CN1318754C - 一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置 - Google Patents

一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置 Download PDF

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CN1318754C
CN1318754C CNB028163222A CN02816322A CN1318754C CN 1318754 C CN1318754 C CN 1318754C CN B028163222 A CNB028163222 A CN B028163222A CN 02816322 A CN02816322 A CN 02816322A CN 1318754 C CN1318754 C CN 1318754C
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艾劳埃斯·乌本
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6607—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6622—Details of supply and/or removal of the grease, e.g. purging grease
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/08—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with two or more rows of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2210/00—Applications
    • F16N2210/12—Gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2210/00—Applications
    • F16N2210/14—Bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置，其用于驱动所述转子叶片绕其纵向轴线相对于风力装置毂座旋转，以调节该转子叶片的迎角，该驱动装置包括一个位于风力装置相关部件之间的轴承装置和一个齿轮驱动装置，所述齿轮驱动装置用来转动调节所述转子叶片的迎角，其中所述驱动装置的一个齿轮和所述轴承装置位于一个润滑室的容腔内，通过所述轴承装置将润滑剂添加进来。

Description

一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于转动风力装置转子叶片相对于风力装置毂座旋转的装置，包括一个装在相关部件和一个齿轮驱动装置间的轴承装置，用来转动调节风力装置转子叶片迎角。
背景技术
为了使装置上的两个零部件相对转动，这两个零部件必需彼此相对旋转地支撑起来，我们知道例如可以是通过一个滑动轴承装置或者一个滚动轴承装置来实现。众所周知，为了使轴承装置的磨损减到最小则需要添加润滑剂。为了实现两个部件之间的转动，还需要装入一个驱动装置，比如我们所知道的齿轮传动。如果齿轮传动装置不包括只能传递小转矩的塑料齿轮，那么润滑对于减少齿轮传动损耗就是必需的。
如我们所知，给装置添加润滑剂可以起到润滑效果，特别是当安装诸如滚动轴承这样称作终生润滑的装置，或者是由专人定期添加润滑剂的装置，也就是要停机维护，这通常由经专门训练的人员操作。
下列出版物即是现有技术：DE 36 25 840 A1、DE 196 34 059 C1、DE200 21 026 U1、DE 44 32 986 A1、DE37 32 730 C1和DE 44 44 535 A1。上述出版物同时还阐述了本发明的背景技术。
本发明是一个用于两个相对转动部件的装置，该装置转动风力装置的转子叶片绕转子叶片纵轴相对于风力装置转子毂座转动，以调节转子叶片迎角，即调节转子叶片相对于风向的迎角，转子叶片定向旋转。风力作用于轴承装置一个挠力矩从而在转子叶片产生一个力，当叶片转动时，从磨损方面会产生不利影响。此外，转动驱动装置产生一个大的转动力矩，不是因为大的挠力矩，而是因为在叶根部分齿轮装置安装在叶片根部，留给转动装置一个相当小的结构空间。由于例如过度磨损这样的故障和重大疏忽发生的灾难性后果，轴承装置和转动驱动装置都要进行润滑处理变得尤其关键，因此我们得彻底进行润滑工作。然而，由于局部区域润滑的不可实行性，彻底润滑也尤其复杂、昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是改善风力装置中齿轮装置和驱动装置润滑，这种装置使得风力装置的转子叶片相对风力装置毂座旋转。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置，其用于驱动所述转子叶片绕其纵向轴线相对于风力装置毂座旋转，以调节该转子叶片的迎角，该驱动装置包括一个位于风力装置相关部件之间的轴承装置和一个齿轮驱动装置，所述齿轮驱动装置用来转动调节所述转子叶片迎角，其中所述驱动装置的一个齿轮和所述轴承装置位于一个润滑室的容腔内，通过所述轴承装置将润滑剂添加进来。本发明的优选结构如从属权利要求所述。
根据本发明，在一个使第一部件相对第二部件转动的装置中，位于相关部件间的轴承装置和转动驱动齿轮被置于润滑室的容积腔内。经润滑的轴承装置和齿轮装置顺次按紧密并列位置关系放置，以便于添加到齿轮装置和/或者轴承装置中的润滑剂在轴承和齿轮间分配、互换。优选的是，把润滑剂添加到轴承装置然后由此分配给齿轮。
特别是在轴承装置和齿轮装置同轴安装并且/或者实际在一个平面垂直于轴这种情况下，本发明所述装置中调节风力装置转子叶片迎角就是一个优选实施例。转动驱动齿轮的轮齿和优选滚动轴承装置的滚子，特别对于双滚动轴承，在装置的剖视图中看出他们靠得很近，被润滑室壁环绕，所以润滑剂能够穿过润滑室从滚子分配到轮齿。
以下结合附图对本发明实施例进行说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明使风力装置转子叶片相对于毂座转动的装置的剖视剖视图。
图2是图1轴承装置和齿轮装置的局部放大剖视图。
图3是滚动轴承仰视图。
图4是轴承和齿轮装置的润滑脂添加装置剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的装置2，用于转动风力装置转子叶片的根部4绕转子叶片纵轴线6相对于风力装置毂座8转动(转子叶片未画出)。从图1我们还可以看到，电动机10通过一个传动装置12实现转动。在该装置中，传动装置12的小齿轮14与一个齿轮16相啮合，从图2能更清楚看出图1的细节。从图2我们能更清楚地看到特别是双排滚球轴承式的转动轴承装置18。
图1和图2中，我们还可以看，沿滚动轴承18和齿轮16环绕轴线6的直径来度量，滚动轴承18的滚子和齿轮的轮齿16之间的间隔非常小，参见剖视图2。图2中轴承装置18和轮齿16置于润滑室20的容积腔中，润滑脂经过很短距离从滚子18分配到轮齿16，因而供应充足。润滑室20因此呈园环形，与轴承18和齿轮16绕轴线6同轴设置，且沿径向具有两个外壁部22、24，外壁部22固定于转子叶片根部4，而外壁部24则固定于转动毂座8。壁部22、24被一个间隙26分开，间隙26可以使得两外壁部22和24随转子叶片4和毂座8一起转动，间隙26由一个密封环28密封。外壁部22和24间的间隙沿径向毂座延伸到滚动轴承18的滚动轴承轴套部分，在此由滚动轴承密封件30密封。
图3是滚动轴承18下侧简图。滚动轴承18上分布有若干孔19，多数为通孔，但是其中一些为盲孔。通孔用于将滚动轴承固定到轴承的相对转动部件，而在图3中涂黑的盲孔则不是用于固定相对转动的轴承部件，而是用于为滚动轴承添加润滑剂。
图4示出毂座8、叶片根部和设在其间的滚动轴承18。盲孔用标号35表示。参照本发明，不用螺钉连接相对转动的轴承部件，而是用一个加油器32(润滑剂容器)通过一个润滑剂导管34与盲孔35连接。还有一个第一通道36和一个第二通道38通向滚动体，图4中滚动体标记为18。润滑剂由加油器32在压力作用下穿过润滑剂导管34和盲孔35，通过通道36、通道38进入滚动轴承而润滑轴承。由于滚动轴承密封地与相对转动的轴承部件相配合，不断添加进滚动轴承的润滑剂挤压滚动轴承中的润滑剂只能从滚动轴承内进入到润滑室20中。在这里润滑剂还可以用于润滑轮齿。
从图3中我们可以看出，盲孔分布在滚动轴承周边。滚动轴承18在周边六个位置处装有新润滑脂，旧的润滑脂从滚动轴承例如另外六个盲孔处流出而进入润滑室。由此润滑叶片调节驱动装置整个周边。
说明书中图3和图4中可以清楚看出润滑室20不是一个给叶片调节驱动装置提供润滑的润滑剂容器，也不是给滚动轴承提供润滑的润滑剂容器，而是新的润滑脂先进入滚动轴承18，当润滑剂进入滚动轴承，还用于润滑叶片调节驱动装置。润滑剂反向流动会把粉粒从叶片调节驱动装置传送到滚动轴承，然后加速滚动轴承的磨损，这是需要绝对避免的。这就意味着润滑剂的流动方向是单向的，即只能从滚动轴承到润滑室20而不能回流。

