CN1318046C - 一种从小蓟植物中提取止血药物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从植物小蓟中提取止血药物的方法,属于药物提取方法技术领域。其主要技术特点是对植物小蓟经过水煎提取、减压浓缩、提取止血成分和纯化处理方法制备而成,并应用了萃取技术、大孔吸附技术、冻干技术等方法对植物小蓟的有效止血成份进行分离纯化,大大提高了小蓟类制剂产品的纯度和制剂质量,制成新型止血中药制剂,静脉注射给药起效快、作用强,无肝脏的“首过效应”,尤其适合于内科、妇科出血类疾病的治疗。本发明提取方法简单,制备工艺先进,产品纯度高,临床疗效可靠,止血效果非常明显。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种从植物中提取止血药物的方法,具体地说是一种从小蓟植物中提取止血药物的方法,属于药物提取方法技术领域。
二、背景技术
出血为许多外科和内科疾病的重要临床症状,并多系临床危、急、重症。出血过多时可导致休克,引发生命危险,同时,出血还伴有疼痛、炎症等。如果出血不能及时止血,则会在体内淤积,引发其它疾病。因此,止血是处理临床出血性危急重症的重要手段,此外,从军事医学觉度考虑,止血药是战备战略性药物的重要内容之一,因此,止血药物具有广泛的用途。
目前止血药物从获取的途径上区分有中药、合成药和生物工程药物三大类。合成药与生物工程药物多为单一化合物或酶制剂,作用于单一靶点,或为血管收缩剂或为促凝血药物,由于其作用靶点单一,所以对于不同原因及不同机制的出血性疾病难以获得广泛而满意的疗效,并且易产生毒副作用,如血压急剧上升、血栓形成、诱发心脑血管疾病等。中药止血药具有多靶点、多组分、协同作用的特点,可作用于血管、血液的各个环节,尤其是含有多种凝血因子激活物,凝血过程呈“链锁式”及“瀑布式”反应,增大了凝血活性,降低了毒副作用,大大增强了临床用药的安全有效性。但是现行的中药止血药提取方法非常复杂,小蓟中的有效成分未达到精制,并且提纯度不高,影响疗效和制剂质量,止血时间比较长,止血效果不是很明显,成本比较高。
三、发明内容
本发明是为了解决从植物小蓟中提取止血药物方法复杂,纯度低,止血起效时间慢而提出一种新的技术方案。
本发明通过以下方案实现:一种从小蓟植物中提取止血药物的方法,其方法步骤如下:
(1)水煎提取:取小蓟药材,加药材重量6-20倍水煎煮提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,滤过;滤液备用;
(2)减压浓缩:滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置6-48小时,滤过;
(3)提取止血药物:上述滤液加浓盐酸调至PH1-5,加乙酸乙酯萃取2-6次,乙酸乙酯总用量为药液体积的8-20倍,减压回收乙酸乙酯;
(4)纯化处理:加水使其溶解,至药液浓度为1-8g生药/ml,上D101、HPD-100、HPD-300、LSA-30或LSA-33大孔吸附树脂柱,用2-6个柱体积的水洗脱后,再用10-30%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液至总洗脱液体积为2-8柱体积,回收乙醇,并加水至每1ml药液含药材2-10g,装入瓶中,冻干,封口包装。
本发明所具有的优点是:应用萃取技术、大孔吸附技术、冻干技术等方法对植物小蓟提取物有效止血成分进行分离纯化,大大提高了小蓟类制剂产品的科技含量和制剂质量,制成冻干粉针剂型为先进现代化中药剂型,静脉注射给药起效快、作用强,无肝脏的“首过效应”,尤其适合于内科、妇科出血类疾病的治疗。本发明提取方法简单,制备工艺先进,产品纯度高,临床疗效可靠,止血效果非常明显。
四、具体实施方式
原料:小蓟1Kg;
从原料小蓟提取止血药物的方法,其方法步骤是:
(1)水煎提取:取小蓟药材1Kg,加药材重量10倍水即10Kg煎煮提取2小时,滤过,药渣再加10Kg水煎煮提取1小时,合并二次提取液,备用;
(2)减压浓缩:将备用的合并提取液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06,静置12小时,滤过;
(3)提取止血药物:上述滤液加浓盐酸调至PH2-3,加乙酸乙酯萃取4次,乙酸乙酯总用量为药液体积的10倍,减压回收乙酸乙酯;
(4)纯化处理:加水使其溶解,至药液浓度为4g生药/ml,上大孔吸附树脂柱,用2个柱体积的水洗脱后,再用20%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液至总洗脱液体积为6柱体积,回收乙醇,并加水至每1ml药液含药材5g,装入瓶中,冻干,封口包装。
本方法生产的止血药药效学实验结果如下:
组别 剂量(g/Kg) 动物数 出血时间(s)
对照组 12 203.6±95.5
030402 40 10 112.2±103.9
030402 10 11 130.5±108.4
止血敏 025 10 127.6±121.8
通过实验证明本发明适用于创伤出血,消化道出血,对吐血、便血、尿血、咳血、衄血和妇科出血崩漏下血、功能性子宫出血有快速止血的功能,通过动物试验证明出血时间明显减少。
Claims (1)
1、一种从小蓟植物中提取止血药物的方法,其特征是:方法步骤如下:
(1)水煎提取:取小蓟药材,加药材重量6-20倍水煎煮提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,滤过;滤液备用;
(2)减压浓缩:滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置6-48小时,滤过;
(3)提取止血药物:上述滤液加浓盐酸调至PH1-5,加乙酸乙酯萃取2-6次,乙酸乙酯总用量为药液体积的8-20倍,减压回收乙酸乙酯;
(4)纯化处理:加水使其溶解,至药液浓度为1-8g生药/ml,上大孔吸附树脂柱,用2-6个柱体积的水洗脱后,再用10-30%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液至总洗脱液体积为2-8柱体积,回收乙醇,并加水至每1ml药液含药材2-10g,装入瓶中,冻干,封口包装。
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CN1127639A (zh) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-07-31 | 乔东虎 | 一种止血药的制备方法及其制剂 |
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CN1127639A (zh) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-07-31 | 乔东虎 | 一种止血药的制备方法及其制剂 |
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