CN1338021A - 制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法 - Google Patents

制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法 Download PDF

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CN1338021A
CN1338021A CN00803183A CN00803183A CN1338021A CN 1338021 A CN1338021 A CN 1338021A CN 00803183 A CN00803183 A CN 00803183A CN 00803183 A CN00803183 A CN 00803183A CN 1338021 A CN1338021 A CN 1338021A
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亚历山大·布雷布莱尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法,这些构件确定用来后续加强混凝土建筑构件。在按本发明的方法中许多埋在粘合剂薄膜(140)内的单层载体纤维层大表面相互重叠地绷紧,卷绕或压紧在一至少具有一条成形棱(148,152,155)的成形体(142,144,154)上,并在压力和热量作用下相互压紧并相互大面积地结合。这样形成的复合件(158)在粘合剂硬化后从成形体上取下,分割成具有规定臂长和/或臂宽的角形构件(110)。

Description

制造由扁平带薄板组成 的角形构件的方法
本发明涉及一种制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法，它们确定用来加强承载的或传递载荷的构件。
例如由WO98/32933已知这种类型的角形加强片。扁平带薄板具有许多相互平行布置的、可弯曲或弯曲倒伏(biegeschlaffe)的载体纤维，它们埋入由热固性或热塑性塑料组成的粘合剂基体内。刚弹性的粘合剂基体不允许具有小弯曲半径的弯曲。为了使构件能够棱边搭接地加强，采用预制的角形薄板(WO98/32933)，它具有两个在垂直于载体纤维纵向分布的横棱区域内具有相互交成30°至150°角的一体相连的薄板臂。因为待加强的构件棱边大多做成直角形，薄板臂相互最好相交成直角。为了能够越过横棱传递拉力而没有断裂危险，薄板臂之间的横棱适宜于做得具有5至50mm的弯曲半径，尤其是15至30mm。在WO98/32933中对于这种类型的角薄板的制造推荐了多种可能性：
1.一带有连贯的粘合剂基体的拉长的扁平带薄板在一中间区域内在300至600℃的温度下在形成两个通过一横棱相互连接的，相互交成一角度的薄板臂的情况下经受一弯曲挤压，接着在保持一段时间的压力的情况下冷却到使用温度。在这种方法中有这样的缺点，在棱边区域外侧出现拉力，内侧出现压力，这可能导致不希望的变形并在棱边区内形成波纹。尤其是在具有热固性粘合剂基体的扁平带薄板弯曲时是这样。
-一由载体纤维组成的纤维条螺旋形地卷绕在一具有正方形或矩形外形的支承体上，并在卷绕的状态下固定在它上面。接着卷绕的纤维股用液态人造树酯浸湿，形成粘合剂基体。这里人造树脂硬化形成一做成四边形管的粘合剂管，将它沿横向和纵向多重割开，形成具有经过拐角沿其纵向分布的载体纤维的角形薄板。这种方法的缺点是，载体纤维在卷绕时可能断裂，并在接着浇上粘合剂时不完全地埋在粘合剂基体内。因此最终产品的强度性能有很大的波动。
-另一种已知方法是，首先具有连贯的粘合剂基体的扁平带薄板在至少一个中间区域内加热到粘合剂的分解温度，这时粘合剂基体消除，支承纤维外露。这样准备好的扁平带薄板可以以外露的载体纤维绕一固体棱边弯曲，并在此之前或之后用液态的、可硬化的塑料浸湿。这里也存在这样的危险，使外露的载体纤维受到损伤，这可能导致角形构件在抗拉强度方面的损害。
由此出发本发明的目的是，开发一种制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法，用这种方法制造的产品具有可重复的强度性能。
为了实现这个目的推荐在权利要求1中提出的特征组合。本发明优良的造型和改进结构由从属权利要求得到。
按本发明的解决方案的基础在于，由平行布置的载体纤维组成的单层薄层，在规定情况下它们可以和一定数量的横纤维编织，可以比较容易地埋入粘合剂薄膜内，  因此它们可在没有损伤危险的情况下方便地处理。因此按照本发明建议，许多埋入一粘合剂薄膜内的单层载体纤维层宽面重叠地绷紧、卷绕或压印在一具有至少一个成形棱边的成形体上，使粘合剂薄膜在压力和/或热量的作用下相互挤压在一起，并相互宽面地连接，这样形成的复合件在粘合剂硬化后从成形体上取下，并分割成具有规定臂长和宽度的角形构件。