Claims (8)

1、一种驱动风力装置转子叶片旋转的装置，其用于驱动所述转子叶片(4)绕其纵轴(6)相对于风力装置毂座(8)旋转，以调节该转子叶片(4)的迎角，该驱动装置包括一个位于风力装置相关部件之间的轴承装置和一个齿轮驱动装置，所述齿轮驱动装置用来转动调节所述转子叶片(4)迎角，其特征在于：所述驱动装置(10、12、14)的一个齿轮(16)和所述轴承装置(18)位于一个润滑室(20)的容腔内，通过所述轴承装置(18)将润滑剂添加进来。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述装置具有一个加油器(32)，所述加油器通过一个润滑剂导管(34)与所述轴承装置(18)相通。
3、如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于：所述润滑剂导管(34)包括位于该轴承的轴承壳体部中的盲孔，该盲孔包括通向该轴承装置的轴承体的通道，从而经该润滑剂导管(34)来自该加油器的润滑剂通过该盲孔与该通道进入到该轴承装置中，然后自该轴承装置通过该轴承壳体部之间的间隙进入到所述润滑室中。
4、如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：从所述加油器至所述润滑室的润滑剂路径是单向的，从而避免了用过的润滑剂不会从所述润滑室流回到所述轴承装置中。
5、如权利要求1～4的其中之一所述的装置，其特征在于：所述轴承装置(18)和所述齿轮(16)同轴安装。
6、如权利要求1～4的其中之一所述的装置，其特征在于：所述轴承装置(18)和所述齿轮(16)大体上安装于一个与所述纵轴(6)垂直的平面内。
7、如权利要求1～4的其中之一所述的装置，其特征在于：所述轴承装置是一个滚动轴承(18)。
8、如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于；所述轴承装置为一个双排滚球轴承(18)。
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