CN1322170C - 增进电解中电流效率的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/06—Detection or inhibition of short circuits in the cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于增进电解中电流效率的方法。根据本方法,首先计算出理论电解槽电压,并与测量电压相比较。不断地监视电解槽电压理论值与测量值之间的累积差异,当该差异与电流效率成比例时,便能够不断地获得处理状况的信息。电流效率的下降是电极之间短路的明显指标,所以从电解电流效率的角度看,通过根据本发明的方法,有可能将短路消除工作集中在正确的电解槽组上。
Description
本发明涉及用于增进电解中电流效率的方法。根据该方法,首先计算出理论电解槽电压,并与测量电压比较。不断地监视电解槽电压理论值与测量值之间的累积差异,当该差异与电流效率成比例时,便能够连续获得关于处理情况的信息。电流效率的下降是电极之间发生短路的明显标志,且从电解电流效率方面考虑,通过根据本发明的方法有可能将短路电流排除工作集中于正确的电解槽组。
在金属的电解处理中,所期望金属沉积在电极,即阴极的表面上。在电解槽内电流的帮助下执行的处理,其中一排由导电金属构成的平板状阳极和平板状阴极交替地浸没在当前的液体,即电解液之中。在电解处理中,所期望金属会通过如下方法沉淀在阴极上,即或者使用由与待沉淀金属相同的金属所构成的可溶性阳极,或者使用不可溶性阳极。例如在铜电解精炼时使用的是可溶性阳极,在例如电解沉积(electrowinning)镍或锌时使用的是不可溶性阳极。
在铜电解精炼中,不纯的所谓阳极铜通过电流而溶解,溶解的铜还原在阴极板上,成为非常纯的、所谓的阴极铜。使用基于硫酸的硫酸铜作为电解液。在处理开始时,可以使用铜起始片(startingsheet)或者所谓的永久阴极作为阴极板,该永久阴极可以用耐酸钢或钛制成。使用一个或多个整流器作为电解的电流源。使用的典型电流密度为250-320A/m2,且电流为直流电(DC)。电解在分隔的电解槽内发生,其中阳极-阴极对的数目每个设备与每个设备都不同,但典型地为30-60对。在不同设备里电解槽的数目也不同。阳极14-21天溶解,而阴极周期则为7-10天。
电解设备的生产能力取决于电流密度、电解槽的数量,并取决于时间和设备的电流效率。该效率表示设备中正在使用(通电)的电解槽暂时有多好,以及用于沉积铜的电流有多好。通过提高所施加的电流密度、建造更多的电解槽或增进效率便能够提高电解车间(electrolytic plant)的能力。
在考察铜电解处理的能力和经济效率时,电流效率是基本的参数。该术语表明了施加用于在阴极上沉积铜的电流与理论计算出的在该电流下沉积的最大量相比较的比例。在实践中,阳极与阴极之间发生的短路会极大地降低电流效率。在短路中,电流直接从一个电极流动到另一个电极而不会从电解液中沉积铜。这样,电流便会流走而浪费掉了。
在先前技术中,美国专利4,038,162说明了一种用于阻止和消除短路,借此提高电流效率的方法。该方法以例如在磁场的帮助下测量整体电流为基础,之后将自动阴极替代装置引导到某个位置,在该处该设备用新的阴极替代短路阴极。
电解处理中有多种不同的因素会影响短路的发生,例如电流分布、电解液中的杂质和阳极性能。在处理中出现的扰动能够通过短路的上升而容易地看出来。日常电解处理中的短路数目可以认为是处理情况的良好指示。目前都是手动地观察和消除短路,这在实践中意味着每天要做大量的工作。
根据本发明,开发出了增进电流效率的连续方法,借此连续地测量电解槽组的电解槽电压,并将电解槽电压与计算出的电解槽电压相比较,且使电压的累积差异与电流效率成比例,从而将短路排除工作集中于具有最低电流效率的电解槽组上。从而本发明以电解处理中不同测量数据的信息以及该信息的使用为基础。执行本发明不再需要手动检查每个隔离的电解槽组,而是能够将工作集中于更加危险的电解槽组上,从而能够提高整个电解车间的电流效率。本发明的基本特点见附加权利要求书。
在所开发的方法中,首先以过程测试值和变量为基础计算出理论电解槽电压。所使用的过程测试值是温度和电解液的成分以及所使用的电流。变量是电极之间的间隔和电解槽电压测量点之间的电解槽数目。当理论电解槽电压与测量电压相比较时,有可能获得电解槽组短路情况的信息。在实践中,值得测量每半组(half group)的电解时电解槽电压,由于阳极通常以半组来改变,而电解槽电压也相应地改变。下文中,“电解槽组”也表示各个半组或其他实体,其中阳极同时加以改变。电解槽电压测量值与理论值之间的差异越大,组中短路的数目越高。从而有可能获得关于电解槽组情况的有价值附加信息,用于控制处理和用于控制短路排除工作。当工作集中于危险电解槽组时,由于无需挨个检查运行良好的电解槽组,所以不会产生任何破坏。短路情况的大概情况也比以前要更清楚。
处于预报电流效率的目的,可以使用一种模型,其由多个阴极周期(cathode cycle)系列构成。由测量系列,对每个阴极周期,理论的和测量的电解槽电压累积差异被计算,其与所获得的电流效率成比例。所执行的检测结果显示出,累积差异与所获得的电流效率之间的依赖性非常成线性。据观察,在实践中该方法预测待获得电流效率的精度为±1%。
因此在实践中,电解槽组中的电解槽电压以在线形式,换言之连续地加以测量。由电解槽电压理论值与计算值之间的差异,有可能推导出所研究组或半组的电流效率。首先攻克具有最低电流效率的电解槽组的短路。因此有可能避免扰动运行良好的组,而是仅集中于需要立即关注的组。与传统手工操作相比,通过本方法有可能增进整个电解车间的电流效率。此外能够节约劳动力成本。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于增进电解中电流效率的方法,其特征在于,以过程测试值和变量为基础计算出理论电解槽电压,使计算出的电解槽的理论电解槽电压连续地与测得的实时电解槽电压相比较,并且电压的累积差异与电流效率成比例,以便将短路排除工作集中于具有最低电流效率的电解槽组,
用于理论电解槽电压的计算所使用的所述过程测试值是电解液的温度、电解液的成分、以及所使用的电流,所述变量是电极之间的间隔、和电解槽电压测量点之间的电解槽数目。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,理论电解槽电压与测得的电解槽电压的累积差值与所获得的电流效率之间具有线性联系。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FI20011351A FI113669B (fi) | 2001-06-25 | 2001-06-25 | Menetelmä elektrolyysin virtahyötysuhteen parantamiseksi |
FI20011351 | 2001-06-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1516753A CN1516753A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
CN1322170C true CN1322170C (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