本发明的第一种实施方案设想，用单层载体纤维层加强的粘合剂薄膜以裁剪好的形式在其弯曲部位相互重叠地套在成形体的外棱边上。按照第二种解决方案用单层载体纤维层加强的粘合剂薄膜以裁剪好的形式相互重叠地压在成形体的一内棱边上。
热固性粘合剂在粘合剂薄膜绷紧或压印在成形体上时有利地部分硬化，并且这时仍然有粘性和可弯曲。这里热固性粘合剂在压力和热量作用下硬化。
在应用热塑性粘合剂的情况下用载体纤维加强的粘合剂薄膜在绷紧或压印在成形体上时可变形和尤其是干燥。粘合剂薄膜在压力和热量作用下加热到软化或熔点，并相互结合。在采用热塑性粘合剂的情形下制造的成品构件在任何时候可以通过简单的加热变形。
另一种解决方案设想，用单层载体纤维层加强的粘合剂薄膜以条或带的形式多层地卷绕在一设有成形棱边的梁上，使卷绕层在压力和热量作用下整个面相互结合，卷筒在尤其是热塑性粘合剂硬化后以合适的方法分割，形成角形构件。
下面在附图中以示意表示的实施例对本发明作较详细的说明。它们表示：
图1一做成角形薄板的扁平带薄板的图表形视图；
图2用载体纤维加强的，用于制造按图1的角形薄板的粘合剂薄膜；
图3用来在形成按图2的粘合剂薄膜的情况下制造按图1的角形薄板的装置的侧视图；
图4用来在应用粘合剂薄膜的情况下制造角形薄板的、相对于图3有所不同的装置的侧视图；
图5a至5c用来说明制造按图1的角形薄板的其他方法的示意图。
图1中所示的扁平带薄板做成预制的角形薄板110，它确定用来加强承受载荷或传递载荷的构件。角形薄板110具有两个在一垂直于载体纤维126纵长方向分布的、倒圆的横棱130区域内相互连接成一体的，相互交成一90°角的薄板臂134。在横棱130区域内的弯曲半径例如为5至50mm。对于角形薄板110的制造存在各种可能性：
下面说明所有的制造方案从一种中间产品出发，它由一单层的由单方向的，相互平行分布的载体纤维126层组成，它们在某些情况下和一定数量的横纤维编织在一起，并埋入一粘合剂薄膜140内。作为载体纤维首先采用碳素纤维，其特征是高的弹性模量。但是载体纤维和横纤维也可以含有芳族聚酰胺纤维，玻璃纤维、聚丙烯纤维等等或由它们组成。粘合剂薄膜140中的粘合剂适宜于由一种热固性塑料，例如由环氧树酯，聚氨酯树酯，丙烯酸系树酯或聚酯树脂组成，对于下述加工它虽然已经预硬化，但是还没有完全硬化。用载体纤维加强的粘合剂薄膜在加工时还可弯曲，粘合剂还有粘性。
原则上也可以采用热塑性塑料作为粘合剂薄膜中的粘合剂。在这种情况下为了加工粘合剂薄膜也应该是充分可弯曲的。
图3和4各表示一个用来由合适地裁剪的，用单层载体纤维层126加强的图2中所示这种类型的粘合剂薄膜140制造角形薄板110的成形体142、144。按图3的成形体142具有两个相互垂直的成形面146，它们通过一内部的中凹成形棱148相互连接，为了制造角形薄板将载体纤维加强的粘合剂薄膜140沿箭头151方向依次向成形面146和成形棱148压，并在那里在压力和热量作用下整个面相互连接。在热固性粘合剂薄膜的情况下连接通过在压力和热量作用下粘合剂的硬化进行，在热塑性粘合剂薄膜的情况下通过温度升高到粘合剂的软化温度在压力和热量作用下进行。用这种方法制造的复合件在硬化以后可以裁剪成具有所希望尺寸的角形薄板110。
在图4中所示的成形体具有两个相互垂直的成形面150，它们通过一外部的、凸出的成形棱152相互连接。为了制造角形薄板110用单层载体纤维层加强的粘合剂薄膜140依次通过成形棱152绷紧在成形面150上，直至达到希望的壁厚。然后粘合剂薄膜用上面说明的方法在压力和热量作用下相互结合并继续加工。
另一种制造方案借助于图5a至c说明。一用单层载体纤维层126加强的粘合剂薄膜140以连贯的带卷绕在一具有正方形横截面和成形棱155的成形体154上，形成一多层卷筒156。然后卷筒相互重叠的层在压力和热量的作用下相互结合，在粘合剂硬化后形成一做成四边形管的复合件158，它可以从成形体154上取下(图5b)。然后四边形管可以沿切割线160和162这样地割开，使得形成角形薄板110(图5c)，其中载体纤维126在图1的意义上越过棱边130沿其纵长方向分布。
总而言之确定如下：本发明涉及一种制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法，这种构件确定用来后续加强混凝土结构。在按本发明的方法中许多埋入粘合剂薄膜140内的单层载体纤维层大表面地相互绷紧、卷绕或压紧在一至少具有一条成形棱148、152、155的成形体142、144、154上，并在压力和热量作用下相互压合和相互大表面地结合。这样形成的复合件158在粘合剂硬化后从成形体上取下，并分割成具有规定臂长和/或宽度的角形构件110。

