CN1315835A - 含乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸的抗氧化剂组合物 - Google Patents
含乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸的抗氧化剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1315835A CN1315835A CN99810437A CN99810437A CN1315835A CN 1315835 A CN1315835 A CN 1315835A CN 99810437 A CN99810437 A CN 99810437A CN 99810437 A CN99810437 A CN 99810437A CN 1315835 A CN1315835 A CN 1315835A
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- Prior art keywords
- carnitine
- alpha
- lipoic acid
- acetyl
- acid
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Abstract
公开了一种组合物,它包含作为特征活性组分的乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸,所述组合物可被用于预防和/或治疗性处理由自由基诱发的各种变化和病理状态,它可以呈食物增补剂、营养载体或实际的药剂形式。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于预防和/或治疗下列病症的组合物:因环境污染而产生的自由基的存在而引起的组织疾病;由大脑或心肌缺血之后产生的自由基和伴随的再灌注引起的脑损伤或心肌损伤;中毒性或糖尿病性神经病以及葡萄糖利用中的代谢紊乱。
因此,所述组合物可能呈食物增补剂或实际药物的形式和起食物增补剂或实际药物的作用,取决于载体或预防作用,或者严格的治疗作用,这是希望所述组合物(相对于组合物将被应用的具体个体来说)产生的作用。
更具体地说,本发明涉及一种可经口、肠胃外、经直肠或经皮施用的组合物,它包含下列物质的组合:
(a)乙酰L-肉碱或其药物上可接受的盐,任选与至少另一种“肉碱”组合,其中,“肉碱”是指L-肉碱或选自下组的烷酰基L-肉碱:丙酰-L-肉碱、戊酰L-肉碱、异戊酰L-肉碱或其药物上可接受的盐;以及
(b)α-硫辛酸。
已知,系统性缺乏烷酰基L-肉碱(普遍天然存在的化合物,发现它们的最大浓度尤其是在骨骼肌和心肌中)导致肌功能缺损,这可通过外源性施用这些化合物恢复到正常。
在大脑水平和外周神经组织中确定了乙酰L-肉碱的存在(其中,它的存在是正常神经传导所必需的)。
通过下列现象发生了由肉碱产生能量:线粒体内脂肪酸的β-氧化,以及支链氨基酸的氧化和胰岛素活性的调节。
对于肉碱的生物活性的表征来说重要的是,研究表明了它们对细胞磷脂膜以及对红细胞的完整性和变形性的稳定化效果。
乙酰L-肉碱尤其保护大脑组织而抗过氧化现象。虽然弄清了肉碱是正常生长所需的,但同样真实的是,在衰老过程中检测到与正常相比肉碱水平的降低。
在与衰老相关的代谢过程中,经常检测到氧化过程的延长与自由基的相关增加,它促进糖尿病性损伤的发作。
线粒体活性的降低导致氧化剂的增加,细胞防御作用不再能有效地抵抗氧化剂的增加。
由有氧代谢产生的过氧化物、氢氧化物和单线态氧的增加可导致对大分子(DNA、蛋白质和脂质)的破坏,这是变性疾病(包括糖尿病,它通常是在衰老过程中出现的)发作的缘故。随着衰老而发生的线粒体活性的降低还伴随心磷脂(一种双磷脂酰甘油(diphosphatyl-glycerol)衍生物)的减少,心磷脂构成线粒体膜的结构的一部分,并且在保持线粒体活性中(尤其在脂肪酸β-氧化过程的水平上)起重要作用。线粒体活性(包括脂肪酸β-氧化过程)可通过施用乙酰L-肉碱再活化,它还能恢复线粒体中的正常心磷脂浓度。
