Laminated sprocket |
JP3334139B2 (ja) | 1991-07-01 | 2002-10-15 | ソニー株式会社 | 研磨装置 |
JP3042593B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-25 | 2000-05-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | 研磨パッド |
US5882251A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-03-16 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Chemical mechanical polishing pad slurry distribution grooves |
US6110011A (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2000-08-29 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Integrated electrodeposition and chemical-mechanical polishing tool |
US6004880A (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1999-12-21 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Method of single step damascene process for deposition and global planarization |
US6176992B1 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2001-01-23 | Nutool, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electro-chemical mechanical deposition |
US6328872B1 (en) | 1999-04-03 | 2001-12-11 | Nutool, Inc. | Method and apparatus for plating and polishing a semiconductor substrate |
US6107186A (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-22 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | High planarity high-density in-laid metallization patterns by damascene-CMP processing |
US6071808A (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-06 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of passivating copper interconnects in a semiconductor |
-
1999
- 1999-11-04 US US09/434,636 patent/US6341998B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-02 JP JP2001534553A patent/JP2003513452A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-02 KR KR1020017008502A patent/KR100773617B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-02 CN CNB008046182A patent/CN1182939C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-02 DE DE60018553T patent/DE60018553T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-02 EP EP00978886A patent/EP1148976B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-02 WO PCT/US2000/041045 patent/WO2001032362A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1842618B (zh) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-08-11 | 兰姆研究有限公司 | 用于沉积半导体晶片薄膜和使其平面化的装置和方法 |
CN100393917C (zh) * | 2003-12-26 | 2008-06-11 | 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 | 化学电镀方法和装置 |
CN100582314C (zh) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-01-20 | 厦门致力金刚石工具有限公司 | 抛镀机 |
CN105350040A (zh) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-24 | 大连海事大学 | 一种基于电刷镀镍抛光复合工艺的高光洁金属表面制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60018553D1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
WO2001032362A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
EP1148976B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
US6341998B1 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
DE60018553T2 (de) | 2006-01-05 |
CN1182939C (zh) | 2005-01-05 |
KR100773617B1 (ko) | 2007-11-05 |
EP1148976A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
KR20020018182A (ko) | 2002-03-07 |
JP2003513452A (ja) | 2003-04-08 |
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C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: NXP CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ROYAL PHILIPS ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Effective date: 20070831 |
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C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20070831 Address after: Holland Ian Deho Finn Patentee after: Koninkl Philips Electronics NV Address before: Holland Ian Deho Finn Patentee before: Koninklike Philips Electronics N. V. |
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C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20050105 Termination date: 20121002 |