CN1320350A - 超低频变换器和装有该变换器的扬声器 - Google Patents
超低频变换器和装有该变换器的扬声器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于汽车扬声器系统的超低频变换器或次低音扬声器,该变换器具有一个中凹的膜片和一个打褶的外包层。最好是,膜片的周边是方形或矩形,其尺寸基本上与扬声器外壳或机壳在空间上共同扩张。这样,对于一个给定尺寸的外壳来说,就可以使在次低音扬声器中的空气移动达到最大,并由此使扬声器的音量也达到最大。该变换器通常包括一个框架或筐形体,该筐形体具有一个用来支承膜片的周边的方形的前部。最佳的膜片包括一个具有多个打褶的拐角的凸形的外包层。为了增加寿命,在膜片内形成有多个构架。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在汽车扬声器系统中用作次低音扬声器的超低频变换器。
发明背景
在汽车扬声器中，空间非常有限。使扬声器的尺寸减少到最小的需要与使扬声器的声音最大和性能最佳的需要之间经常处于矛盾状态。在低音扬声器的情况下，这是特别实际的问题，因为此处要产生超低频的声音。
扬声器的音量是由于膜片的移动而引起的移动空气的体积的一个函数，同样，它也是膜片的行程或偏移以及其直径的一个函数。典型的立体声扬声器或低音扬声器只能在降到约40-80Hz的低音范围内工作。但是，利用现代的录音技术，音乐的录音可以产生大量低至20Hz或以下的低频信号。因此，存在着对于能够令人满意地重现这些超低频范围内的信号的次低音扬声器的需要。
发明公开
本发明涉及一种超低频变换器，该变换器包括一由筐形体支承成作轴向移动的中凹的膜片。该膜片具有一支承在筐形体的矩形前部内的矩形周边。该变换器还包括一由筐形体支承的驱动组件，该组件包括一永久磁铁和一与膜片相连接的相互支承的音圈。该音圈与一信号源相连接。这样，该驱动组件适合于将来自信号源的信号变换成膜片的往复轴向移动，从而产生超低频声响。
本发明还包括一种扬声器，该扬声器包括支承在一外壳内部的上述超低频变换器。在该扬声器中，外壳具有一矩形的孔，并且膜片的矩形周边与该孔的尺寸近似相同。
另外，本发明还包括一种超低频变换器，该变换器包括一具有一前部孔的筐形体和一中凹的膜片。该膜片具有一周边，其尺寸被定为能支承在筐形体的前部孔内并且被支承于该孔内作轴向移动。一柔性的外包层围绕着膜片的周边设置。如上所述，一驱动组件由筐形体所支承。
附图简介
图1是本发明的扬声器的一个正面的右透视图。
图2是超低频变换器的一个正视图。
图3是图1的扬声器的超低频变换器的一个纵向剖视图。
图4是超低频变换器的筐形体的后透视图。
实施本发明的最佳方式
本发明涉及一种超低频变换器，即，一种能有效地重现从约20Hz至80Hz范围内的最低的双八度音乐变换器。本发明的变换器具有一个中凹的膜片(或纸盆)。该膜片的周边可以是矩形或方形。或者，该膜片的周边可以是圆形或椭圆形。矩形可使膜片面积相对于外壳(该外壳通常也是矩形)为最大，因而使扬声器中的空气位移也最大。
现在详细地参看附图1，图中示出了一个与本发明相一致的总的用标号10标出的扬声器。扬声器10包括一个具有一个前孔14的外壳12。该外壳安装有一个具有一个膜片18的变换器16，该膜片具有一个其尺寸大小在空间上基本上与孔14共同扩张的周边20。如在图2中所清楚地示出的，外壳的前孔14以矩形为好，最好该孔是方形的。同样，膜片18的周边20也以矩形为好，最好它是方形并且与前孔14具有大致相同的尺寸。在本文中所使用的“矩形”是指具有一个直角的平行四边形，而“方形”是指具有四个等边的矩形。在膜片的周边为圆形的情况下，外壳可以是矩形，方形或圆柱形。
现在参看图3和图4来说明较可取的变换器的结构。如图3中所最清楚地示出的，膜片18是中凹的，也就是说，其内部形状或本体部分22通常是圆顶形。在本文中所使用的“中凹的”是相对于外壳的前部而言的，它指的是一个具有一定深度的剖面形状。因此，“中凹的”将包括圆锥形或截头圆锥形。
膜片18最好由专门的充填有滑石粉的聚丙烯材料制成，该材料十分坚硬并且具有很大的内部阻尼。内部阻尼可以控制膜片上的驻波，而硬度则可以在膜片发生较大的偏移时抑制折曲。较好的膜片能抗污染，耐日光和耐潮气。
在次低音扬声器中的膜片由于大偏移而受到很大的应力。为此，膜片18上形成有几个加强构架，其中的一个构架用标号26表示(图2)。最好是，构架在膜片制作时就形成其外形的一个组成部分。
在一个最佳实施例中，膜片18包括一个围绕在周边20的周围延伸的外包层30。外包层30的形状与膜片18的周边的形状相一致。外包层30的理想的构形具有凸形的剖面。在本文中所使用的“凸形的”是以扬声器的前面为基准的。外包层30最好用一种柔性的但可保持形状的材料制成，并且一般不与用于膜片18的主体22的较刚性的材料相同。
在该最佳实施例中，膜片的边缘为下阶形，以便形成一个其上粘接着外包层的平台或凸缘32。下阶形的凸缘32增加了膜片18的刚度，因而可以用来作为外包层30的内缘的一个方便的固定位置(一般通过缝合)。
为了改进外包层30的性能和寿命，在其各个拐角处设置有一个或多个沿径向取向的肋或褶，其中的一个肋用标号34表示。尽管图示的褶34向外延伸，这些褶交替地可以是互相依靠的凹槽。此外，这些褶的数目，间隔，宽度和剖面形状是可以变化的。当膜片18往复运动时，这些褶可使外包层均匀地收缩和延伸。这样就减少了外包层30的变形和折曲，特别是在方形或矩形周边的情况下的拐角处。
继续参看图3和图4，变换器16包括一个支承着变换器的各个零件的框架或筐形体36。筐形体36具有一个前部38和后部40，它们通过多个在其间的撑杆相连接。前部38最好设置有一个具有一个凹座44的平面凸缘42，该凹座适合于容纳外包层30上的外凸缘46。这样，通过外包层30上的凸缘46，膜片18的周边20支承在筐形体36的前部38上。最好是，该筐形体由压铸铝所制成。铸铝筐形体比模压钢筐形体的刚度更大。
更详细地说(以下面将要说明的方式)，膜片18由此可以支承在筐形体36上，以便在外壳12内作轴向的往复运动。虽然图中没有示出，一个垫片可以固定在外包层30的凸缘46的上面和筐形体36的前边缘42的下面。一种较可取的垫片材料是Rubatex牌材料，它是由经过切割和粘接的海绵橡胶所组成的，从而可以为许多表面提供极好的密封。