Claims (8)

1.制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件(110)的方法，其中许多相互平行布置的可弯曲或弯曲倒伏的载体纤维(126)，在某些情况下与横向纤维相编织，埋在由热固性或热塑性塑料组成的可硬化的粘合剂基体内，并在一垂直于载体纤维纵向分布的横棱(130)区域内成形地弯曲，成一30°至150°、尤其是90°的确定角度，其特征为：许多埋在一粘合剂薄膜(140)内的单层载体纤维层(126)大表面相互重叠地绷紧，卷绕或压紧在一至少具有一条成形棱(148、152、155)的成形体(142、144、154)上，粘合剂薄膜(140)在压力和/或热量作用下相互压合并大表面地相互结合，这样形成的复合件(158)在粘合剂硬化后从成形体上取下，分割成具有规定臂长和/或臂宽的角形构件(110)。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征为：用单层载体纤维层(126)加强的粘合剂薄膜(140)以裁剪好的形式在其弯曲部位(130)相互重叠地绷紧到成形体(144)的外成形棱(152)上。
3.按权利要求1的方法，其特征为：用单层载体纤维层(126)加强的粘合剂薄膜(140)以裁剪好的形式以其弯曲部位(130)相互重叠地压紧在成形体(142)的内成形棱(148)上。
4.按权利要求1至3之任一项的方法，其特征为：热固性粘合剂在粘合剂薄膜(140)绷紧或压紧在成形体(142，144)上时部分硬化，但还有粘性并且是可弯曲的。
5.按权利要求4的方法，其特征为：热固性粘合剂在成形体(142，144)上在压力和热量作用下硬化。
6.按权利要求1至3之任一项的方法，其特征为：热塑性粘合剂在粘合剂薄膜(140)绷紧或压紧时可变形和尤其是干燥，粘合剂薄膜(140)在压力和热量作用下加热到粘合剂的软化或熔化温度、并相互结合。
7.按权利要求1的方法，其特征为：含有单层载体纤维层(126)的粘合剂薄膜(140)以条或带的形式多层卷绕在一设有成形棱(155)的梁形成形体(154)上，卷绕层在压力和热量作用下相互大表面地结合，卷绕体(156，158)在尤其是热塑性粘合剂硬化后尤其是沿纵、横方向多重割开，形成具有超过拐角沿其纵向分布的载体纤维(126)的角形构件(110)。
8.按权利要求7的方法，其特征为：卷筒(158)在割开前先从成形体(154)上取下。
CN00803183A 1999-01-29 2000-01-14 制造由扁平带薄板组成的角形构件的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1114019C (zh)

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