乙酰L-肉碱对线粒体活性的正效应还通过它促进生产ATP的糖酵解途径的利用的能力得到了证实。特别是在神经元水平检测到了这些效果(其中,证实了乙酰L-肉碱能防止神经元损伤或慢性神经元变性)。
除了在衰老过程中体内存在的肉碱减少之外,还检测到生长因子(GF-Ⅰ)的减少,尤其是IGF-Ⅰ(胰岛素样生长因子)的减少。
IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ和松弛素是属于胰岛素原(也称为生长调节素)的肽。
IGFs发挥体内稳态作用和营养作用(尤其在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统水平),这些肽在很多变性神经病(包括糖尿病性神经病)的临床应用中产生了有益的结果。
在衰老与肉碱和生长因子(包括IGF-Ⅰ)的减少之间存在相互关系,而这些因子的水平通过外源性施用乙酰L-肉碱而恢复,这些证明人们对于肉碱的兴趣[即,关于它们在预防和治疗神经变性疾病(包括糖尿病性神经病)中的应用]是正确的。
已证实了α-硫辛酸对于糖代谢和胰岛素活性也起重要的调节作用。α-硫辛酸广泛分布于自然界的动植物界中,也可能与食物一起被摄食。首先作为一些微生物的生长因子被识别,然后是在牛肝中将它分离的(因为它与许多动物蛋白结合)。它作为自由基(尤其是那些因环境污染而产生的自由基)的重要清除剂。最近,证实了该化合物还适用于调节葡萄糖利用和胰岛素活性,达到了构成预防糖尿病性神经病的重要因子的程度。
证实了,通过施用α-硫辛酸或它的对映体之一,在大脑水平和在坐骨神经或眼晶状体水平可控制和减小脂质过氧化作用(它在糖尿病性神经病中增大了)。此外,α-硫辛酸抑制高血糖活化的醛糖还原酶,所以,α-硫辛酸在糖尿病并发症中还可能起重要的治疗作用。
α-硫辛酸增强胰岛素引起的葡萄糖的肌利用,而且在糖尿病患者中减小对于胰岛素对葡萄糖的作用的抗性。与α-硫辛酸的抗氧化效果相关的还有它抗局部缺血引起的脑损伤的神经保护能力和它在帕金森病和艾滋病中的推定的治疗作用。
α-硫辛酸的抗氧化作用可能是直接的或间接的,通过恢复谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸浓度起作用。
虽然α-硫辛酸对糖代谢的作用主要是由于它在如下方面起辅酶作用的能力:即,丙酮酸和其它α-酮酸的氧化性脱碳羟基化(oxidativedecarbohydroxylation)中,以及通过乙酸酯在导致形成ATP的三羧酸循环的活化中;但为了解释这种化合物在预防糖尿病性损伤中具有的多个有利的生物效果,还应考虑α-硫辛酸发挥它的保护作用的其它途径。
在这些效果中,尤其要考虑构成它的能力的机制,所述能力即:在还原成二氢硫辛酸后,它通过活性氧物质(ROS)抑制核转录因子(NF-kB)的活化,于是,又抑制神经毒性因子和细胞毒性因子的相关级联。
因为很多与糖尿病有关的并发症(例如,神经病和眼白内障)是由ROS介导的,对核转录因子活化的抑制可能构成一种机制,通过它α-硫辛酸可能介入与糖尿病相关的疾病的预防。此外,还应考虑到,在糖尿病患者中,α-硫辛酸的浓度低于正常值,所以,施用α-硫辛酸可能恢复这些值到正常。因此,它对于葡萄糖转运到细胞膜中的胰岛素有加性效应。
长期暴露于高浓度的葡萄糖中可能导致葡萄糖和蛋白质之间的非酶促反应,并且导致被称为糖基化的终产品(高级糖基化终产品=AGEs)的高度活性蛋白质的自发形成。在这些物质中,研究得最多的是葡萄糖和白蛋白、葡萄糖和胶原、以及葡萄糖和血红蛋白的糖基化产品。AGEs在组织和细胞中引起的效果都是在神经水平、肌水平和内皮水平解释大部分糖尿病性疾病中的相关因子。
AGEs实际上增强胞外基质的组分的合成,增强内皮的渗透性以及免疫复合物和细胞因子的形成,而且引起神经元的和视网膜的局部缺血,髓磷脂积聚和髓磷脂变性。这些化合物中的一些是在糖尿病期间和衰老过程中形成的。
最近阐述了AGEs和激活NF-IKB之间的关系,例如具有α-硫辛酸抑制该反应的能力。
因而,蛋白质糖化和葡萄糖被高浓度的葡萄糖和自由基氧化可能是与糖尿病相关的组织异常(特别是神经组织异常)的另一个原因。α-硫辛酸的存在还抑制或限制糖基化作用或葡萄糖氧化反应的进展。