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CNB028122216A Expired - Fee Related CN1322170C (zh) | 2001-06-25 | 2002-06-14 | 增进电解中电流效率的方法 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7122109B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1399604B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3917586B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100840163B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1322170C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE516387T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002350349B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG66344B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0210546A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2449455C (zh) |
EA (1) | EA005178B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2369751T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI113669B (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA03011774A (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20030031A1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL200706B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003000960A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200309238B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN104911634A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-16 | 北方工业大学 | 一种根据阳极导电能力评价电解槽阳极电流分布的方法 |
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FI20031733A0 (fi) * | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Outokumpu Oy | Menetelmä kuparielektrolyysin tilaindeksin määrittämiseksi |
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US20070188054A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Surface acoustic wave packages and methods of forming same |
US20070284262A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Eugene Yanjun You | Method of Detecting Shorts and Bad Contacts in an Electrolytic Cell |
US8114265B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2012-02-14 | Recherche 2000 Inc. | Efficiency optimization and damage detection of electrolysis cells |
JP5591474B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-09-17 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 電流効率集計システム |
US8282812B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2012-10-09 | John Christopher Burtch | Apparatus for producing hydrogen from salt water by electrolysis |
PL2419550T3 (pl) * | 2009-04-16 | 2018-11-30 | Recherche 2000 Inc. | Sposób i układ dla wydajności prądowej pojedynczego ogniwa elektrolizera |
DE102011107935A1 (de) | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-24 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines sicheren und wirtschaftlichen stromdichteabhängigen Spannungs- und/oder spezifischen Energieverbrauchsbetriebsbereichs |
DE102011110507B4 (de) | 2011-08-17 | 2022-09-08 | thyssenkrupp nucera AG & Co. KGaA | Methode und System zur Bestimmung der Einzelelement -Stromausbeute im Elektrolyseur |
JP5815453B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-11-17 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 銅電解液温度管理方法 |
CN103628094B (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-05-18 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种在线测量电解槽电流效率的方法及其实现装置 |
IT201700110569A1 (it) * | 2017-10-03 | 2019-04-03 | Univ Degli Studi Di Palermo | Apparato e metodo per il recupero di rame a partire da scarti di dispositivi elettrici ed elettronici |
CN108445344B (zh) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-02-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种基于电流的预测电极短路的方法及系统 |