在图3中可清楚地看出，膜片18的中心部分48最好为平头截锥形并且向内延伸。还要说明的是，膜片18有效地与一个适当的驱动组件50相连接，该装置也由筐形体36所支承。为此，膜片中部48的敞开的边缘沿着周边以一种众所周知的方式连接在音圈线圈架52上。一种Kapton牌的音圈线圈架是较可取的，它的重量轻，坚固并且可以在高温下保持其形状。
虽然连接在筐形体36的前部38上的外包层30是运动系统的上部支承，但最好由扬声器支承圈54提供下部支承。一个渐进的扬声器支承圈可以周来减少线圈架52处的粘接接头上的应力，并且迫使它移向外区。支承圈54还可以在运动系统沿径向在线圈架52与筐形体36的相邻的环形部分56之间延伸时，提供软机械限制和对中。
一个音圈58以一种众所周知的方式支承在线圈架52上。一个较长的音圈58是所希望的，因为它能给驱动器以更大的偏移能力，以便使更多的空气移动并且产生更低的低音。一个用于本发明的较可取的音圈包括4层圆导线。导线绝缘和线圈粘合剂用来传送与大功率工作有关的热量。
音圈58由与接线端60相连接的箔线59所连接，该接线端支承在筐形体36的环形部分56上。外部导线61将接线端60与信号源62(例如在汽车内的收音机和圆盘式唱机)相连接(见图1)。
由于箔线59必须吸收误动作以及把大电流传送到音圈58，最好使用两股编织的导线。为了给纸盆提供附加的支撑，可以包括一个环形的纸盆支撑63，该支撑还必须支持重复的大偏移。
最好是，变换器16包括一个倒置的结构圆盖或防尘盖64，该盖越过膜片18的本体20延伸，并且包围住音圈线圈架52。膜片18的本体部分20与中凹的防尘盖64的组合在锁定作用方面是有利的，因为这增加了膜片的刚度，从而可进一步防止膜片的挠曲。特别在高声压级(SPL)的情况下，这种组合将产生一种更有效的活塞作用。
音圈线圈架52可伸缩地容纳在磁靴66上方。磁靴66最好是管状的，其中空的中心形成一个磁靴通气孔68。通气孔68通过使防尘盖64下面的减压可以提高扬声器的声顺。否则，该压力将可能妨碍在低频时的膜片的运动并且当空气快速通过音圈间隙时将产生噪音。这对长声距的驱动器来说尤其重要。一个隔离罩69放置在通气孔的上面以使外来物质不致进入内部的运动结构中。
较好是，该变换器包括一个圆环形的后板70。最好是，磁靴66和后板70整体地制成一个金属件，以便改进磁场强度以及热传导。为了增加热传导，把后板70和磁靴66染成黑色是有利的。在本发明的最佳实施中，将后板70制成具有一个“凸起”部分72，以便允许音圈线圈架52作最大的移动而不会与后板相接触。如果发生这种接触，下面的线圈就可能受到损伤并且使驱动器失效。
永久磁铁74支承在后板70与前板76之间。一种适当的磁铁是一种陶瓷铁氧体磁铁。为了提高每个驱动组件50的性能，应使磁铁74最佳化。磁铁的尺寸大小并不总是与所产生的低音大小有关。磁铁的结构太大将减弱和限制膜片的移动，降低效率和低音响应特性。
前板76与筐形体36的后端78的下表面相啮合。因此，磁靴66，后板70，磁铁74和前板76就被刚性地连接在筐形体36上，而音圈线圈架52和附属的膜片76则被支承在该筐形体中作轴向的往复移动。在许多应用场合，最好有一个贴上橡胶的软的磁铁保护罩79，因为该罩能保护磁铁74免于碎裂并且增加了驱动组件50的外形。
磁铁74的环形表面80和前板76的环形表面沿径向与音圈58隔开了一定距离，以便提供一个间隙84。当音圈58由一个来自信号源62的信号所激磁时，在音圈线圈架52与磁铁74之间的间隙84中就产生了一个磁场，从而使线圈架52和连接于其上的膜片18沿轴向往复移动并且产生了声音。前板76使磁场集中在间隙84中。为了改进热传导，还可以将前板76染成黑色。
如图2中所示，为了产生一个更均匀的磁场以便提供线性的膜片移动，最好使磁靴66在前板76的上面延伸。这样就可以减少由于非线性移动所产生的变形。较长的磁靴通过不让上部的线圈绕组发射的热量互相穿越，还有助于使音圈保持较冷的状态。这种情况是所希望的，因为热量的积累将使扬声器失效。
现在可以认识到，在本发明的超低频变换器中，使用一个方形或矩形的膜片将使在方形外壳内的空气移动达到最大。因此，与封装在方形或矩形外壳中的常规的圆形膜片结构相比较，膜片的尺寸及移动的体积都增加了。此外，一个打褶的成形的外包层将改进任何尺寸和形状的扬声器的性能和寿命。
只要不脱离在下面的权利要求书中所限定的本发明的精神和范围，可以对本文中所说明的各种部件和零件的组合和配置作出各种改变。
工业适用性
根据上述说明，本发明适合于在声音传输和放大领域中使用是显而易见的。
Claims (24)
1．一种超低频变换器，包括：
一具有一矩形前部的筐形体；
一具有一矩形周边的中凹的膜片，该周边的尺寸被定为可支承在筐形体的前部内，并被支承成作轴向移动；以及
一由筐形体支承的驱动组件，包括一永久磁铁和一与膜片相连接的相互支承的音圈，该音圈与一信号源相连接，由此，该驱动组件适合于将来自信号源的信号变换成膜片的往复的轴向移动，从而产生超低频声响。
2．权利要求1所述的变换器，其中，筐形体的矩形前部和膜片的矩形周边都是方形的。
3．权利要求1所述的变换器，其中，膜片还包括一围绕膜片的周边的柔性外包层。
4．权利要求3所述的变换器，其中，外包层的剖面是凸形的。
5．权利要求4所述的变换器，其中，外包层在每个拐角处被形成为至少一个沿径向定位的褶。
6．权利要求4所述的变换器，其中，外包层在每个拐角处被形成为多个沿径向定位的褶。
7．权利要求6所述的变换器，其中，这些褶从外包层向外延伸。
8．权利要求1所述的变换器，其中，膜片上设置有多个构架。
9．一种扬声器，包括：
一具有一矩形孔的外壳；
一超低频变换器，包括：
一具有一矩形周边的中凹的膜片，该周边的尺寸与外壳的矩形孔近似相同，其中膜片被支承为在外壳内作轴向移动；以及
一驱动组件，包括一永久磁铁和一与膜片相连接的相互支承的音圈，该音圈与一信号源相连接，由此，该驱动组件适合于将来自信号源的信号变换成膜片的往复轴向移动，从而产生超低频声响。
10．权利要求9所述的扬声器，其中，外壳中的矩形孔和膜片的矩形周边都是方形的。
11．权利要求9所述的扬声器，还包括一具有一前部和一后部的刚性的筐形体，该前部是矩形的并且其尺寸被定为支承膜片的矩形周边。
12．权利要求11所述的扬声器，其中，膜片还包括一绕着膜片的周边的柔性外包层。
13．权利要求12所述的扬声器，其中，外包层的剖面是凸形的。
14．权利要求13所述的扬声器，其中，外包层在每个拐角处被形成为至少一个沿径向定位的褶。
15．权利要求13所述的扬声器，其中，外包层在每个拐角处被形成为多个沿径向定位的褶。