还在与炎性剂接触的胰细胞中观察到α-硫辛酸的另一保护效果。
至于α-硫辛酸在预防和治疗内障中的作用,这可能不但是由于上述其它机制,而且由于眼内维生素C浓度的恢复,因葡萄糖与维生素C转运的竞争而引起的高血糖使眼内维生素C浓度减小。
除了维生素E的缺乏和谷胱甘肽浓度的增大之外,α-硫辛酸抗神经病发作的保护作用还通过临床研究证实了。观察到神经损伤的减小还伴随过氧化反应产物的减少(由丙二酰醛(malonylaldehyde)浓度的降低检测的)。其它多中心研究证实了它在糖尿病性神经病的治疗中的活性。
意外地发现了,一种包含作为其特征组分的下列物质的组合的组合物:(a)乙酰L-肉碱或其药物上可接受的盐;以及(b)α-硫辛酸在下列疾病的预防和/或治疗中特别有效:因环境污染而产生的自由基的存在所引起的组织损伤;由大脑或心肌缺血之后产生的自由基和由于再灌注引起的脑损伤或心肌损伤;中毒性或糖尿病性神经病,以及葡萄糖利用中的代谢紊乱。
还发现了,有利的是,组分(a)可进一步包含选自下组含L-肉碱的“肉碱”:丙酰L-肉碱、戊酰L-肉碱和异戊酰L-肉碱或其药物上可接受的盐。
(a)∶(b)重量比在100∶1~1∶10范围内。
毒理学试验
肉碱和α-硫辛酸因它们很有限的毒性和良好的耐受性而众所周知。肉碱和α-硫辛酸的这些有利的毒理特性已通过将这些组分结合并以高剂量对大鼠和小鼠施用得到了证实。其实,在这些动物中,证明了有可能经肠胃外施用高达250mg/kg以上的乙酰L-肉碱或100mg/kgα-硫辛酸,以及250mg/kg肉碱混合物(乙酰L-肉碱、丙酰L-肉碱、异戊酰L-肉碱,彼此以1∶1的重量比混合);经口施用500mg/kg以上的乙酰L-肉碱,500mg/kg所述肉碱混合物和200mg/kgα-硫辛酸,但这样处理的动物都没有死亡。
还通过食物在连续30天对大鼠组和小鼠组长期施用200mg/kg乙酰L-肉碱或200mg/kg所述肉碱混合物和100mg/kgα-硫辛酸,结果表明良好地耐受和未检测到中毒的迹象。在这些动物中进行的增重和血液化学试验显示正常值,在处理结束时杀死动物后对主要器官进行的组织病理学的结果也一样。
关于实验性大脑缺血的神经保护活性试验
鉴于这一事实,即,大脑缺血引起的损伤与自由基和一氧化二氮的产生有关,并且肉碱和α-硫辛酸这二者都提供抗自由基的毒性作用的保护作用,于是,在这些试验中通过下述方法阻塞大脑中动脉(MCA)而引起大脑缺血:按Scharkey描述的方法[Scharkey,Y.,自然(Nature)371~336,1994]通过在大脑中动脉水平用定向置于梨状脑皮层中的微型插管在三分钟内将内皮缩血管肽-1(120 pmol于3nl中)注入麻醉的大鼠。引起了动脉阻塞,可在该操作三天后通过穿心灌注多聚甲醛溶液(4%于PBS中)检测产生的局部缺血。
摘除脑后,将它置于含10%蔗糖的固定剂中,在光学显微镜下检查用羟甲苯基紫(cresyl violet)固定的恒冷箱切片(20nm)。在内皮缩血管肽注射5分钟后静脉内施用乙酰L-肉碱(50mg/kg),或者肉碱混合物(50mg/kg 乙酰L-肉碱、丙酰L-肉碱和异戊酰L-肉碱彼此以1∶1的重量比混合的混合物),或者α-硫辛酸(20mg/kg)。
按Park描述的方法(Park C.K.,神经病学纪事(Anns.Neurol.),20~150,1989)计算梗死部位的体积。这些试验结果阐明了:乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物和α-硫辛酸都能减小局部缺血面积,但是意外地,可用这些产品的组合(特别用乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸的组合)获得最大和最显著的结果。
表1由于MCA的阻塞引起局部缺血(以mm3表示的体积)的程度(与对比动物相比,体积减小的百分数)
体积(mm3)
乙酰L-肉碱 25.6±1.5
α-硫辛酸 34.5±2.1
肉碱混合物 35.8±3.1
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 85.3±4.4