CN114351189B (zh) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-03-24 | 杭州三耐环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种电解生产监控方法和系统 |
JP7306442B2 (ja) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-07-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 水電解装置の短絡検知方法、水素製造方法、及び、水電解装置 |
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- 2001-06-25 FI FI20011351A patent/FI113669B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
- 2002-06-14 JP JP2003507337A patent/JP3917586B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-14 PL PL368517A patent/PL200706B1/pl unknown
- 2002-06-14 EP EP02751199A patent/EP1399604B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 EA EA200400075A patent/EA005178B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 ES ES02751199T patent/ES2369751T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 MX MXPA03011774A patent/MXPA03011774A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-14 US US10/481,522 patent/US7122109B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 CN CNB028122216A patent/CN1322170C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-14 KR KR1020037016105A patent/KR100840163B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 BR BR0210546-2A patent/BR0210546A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-14 AT AT02751199T patent/ATE516387T1/de active
- 2002-06-14 AU AU2002350349A patent/AU2002350349B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-06-14 WO PCT/FI2002/000522 patent/WO2003000960A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-06-14 CA CA002449455A patent/CA2449455C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-25 PE PE2002000557A patent/PE20030031A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2003-11-27 ZA ZA200309238A patent/ZA200309238B/en unknown
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CN104911634A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-16 | 北方工业大学 | 一种根据阳极导电能力评价电解槽阳极电流分布的方法 |
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KR100840163B1 (ko) | 2008-06-23 |
FI113669B (fi) | 2004-05-31 |
PL200706B1 (pl) | 2009-01-30 |
FI20011351A0 (fi) | 2001-06-25 |
EP1399604B1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
FI20011351A (fi) | 2002-12-26 |
JP3917586B2 (ja) | 2007-05-23 |
WO2003000960A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
BG108396A (bg) | 2005-04-30 |
US20040232002A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
EA200400075A1 (ru) | 2004-06-24 |
CA2449455A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
ZA200309238B (en) | 2004-07-21 |
BG66344B1 (bg) | 2013-07-31 |
MXPA03011774A (es) | 2004-04-02 |
US7122109B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
JP2004530796A (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
ATE516387T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
EA005178B1 (ru) | 2004-12-30 |
PE20030031A1 (es) | 2003-03-11 |
CA2449455C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
BR0210546A (pt) | 2004-05-25 |
EP1399604A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
PL368517A1 (en) | 2005-04-04 |
CN1516753A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
ES2369751T3 (es) | 2011-12-05 |
KR20040019304A (ko) | 2004-03-05 |
AU2002350349B2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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