16．权利要求17所述的扬声器，其中，这些褶从外包层向外延伸。
17．权利要求9所述的扬声器，其中，膜片上设置有多个构架。
18．一种超低频变换器，包括：
一具有一前部孔的筐形体；
一具有一周边的中凹的膜片，该周边的尺寸被定为支承在筐形体的前部孔内，并被支承成作轴向移动；
一绕膜片周边的柔性外包层；以及
一由筐形体支承的驱动组件，包括一永久磁铁和一与膜片相连接的相互支承的音圈，该音圈与一信号源相连接，由此，该驱动组件适合于将来自信号源的信号变换成膜片的往复轴向移动，从而产生超低频声响。
19．权利要求18所述的变换器，其中，外包层的剖面是凸形的。
20．权利要求19所述的变换器，其中，外包层被形成为至少一个径向取向的褶。
21．权利要求20所述的变换器，其中，外包层被形成为多个沿径向定位且沿周向围绕外包层设置的褶。
22．权利要求21所述的变换器，其中，这些褶从外包层向外延伸。
23．权利要求22所述的变换器，其中，膜片的周边是圆的。
24．权利要求18所述的变换器，其中，膜片的周边是圆的。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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| US16095999P | 1999-10-22 | 1999-10-22 | |
| US60/160,959 | 1999-10-22 | ||
| US09/610,600 | 2000-07-05 | ||
| US09/610,600 US6611604B1 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-07-05 | Ultra low frequency transducer and loud speaker comprising same |
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| CN2008100843806A Division CN101257733B (zh) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | 超低频变换器和装有该变换器的扬声器 |
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| CN1320350A true CN1320350A (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
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| CN00801230A Pending CN1320350A (zh) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | 超低频变换器和装有该变换器的扬声器 |
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| US (3) | US6611604B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1222839B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2003515266A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100554818B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1320350A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU773216B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0014849A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2387939C (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2387385T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02003983A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY125083A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW498700B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2001031975A2 (zh) |
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-
2000
- 2000-07-05 US US09/610,600 patent/US6611604B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 MX MXPA02003983A patent/MXPA02003983A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-20 ES ES00984582T patent/ES2387385T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 MY MYPI20004957A patent/MY125083A/en unknown
- 2000-10-20 BR BR0014849-0A patent/BR0014849A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-20 CN CN00801230A patent/CN1320350A/zh active Pending