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 80.5±6.1
实验性糖尿病高血糖试验
高血糖(不论是通过蛋白质糖基化产物(AGEs)的形成还是通过代谢性低氧引起的)是导致糖尿病性疾病(尤其是糖尿病性神经病)的潜在因子之一。
因此,控制血清葡萄糖是预防与糖尿病相关的疾病最重要的方法之一。在这些试验中,在大鼠内诱发实验性糖尿病,然后进行试验从而确定引起的高血糖是否能通过施用乙酰L-肉碱、或者肉碱混合物、或者α-硫辛酸、或者这些产物的组合而降低。高血糖是通过对大鼠皮下注射四氧嘧啶(100mg/kg)引起的,而在四氧嘧啶注射七天后表现出高于450mg/dl的血清葡萄糖含量的那些大鼠就被认为患高血糖。
用试验物质经口处理达三周的时间。在这段时间结束时,测定各组大鼠(高血糖的和处理的)的血清葡萄糖。
获得的结果阐明了,单独的肉碱和单独的α-硫辛酸都只能稍微降低高初始血清葡萄糖值,但最显著的结果是在施用了与α-硫辛酸掺和的肉碱后出现的。在该情况下,尤其是乙酰L-肉碱与α-硫辛酸的组合,存在这两种产物显著的协同作用,它们能使血清葡萄糖值降到几乎正常。
表2
在大鼠中进行的实验性高血糖试验
血清葡萄糖(mg/dl)
处理 初始 21天后
对比动物 456.8±26 505.5±31
乙酰L-肉碱 509.5±28 405.9±25
肉碱混合物 490.2±32 410.5±35
α-硫辛酸 502.8±36 360.4±30
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 489.6±40 145.5±21
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 505.5±39 170.5±36乙酰L-肉碱=200mg/kg肉碱混合物=乙酰L-肉碱+丙酰-L-肉碱+异戊酰-L-肉碱,彼此以1∶1的比率混合α-硫辛酸=50mg/kg糖尿病大鼠的眼晶状体和坐骨神经内山梨糖醇含量的测试
由糖尿病性高血糖引起的损伤以及与之相关的眼神经疾病或周围神经疾病的最常见起因之一是山梨糖醇的细胞内积累,随之发生渗透能力和细胞完整性的降低。
在一组大鼠中进行了这些试验,其中,通过静脉内施用50mg/kg链脲佐菌素诱发糖尿病。注射一周后,测试血清葡萄糖,表现出高于450mg/dl的血清葡萄糖值的那些大鼠就被认为患糖尿病。然后,这些大鼠连续八天接受腹膜内注射乙酰L-肉碱(100mg/kg)、或者肉碱混合物(乙酰L-肉碱+丙酰L-肉碱+异戊酰L-肉碱,彼此以1∶1的重量比混合)(100mg/kg)、或者α-硫辛酸(25mg/kg),或者单独地或者以各种组合形式注射。
处理八天后,在适当分离后,在进行处理之前或之后测定糖尿病大鼠的坐骨神经和眼晶状体中存在的山梨糖醇浓度。在所有处理的动物中,山梨糖醇浓度看来都降低了,但在用α-硫辛酸和肉碱的组合物处理的动物中可检测到最显著的降低,在用乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸的组合物处理的组中记录了最低值。
这些试验结果还显示了α-硫辛酸和肉碱之间协同增强活性意外的程度。
表3
糖尿病大鼠中眼晶状体和坐骨神经内的山梨糖醇含量
山梨糖醇(nmol/mg)
处理 晶状体 坐骨神经
对比动物 0.44±0.06 0.078±0.008
糖尿病 40.2±3.9 1.85±0.21
乙酰L-肉碱 32.7±2.5 1.15±0.11
肉碱混合物 30.5±2.9 1.05±0.09
α-硫辛酸 30.8±3.2 1.08±0.10
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 14.7±2.8 0.55±0.08
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 16.4±1.9 0.65±0.07用IGF-Ⅰ、肉碱和α-硫辛酸处理的神经细胞的存活和生长的试验
鉴于胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)在保护神经细胞功能完整性(尤其是抗毒性损伤,例如在糖尿病过程中表现的那些)中所起的重要作用,我们猜测:是否因培养基中肉碱或α-硫辛酸或这些产品组合物的存在而促进有利于脑细胞生长和存活的IGF-Ⅰ的活性。为此,按Thanguipon描述的方法[Thanguipon W.,脑研究进展(Dev.Brain Res.),11,177,1983]分离了Wistar大鼠的脑细胞,以3×105/cm2的密度分布在板上。往培养基中添加胞嘧啶阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(10mM)而防止非神经元细胞的复制。八天后,洗涤细胞,保存在培养基中,其中,血清被含5mM KCl浓度的BME(Basal Eagles Medium,Life Technologies,Gaithersburg,MD)置换了。将试验产品直接加到这样制备的血清中:IGF-Ⅰ相当于25ng/ml乙酰L-肉碱(100ng/ml)或肉碱混合物(100ng/ml)或α-硫辛酸,或者单独地或者组合地。
按Jones描述的方法[Jones K.H.,组织化学和细胞化学杂志(J.Histoehem.Cytochem.),33,77,1985]在35mm圆片上将所述物质加到培养基中与10ng/ml醋酸荧光素接触,添加24小时后,观察到培养基中细胞存活和生长。用荧光显微镜将细胞计数。该试验的结果表明:IGF-Ⅰ对分离的脑细胞的生长促进效果因肉碱和α-硫辛酸的存在而被显著增强了,但是单独的肉碱和α-硫辛酸不引起显著变化,而且,当肉碱(尤其乙酰L-肉碱)和α-硫辛酸组合时,引起最大的生长增强效果。
表4乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物和α-硫辛酸增强IGF-Ⅰ对分离的脑细胞生长的促进效果试验
处理 细胞生长(与对比动物相比的%)
IGF-Ⅰ 45±2.8
乙酰L-肉碱 5±0.51
肉碱混合物 9±0.91
α-硫辛酸 5±0.39
IGF-Ⅰ+乙酰L-肉碱 65±5.8
IGF-Ⅰ+肉碱混合物 60±3.5
IGF-Ⅰ+α-硫辛酸 70±6.1
IGF-Ⅰ+乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 98±7.3
IGF-Ⅰ+肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 90±6.9
糖尿病大鼠中的坐骨神经再生试验
割断了坐骨神经的、诱发糖尿病的大鼠表现出比正常大鼠更差的再生活性。
进行了这些试验以研究通过用乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物或α-硫辛酸或者这些产品的组合物处理是否可以促进糖尿病大鼠中坐骨神经的再生。在这些试验中应用的方法是Fernandez描述的方法[Fernandez E.,国际临床药理学研究杂志(Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Res.),10,85,1990」。
在一组大鼠中,通过皮下注射100mg/kg 四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病(血清葡萄糖高于450mg/dl)。按这种方式与食物一起施用乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物和α-硫辛酸以致日摄食量为200mg/kg乙酰L-肉碱、200mg/kg肉碱混合物(乙酰L-肉碱+丙酰L-肉碱+异戊酰L-肉碱,彼此以1∶1的重量比混合)和50mg/kgα-硫辛酸。在割断坐骨神经前一周和割断后三十天施用所述化合物。
在麻醉下和暴露1cm后在坐骨孔(sciatic foramen)的水平下割断坐骨神经。用神经弓上的缝线(epineural suture)标记损伤的边缘。割断神经三十天后,杀死动物,检查胫神经(坐骨神经的主要组成部分之一)的组织。通过半自动图象分析仪(Zeiss Videoplan Image Analyser)对长度大约为4mm的胫神经的四个截面进行形态检查和形态度量检查。