- 2000-10-20 AU AU21182/01A patent/AU773216B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-20 CA CA002387939A patent/CA2387939C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-20 EP EP00984582A patent/EP1222839B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 WO PCT/US2000/041347 patent/WO2001031975A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-20 JP JP2001533798A patent/JP2003515266A/ja active Pending
- 2000-10-20 KR KR1020027004927A patent/KR100554818B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-15 TW TW089122248A patent/TW498700B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-04-01 US US10/404,468 patent/US7916890B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-29 US US12/022,026 patent/US8023688B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1222839B1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| EP1222839A2 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
| MXPA02003983A (es) | 2003-09-25 |
| BR0014849A (pt) | 2003-07-08 |
| WO2001031975A2 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| KR100554818B1 (ko) | 2006-02-22 |
| TW498700B (en) | 2002-08-11 |
| US20080118098A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
| ES2387385T3 (es) | 2012-09-21 |
| CA2387939A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| US6611604B1 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
| US8023688B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
| AU773216B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| KR20020043637A (ko) | 2002-06-10 |
| AU2118201A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
| CA2387939C (en) | 2006-09-12 |
| MY125083A (en) | 2006-07-31 |
| US7916890B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
| WO2001031975A3 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| US20030194104A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| JP2003515266A (ja) | 2003-04-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| CI01 | Correction of invention patent gazette |
Correction item: Applicant Correct: Stillwater Designs & Audio Inc. False: Stillwater Designs & Audio, Inc. Number: 44 Page: 209 Volume: 17 |
|
| CI02 | Correction of invention patent application |
Correction item: Applicant Correct: Stillwater Designs & Audio Inc. False: Stillwater Designs & Audio, Inc. Number: 44 Page: The title page Volume: 17 |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: STILLWATER DESIGNING AND SOUND COMPANY TO: SHIDIERWATE DESIGNING AND SOUND COMPANY |
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| ERR | Gazette correction |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: STILLWATER DESIGNING AND SOUND COMPANY TO: SHIDIERWATE DESIGNING AND SOUND COMPANY |
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
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