计数再生的轴突数和每100nm2它们的密度,以及变性成分。这样证明了有可能检测糖尿病诱发的胫神经成分的变性,通过用乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物和α-硫辛酸处理修正到几乎恢复正常值的程度。
就防止糖尿病对神经再生的伤害来说,施用与α-硫辛酸组合的乙酰L-肉碱或肉碱混合物获得了最明显的结果;所以,在该试验中也证实了在按本发明的组合方面显著的和意外的协同作用。
表5在糖尿病大鼠中割断坐骨神经后胫神经变性成分的数量和密度
处理 数量 密度
(每100nm2)
对比动物 965±141 0.31±0.04
乙酰L-肉碱 560±61 0.16±0.02
肉碱混合物 520±55 0.14±0.02
α-硫辛酸 590±0.70 0.20±0.04
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 340±0.41 0.10±0.01
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 360±0.55 0.11±0.02
神经肌肉传导试验
外周神经病(特别是糖尿病性神经病)最显著的异常之一是神经肌肉传导作用(它在运动活性的变化中反映出来)的降低。
在这些试验中,我们通过用50mg/kg链脲佐菌素静脉内注射实验动物(平均重量为300g的大鼠)在大鼠内诱发实验型糖尿病。在诱发了糖尿病的动物(血清葡萄糖高于450mg/dl)中测定了神经肌肉传导速度(NMCV)。为此,分离了坐骨神经(2cm长),将比目鱼肌与腓肠肌分离,割断它的远端腱,连到等长传感器[它记录肌肉收缩力(MCF)]上。通过(插在离坐骨神经10mm处并与刺激器连接的)两个电极经坐骨神经刺激肌肉。
将一个双极电极置于肌肉远端而通过示波器显示肌电图。
测定NMCV(以m/sec表示),将刺激电极之间的距离除以两位点中开始诱发ECG电位的等待时间的平均差异。以mm表示MCF。
表6
糖尿病大鼠中的神经肌肉传导试验(4周后)
处理 NMCV MCF
(m/sec) (mm)
对比动物 42.2±2.4 49.3±3.1
糖尿病 34.5±2.1 34.6±2.9
糖尿病+乙酰L-肉碱 38.5±1.9 40.6±3.4
糖尿病+肉碱混合物 39.9±2.1 41.2±2.7
糖尿病+α-硫辛酸 40.1±1.5 41.9±3.3
糖尿病+乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 43.4±2.4 48.9±3.9
糖尿病+肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 42.0±3.1 47.5±4.1
运动协调异常试验
在“wobbler小鼠”中进行了这些试验,wobbler小鼠也就是这样的动物:表现出不稳定的摇摆步态,爪的畸形位置和运动速度的降低。这些异常与运动神经元和肌皮神经纤维的进行性萎缩有关,尤其影响前肢。按Mitsumoto提出的方法[Mitsumoto H.,神经病学纪事,36,14,1994]进行了试验。诊断后,用乙酰L-肉碱(200mg/kg)、或者用肉碱混合物(200mg/kg)、或者用α-硫辛酸(50mg/kg)、或者用这些产品的各种组合物连续二十天经口处理所述wobbler小鼠。通过评估处理的动物和对比动物的下列行为而进行检查:每只动物抓住倾斜平台边缘的时间(抓住时间),还有它跑10cm的距离所用的时间(奔跑时间)。
这些试验的结果表明:用乙酰L-肉碱、肉碱混合物和α-硫辛酸处理这些动物改善了抓住时间和奔跑时间(与对比动物相比),而且,施用这些产品的组合物(尤其通过乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸组合)获得了最佳效果。在这些试验中,也存在肉碱和α-硫辛酸显著而意外的协同增效作用。
表7
奔跑时间增加百分率的测试
对比动物 55±4.5
乙酰L-肉碱 35±3.2
肉碱混合物 38±4.1
α-硫辛酸 40±3.9
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 20±1.9
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 26±2.1
表8
抓住时间增加百分率的测试
对比动物 70±5.5
乙酰L-肉碱 55±4.6
肉碱混合物 60±3.8
α-硫辛酸 50±5.9
乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 25±3.2
肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 30±2.8
顺铂诱导的感觉神经元损伤试验
对实验动物长期施用顺铂能在感觉神经元水平引起损伤并引起显著的本体感受知觉(propioceptive perception)异常。
在这些试验中,我们评估了通过连续七天施用下列物质产生的对于由连续七天皮下注射10mg/kg顺铂引起的毒性的保护作用:300mg/kg乙酰L-肉碱(经口)、或者300mg/kg肉碱混合物(乙酰L-肉碱+丙酰L-肉碱+异戊酰L-肉碱,彼此以1∶1的重量比混合)、或50mg/kgα-硫辛酸、或这些产品的各种组合。
通过rotarod试验(Apfel,S.C.,神经病学纪事,29、89,1991)评估了由顺铂在小鼠内引起的本体感受的知觉异常。
在这些试验中获得的结果阐明了:虽然顺铂在顺铂处理的动物中引起平衡时间的大为缩短(与对比动物相比),并且在单独用乙酰L-肉碱或α-硫辛酸处理的动物中引起相同数量级的缩短,但另一方面,用乙酰L-肉碱和α-硫辛酸的组合物处理的动物组表现的平衡能力实际上与未经受顺铂中毒的动物相同。在这些试验中,也存在肉碱和α-硫辛酸显著的协同增效作用。
表9
由顺铂引起的神经感觉异常的试验(rotarod试验)
顺铂 处理 平衡时间
(秒)
… 对比动物 14.8±1.4
顺铂 … 8.4±0.8
顺铂 乙酰L-肉碱 9.5±0.6
顺铂 肉碱混合物 8.9±0.6
顺铂 α-硫辛酸 9.9±0.8
顺铂 乙酰L-肉碱+α-硫辛酸 14.4±1.8
顺铂 肉碱混合物+α-硫辛酸 13.8±2.1
为评估所述新组合物能发挥的活性所进行的试验充分证明了本发明自身的创新性是正确的,尤其阐明了:当组合应用时,它的组分能引起意外而惊人的协同作用。
基于它的组分的协同作用,本文描述的本发明的组合物适合预防引起急性或慢性神经元损伤的中毒性损伤和代谢损伤。具体地说,它可被用于治疗中毒性神经病(特别是糖尿病性外周神经病)。
鉴于它的抗氧化能力,在与脑、肝、心脏或其它器官和组织中自由基的释放相关的毒性源或低氧源异常的预防或治疗中也需要这种组合物。
此外,鉴于所述组合物促进IGF-Ⅰ的作用的能力,与衰老相关的病理异常(例如神经变性疾病)也可能从它的应用获得令人满意的益处。
下文报导了本发明的配方的阐述性的、非限制性的实例:1) 乙酰L-肉碱 mg 500
α-硫辛酸 mg 502) 肉碱混合物 mg 500
(乙酰L-肉碱、丙酰L-肉碱、异戊酰L-肉碱,
以相同重量混合)
α-硫辛酸 mg 503) 乙酰L-肉碱 mg 250
α-硫辛酸 mg 254) 肉碱混合物 mg 250
(乙酰L-肉碱、丙酰L-肉碱、异戊酰L-肉碱,
以相同的重量混合)
α-硫辛酸 mg 255) 乙酰L-肉碱 mg 1
α-硫辛酸 mg 1006) 乙酰L-肉碱 mg 250
α-硫辛酸 mg 25
甲硫氨酸硒 μg 50
甘氨酸锌 mg 10
硬脂酸镁 mg 20
牛磺酸 mg 50
维生素E mg 10
CoQ10 mg 10
β-胡萝卜素 mg 10
维生素C mg 30
L-肉碱或烷酰基L-肉碱的药物上可接受的盐指这些活性组分与不引起不希望有的毒性或副作用的酸形成的任意盐。这些酸是药剂学专家熟知的酸。
合适的盐的非限制性实例如下:氯化物,溴化物,碘化物,天冬氨酸盐、酸式天冬氨酸盐,柠檬酸盐、酸式柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐,磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐,富马酸盐、酸式富马酸盐,甘油磷酸盐,葡糖磷酸盐,乳酸盐,马来酸盐、酸式马来酸盐,乳清酸盐,草酸盐、酸式草酸盐,硫酸盐、酸式硫酸盐,三氯乙酸盐,三氟乙酸盐和甲磺酸盐。
国际药理学杂志(Int.J.of Pharm.)33,(1986),201~217给出了FDA认可的药物上可接受的盐一览表;所述公开内容并入本文作参考。
本发明的组合物还可包含维生素、辅酶、矿物质和抗氧化剂。
制药工业和食品工业专家将会明白用于制备顾及具体施药途径的组合物的合适的赋形剂。
Claims (13)
1.一种组合物,它包含下列物质的组合:(a)乙酰L-肉碱或其药物上可接受的盐;以及(b)α-硫辛酸。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中,组分(a)进一步包含选自下组的含L-肉碱的“肉碱”:丙酰L-肉碱、戊酰L-肉碱、异戊酰L-肉碱或它们的药物上可接受的盐或其混合物。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中,(a)∶(b)的重量比是100∶1~1∶10。
4.前述权利要求任一项的组合物,其中L-肉碱或烷酰基L-肉碱的药物上可接受的盐选自下组:氯化物;溴化物;碘化物;天冬氨酸盐,酸式天冬氨酸盐;柠檬酸盐,酸式柠檬酸盐;酒石酸盐;磷酸盐,酸式磷酸盐;富马酸盐,酸式富马酸盐;甘油磷酸盐;葡糖磷酸盐;乳酸盐;马来酸盐,酸式马来酸盐;乳清酸盐;酸式草酸盐;硫酸盐,酸式硫酸盐;三氯乙酸盐;三氟乙酸盐和甲磺酸盐。
5.前述权利要求任一项的组合物,它进一步包含维生素、辅酶、矿物质和抗氧化剂。
6.可经口施用的、呈食物增补剂形式的、前述权利要求任一项的组合物。
7.可经口、肠胃外、经直肠或经皮施用的,呈药剂形式的前述权利要求任一项的组合物。
8.下列用途的、权利要求6的食物增补剂:预防由环境污染而产生的自由基引起的组织损伤;预防大脑或心肌缺血之后产生的自由基和伴随性再灌注引起的脑损伤或心肌损伤;预防糖尿病性或中毒性神经病以及葡萄糖利用中的代谢紊乱。
9.用于治疗下列疾病的、权利要求7的药剂:由环境污染而产生的自由基引起的疾病;大脑或心肌缺血之后产生的自由基和伴随性再灌注引起的脑损伤或心肌损伤;动脉粥样硬化损伤和组织增生过程;糖尿病性或中毒性神经病以及葡萄糖利用中的代谢紊乱。
10.呈固态、半固态或液态形式的权利要求6或8的食物增补剂。
11.呈固态、半固态或液态形式的权利要求9或11的药剂。
12.呈片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊、颗粒或糖浆剂形式的权利要求10的食物增补剂。
13.呈片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊、颗粒、糖浆剂、小瓶或滴剂形式的权利要求11的药剂。
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CN101045048B (zh) * | 2006-03-27 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 | 线粒体营养素组合物的应用 |
CN101057857B (zh) * | 2006-04-21 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 | 一种预防与改善帕金森氏症的组合物及其制法 |
CN107922922A (zh) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-04-17 | 维特罗利夫瑞典股份公司 | 培养基 |
CN113645854A (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-11-12 | 西莫·拉西 | 预防或减少氧化应激和神经变性疾病的组合物 |
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